The Clinical Usefulness of Evaluating the Lens and Intraocular Lenses Using Optical Coherence Tomography: An Updated Literature Review.

The Lens Dysfunction Syndrome includes two widespread ocular disorders: presbyopia and cataract. Understanding its etiology, onset, progression, impact, prevention, and treatment remains a significant scientific challenge. The lens is a fundamental structure of the ocular dioptric system that allows for focus adjustment or accommodation to view objects at different distances.

Trends in glaucoma surgery in a tertiary hospital in Spain: 2010-2022.

Objective: This study aims to conduct an analysis glaucoma surgeries performed over a 13-year period at a tertiary hospital affiliated with the Spanish National Health System, with the goal of assessing temporal trends.

Methods: This retrospective observational study scrutinized surgeries undertaken in the glaucoma unit of a tertiary center in Spain between 2010 and 2022. Data collected included surgical dates, procedure performed, whether it was standalone or combined, as well as patient demographics including age, sex, and type of underlying glaucoma.

Multi-loaded PLGA microspheres as neuroretinal therapy in a chronic glaucoma animal model.

This work focused on the co-encapsulation and simultaneous co-delivery of three different neuroprotective drugs in PLGA (poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres for the treatment of glaucoma. For formulation optimization, dexamethasone (anti-inflammatory) and ursodeoxycholic acid (anti-apoptotic) were co-loaded by the solid-in-oil-in-water emulsion solvent extraction-evaporation technique as a first step. The incorporation of a water-soluble co-solvent (ethanol) and different amounts of dexamethasone resulted critical for the encapsulation of the neuroprotective agents and their initial release.

Intraoperative OCT to check the correct postimplant position of Preserflo.

Introduction: This study was designed to examine the capacity of intraoperative optical coherence tomography (OCT) to predict the postimplant position of the glaucoma drainage device PreserfloTM.

Methods: 13 eyes (mean age 65.42 (14.

3D Features Fusion for Automated Segmentation of Fluid Regions in CSCR Patients: An OCT-based Photodynamic Therapy Response Analysis.

Central Serous Chorioretinopathy (CSCR) is a significant cause of vision impairment worldwide, with Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) emerging as a promising treatment strategy. The capability to precisely segment fluid regions in Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) scans and predict the response to PDT treatment can substantially augment patient outcomes. This paper introduces a novel deep learning (DL) methodology for automated 3D segmentation of fluid regions in OCT scans, followed by a subsequent PDT response analysis for CSCR patients.

Study of the impact of the vascular systemic risk factors on peripapillary vascular density by optical coherence tomography angiography.

Background: The focus of therapeutic tools in glaucoma has been mainly to control of intraocular pressure. Recently there has been a growing interest in investigating the relationship of vascular risk factors in the development of glaucoma. The aim of this study was to assess the association between systemic arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolemia, and peripapillary vascularization measured by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) in glaucoma and healthy subjects.

Epithelial inclusion cyst secondary to glaucoma surgery: A case series.

Epithelial inclusion cysts (EIC) are a rare ocular disease and its physiopathology is not well-known. They consist on growths of ocular surface epithelial cells inside the anterior segment of the eye in the form of a cyst. To date several cases have been published in the literature, none of them related to glaucoma surgery.

The Increased Burden of Rare Variants in Four Matrix Metalloproteinase-Related Genes in Childhood Glaucoma Suggests a Complex Genetic Inheritance of the Disease.

Childhood glaucoma encompasses congenital and juvenile primary glaucoma, which are heterogeneous, uncommon, and irreversible optic neuropathies leading to visual impairment with a poorly understood genetic basis. Our goal was to identify gene variants associated with these glaucoma types by assessing the mutational burden in 76 matrix metalloproteinase-related genes. We studied 101 childhood glaucoma patients with no identified monogenic alterations using next-generation sequencing.

Alterations in Corneal Sensitivity, Staining and Biomechanics of Alopecia Areata Patients: Novel Findings in a Case-Control Study.

: A higher prevalence of ophthalmological alterations in systemic inflammatory diseases has been demonstrated. : Our objectives were to determine anterior segment findings and corneal properties in alopecia areata (AA). : This is a case-control study.

Primary congenital glaucoma in two siblings with different compound heterozygous CYP1B1 genotypes.

Objective: To describe the inheritance pattern and clinical variability of primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) in a family with two affected siblings.

Materials And Methods: Two sisters diagnosed at birth with bilateral PCG, whose father had bilateral PCG and mother had bilateral microphthalmus, were subjected to a familial genetic study and ophthalmologic follow-up including intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement, and collection of biometric and cup-to-disc ratio data.

Results: The inheritance pattern was autosomal recessive in compound heterozygosis.

Prevalence of comorbidities with the potential to increase the risk of nonadherence to topical ocular hypotensive medication in patients with open-angle glaucoma.

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of comorbidities that may limit or prevent adherence to topical ocular hypotensive therapy in patients with open-angle glaucoma (OAG).

Methods: The UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) database of primary and secondary care and prescription records was analyzed to identify patients with a first (index) diagnosis of OAG during 2016-2020. The primary care records of these patients were screened for diagnostic terms linked to prespecified (qualifying) comorbidities considered to have the potential to impact patients' ability to instill eye drops.

