Assessing quality and polyphenol in vitro bioaccessibility in healthy jelly gummies with microencapsulated and non-encapsulated pomegranate peel extract.

Background: Pomegranate peel extract (PPE) is rich in polyphenols, notably punicalagin and ellagic acid, but is sensitive to environmental degradation and has low bioavailability. Microencapsulation can enhance PPE stability and bioaccessibility, making it suitable for functional foods like jelly gummies (JG). JG containing microencapsulated PPE (MPPE) have not been studied.

Guidance and Position of RINN22 regarding Precision Nutrition and Nutriomics.

Background: Precision nutrition is based on the integration of individual's phenotypical and biological characteristics including genetic variants, epigenetic marks, gut microbiota profiles, and metabolite fingerprints as well as medical history, lifestyle practices, and environmental and cultural factors. Thus, nutriomics areas including nutrigenomics, nutrigenetics, nutriepigenetics, nutrimetabolomics, and nutrimetagenomics have emerged to comprehensively understand the complex interactions between nutrients, diet, and the human body's molecular processes through precision nutrition.

Summary: This document from the Ibero-American Network of Nutriomics and Precision Nutrition (RINN22; View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Sirtuin Expression in Insulin-Sensitive Tissues of Rats with Impaired Glucose Tolerance is not Affected by Resistance Training or Zinc Supplementation.

While physical activity and zinc supplementation have shown benefits in diabetes management, little is known about their effect on less severe glucose homeostasis disorders, such as impaired glucose tolerance. On the other hand, sirtuins have an important role in glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity, but to date, there is no information about the impact of zinc supplementation or physical activity on their regulation in individuals with impaired glucose homeostasis. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of supplemental zinc, muscle-resistance training, and their combination on the expression of selected sirtuins in insulin-sensitive tissues of rats with impaired glucose tolerance.

Dataset on sub-daily vertical profiles of physicochemical parameters and chlorophyll concentration in El Val reservoir, together with its daily meteorological data, storage state and downstream flow (2018-2022).

The dataset addressed in this article contains parameters about El Val reservoir (province of Zaragoza, Spain). It includes physicochemical variables, the water level, the stored water volume, its meteorological conditions and the flow rate of its effluent, the Queiles River, a few metres downstream of the dam. The El Val reservoir stores water from the Val River, but it also receives water from the Queiles River through a pipeline and from several ravines.

Acute Administration of Calafate (Berberis microphylla) Extract Induces the Expression of Thermogenic Markers and Modulates Gut Microbiota in Mice Fed a High-Fat Chow Diet.

Introduction: Obesity, characterized by excess adipose tissue, is a major public health problem worldwide. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) and beige adipose tissue participate in thermogenesis through uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). Polyphenols including those from Calafate (a native polyphenol-rich Patagonian berry), are considered as potential anti-obesity compounds due to their pro-thermogenic characteristics.

Effects on Fetal Metabolic Programming and Endocannabinoid System of a Normocaloric Diet during Pregnancy and Lactation of Female Mice with Pregestational Obesity.

Fetal programming provides explanatory mechanisms for the currently high prevalence of gestational obesity. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) participates in the regulation of energy balance, and with a high-fat diet (HFD), it is overactivated. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a nutritional intervention during pregnancy and lactation on obese female progenitors, on metabolic alterations of the offspring and on the involvement of ECS.

Targeting Mitochondria for the Prevention and Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Polyphenols as a Non-pharmacological Approach.

Scope: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has a high and growing prevalence globally. Mitochondria are fundamental in regulating cell energy homeostasis. Nevertheless, mitochondria control mechanisms can be exceeded in this context of energy overload.

n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the regulation of adipose tissue browning and thermogenesis in obesity: Potential relationship with gut microbiota.

Background: Obesity is a worldwide public health problem characterized by fat tissue accumulation, favouring adipose tissue and metabolic alterations. Increasing energy expenditure (EE) through brown adipose tissue activation and white adipose tissue (WAT) browning has gained relevance as a therapeutic approach. Different bioactive compounds, such as n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), have been shown to induce those thermogenic effects.

Effects of Polyphenols in Aging and Neurodegeneration Associated with Oxidative Stress.

Aging is defined as the functional loss of tissues and organs over time. This is a biological, irreversible, progressive, and universal process that results from genetic and environmental factors, such as diet, physical activity, smoking, harmful alcohol consumption, and exposure to toxins, among others. Aging is a consequence of molecular and cellular damage built up over time.

[Transhumanism and desire: phenomenological approach].

In this article we approach to understand the presuppositions of the transhumanist current to recognize some of the fundamental and universal notes of human nature that are manifested through its proposals. From the approaches of transhumanism, the human being can be recognized as a yearning being, a being who naturally desires. Moreover, it is recognized that this desire motivates the action of man and that the person is always on the way to perfection, motivated to overcome without limits what reality offers him to fulfill his desire for fulfillment.

Polyphenols and their anti-obesity role mediated by the gut microbiota: a comprehensive review.

Obesity is a global public health problem that results in chronic pathologies such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. The treatment approach based on energy restriction and promotion of physical activity is ineffective in the long term. Due to the high prevalence of this pathology, complementary treatments such as brown adipose tissue activation (BAT) and white adipose tissue browning (WAT) have been proposed.