Visual and refractive outcomes after bilateral implantation of an enhanced monofocal intraocular lens: prospective study.

Purpose: To evaluate visual and refractive outcomes, as well as patient satisfaction after bilateral implantation of an enhanced monofocal intraocular lens (IOL) with emmetropia as a target refraction.

Setting: San Carlos Hospital, Madrid, Spain.

Design: Prospective, monocentric, noncomparative study.

Chronic Glaucoma Induced in Rats by a Single Injection of Fibronectin-Loaded PLGA Microspheres: IOP-Dependent and IOP-Independent Neurodegeneration.

To evaluate a new animal model of chronic glaucoma induced using a single injection of fibronectin-loaded biodegradable PLGA microspheres (Ms) to test prolonged therapies. 30 rats received a single injection of fibronectin-PLGA-Ms suspension (MsF) in the right eye, 10 received non-loaded PLGA-Ms suspension (Control), and 17 were non-injected (Healthy). Follow-up was performed (24 weeks), evaluating intraocular pressure (IOP), optical coherence tomography (OCT), histology and electroretinography.

European Glaucoma Society - A guide on surgical innovation for glaucoma.

PROLOGUE:

Influence of sex on chronic steroid-induced glaucoma: 24-Weeks follow-up study in rats.

The objective was to evaluate ocular changes based on sex in steroid-induced glaucoma models in rats comparing healthy controls, over 24 weeks follow-up. Eighty-nine Long-Evans rats (38 males and 51 females) with steroid-induced glaucoma were analysed. Two steroid-induced glaucoma models were generated by injecting poly-co-lactic-glycolic acid microspheres loaded with dexamethasone (MMDEX model) and dexamethasone-fibronectin (MMDEXAFIBRO model) into the ocular anterior chamber.

Assessment of the ciliary muscle and scleral anterior thickness in high myopia by optical coherence tomography.

Purpose: To assess ciliary muscle (CM) and anterior scleral thickness (AST) dimensions in vivo in high myopia using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) and to compare with emmetropic and hyperopic subjects.

Methods: Cross-sectional study that included 34 high myopic patients (≥ -6 diopters [D]), 90 emmetropes (-1 to +1 D) and 38 hyperopic patients (≥ +3.5 D).

Peripapillary Vascular Density in Childhood Glaucoma: A Pilot Comparative Study with Age and Sex Matched Healthy Subjects.

Purpose: The aim of this study concerns the evaluation of peripapillary vessel indices in childhood glaucoma (CG) and healthy subjects.

Material And Methods: In this prospective, unicenter, observational cross-sectional study, patients with CG and age and sex-matched healthy subjects were included. We compared retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) measurements in optical coherence tomography (OCT), peripapillary vessel density (PVD), and the flux index (FI) of the superficial vascular plexus from OCT angiography (OCT-A) between CG patients and control groups.

Clinical update in nanophthalmos: Features, diseases and complications associated.

Nanophthalmos is a rare congenital condition of the eyeball that is characterised by a smaller size of the anterior and posterior segments without associated ocular malformations. Typical features that have traditionally been described in these eyes are short axial length, thickened sclera, cornea with a smaller diameter, narrow anterior chamber, and an increased lens to globe volume ratio. However, at present, there is still a lack of recognised diagnostic criteria for nanophthalmos and a classification of its severity.

Diagnostic ability of vessel density of the optic nerve head and macula versus structural parameters with optical coherence tomography in pseudoexfoliative glaucoma.

Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic ability of the vessel density (VD) of the optic nerve head (ONH) and the macula on optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography and the retinal nerve layer thickness (RNFL) thickness and the macular ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness on OCT in patients with pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (PXG).

Methods: Cross-sectional study including PXG patients and healthy controls. Demographic and clinical data were noted for all participants.

Ab-Externo MicroShunt versus Trabeculectomy in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: Two-Year Results from a Randomized, Multicenter Study.

Purpose: To compare the effectiveness and safety of the MicroShunt (Santen Inc) versus trabeculectomy in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).

Design: Prospective, randomized, multicenter trial conducted in the United States and Europe.

Participants: Adult patients (aged 40-85 years) with mild to severe POAG inadequately controlled on maximum tolerated medical therapy and intraocular pressure (IOP) ≥ 15 mmHg and ≤ 40 mmHg.

Anterior Scleral Thickness and Other Dimensions in Nanophthalmos by Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography: A Comparative Study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to assess the ocular dimensions of the anterior and posterior segment, including the anterior scleral thickness (AST) in nanophthalmos compared to control eyes.

Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was carried out in two groups: 46 eyes of 28 patients with nanophthalmos, defined as axial length (AXL) < 20.5 mm, and 60 eyes of 30 controls paired by age and sex.

Improvement of objective ocular redness measured with Keratograph 5M in glaucoma patients after instilling brimonidine drops.

Objective: To compare objective ocular redness measured using OCULUS Keratograph 5 M before and after 0.2% brimonidine instillation in glaucoma patients under topical hypotensive treatment.

Methods: 60 eyes from 60 subjects diagnosed with glaucoma or ocular hypertension under hypotensive ocular topical treatment were analyzed.