Microencapsulated pomegranate peel extract induces mitochondrial complex IV activity and prevents mitochondrial cristae alteration in brown adipose tissue in mice fed on a high-fat diet.

Pomegranate peel is an agro-industrial residue obtained after fruit processing with high total polyphenol (TP) content, making it an attractive by-product for its reuse. Pomegranate peel extract (PPE) and its bioactive compounds have shown positive effects on obesity models. Effects on favouring mitochondrial biogenesis and function have also been described.

Zinc Supplementation and Strength Exercise in Rats with Type 2 Diabetes: Akt and PTP1B Phosphorylation in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a metabolic disorder caused by chronic hyperglycemia due to a deficiency in the secretion and/or action of insulin. Zinc (Zn) supplementation and strength exercise increases insulin signaling. We evaluate the effect of Zn supplementation and strength exercise on insulin resistance in the liver of rats with diet-induced T2D through the study of phosphorylation of Akt and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B).

Body fat composition and miR-378 expression profiling in patients with type 1 diabetes.

Purpose: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease that involves genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. Change in body composition is a potential mechanism for explaining the increased incidence of T1D. Micro RNA-378 (miRNA-378) is a positive regulator of adipogenesis that has yet to be studied in such patients.

Overnutrition in Infants Is Associated With High Level of Leptin, Viral Coinfection and Increased Severity of Respiratory Infections: A Cross-Sectional Study.

To investigate the relationship of overnutrition (obese and overweight) with severity of illness in children hospitalized with acute lower respiratory infections (ALRIs), frequency of viral coinfections and leptin levels. We studied 124 children <2 years old that were hospitalized for ALRI. Nutritional status was calculated by z-scores according to weight-for-age z-scores, length or height-for-age z-scores, and weight-for-height z-scores.

A Review of the Potential of Chilean Native Berries in the Treatment of Obesity and its Related Features.

Obesity is a major worldwide health threat. It is characterized by an abnormal adipose tissue overgrowth together with increased monocytes infiltration, causing inflammation and oxidative stress, events associated with several illnesses. Investigations have focused on the benefits of native fruit consumption, claiming these to be natural sources of bioactive compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory characteristics.

[High intensity interval training in teenagers].

This review analyzes the effects of high intensity interval training (HIIT) on muscle and cardiovascular fitness and body composition in teenagers. A search was carried out in international databases, finding 145 papers and selecting five for analysis. In all the reviewed manuscripts, peak oxygen uptake improved after HIIT.

Nutritional and non-nutritional agents that stimulate white adipose tissue browning.

Obesity is a public health problem present in both developed and developing countries. The white adipose tissue (WAT) is the main deposit of lipids when there is an excess of energy. Its pathological growth is directly linked to the development of obesity and to a wide number of comorbidities, such as insulin-resistance, cardiovascular disease, among others.

Expression of miR-155, miR-146a, and miR-326 in T1D patients from Chile: relationship with autoimmunity and inflammatory markers.

Objective The aim of this research was to analyze the expression profile of miR-155, miR-146a, and miR-326 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of 47 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) and 39 control subjects, as well as the possible association with autoimmune or inflammatory markers. Subjects and methods Expression profile of miRs by means of qPCR using TaqMan probes. Autoantibodies and inflammatory markers by ELISA.

miR15a and miR16 in Chilean type 1 diabetes patients: possible association with apoptosis, inflammatory, or autoimmunity markers.

Aim: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the progressive destruction of β cells, mediated by the interaction between T cells and several cytokines. The pathogenesis of T1D has established its possible relationship with miRNAs. In this study, we analyze the expression profile of miR-15a and miR-16 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and their possible association with apoptosis, inflammation, or autoimmunity markers.

miR15a and miR16 in Chilean type 1 diabetes patients: possible association with apoptosis, inflammatory, or autoimmunity markers.

Aim: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the progressive destruction of β cells, mediated by the interaction between T cells and several cytokines. The pathogenesis of T1D has established its possible relationship with miRNAs. In this study, we analyze the expression profile of miR-15a and miR-16 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and their possible association with apoptosis, inflammation, or autoimmunity markers.

Chemically induced hypoxia promotes differential outcomes over preadipocyte- or adipocyte-macrophage communication.

Expansion of white adipose tissue induce insufficient vascularization, driving hypoxia and low-grade inflammation. Resident preadipocytes are thought to be involved. We evaluated the effects of hypoxia over preadipocytes and adipocytes, to determine which cellular type impacts the most over macrophages activation.

[Obesity as a risk factor for complications during acute respiratory infections in children].

Obesity has a high prevalence among children. On the other hand, acute respiratory infections especially of viral origin, are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in this age group. During the recent pandemic of influenza A (H1N1) virus, obesity was identified as a novel independent risk factor for severity multiple markers of the disease.

Epigenetics in type 1 diabetes: TNFa gene promoter methylation status in Chilean patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

TNF-α is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that is involved in type 1 diabetes (T1D) pathogenesis. The TNFa gene is subject of epigenetic regulation in which folate and homocysteine are important molecules because they participate in the methionine cycle where the most important methyl group donor (S-adenosylmethionine) is formed. We investigated whether TNFa gene promoter methylation status in T1D patients was related to blood folate, homocysteine and TNF-α in a transversal case-control study.