Weight Loss After Sleeve Gastrectomy According to Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease Stage in Patients with Obesity: A Liver Biopsy-Based Prospective Study.

Background: The role of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in sleeve gastrectomy (SG)-related outcomes remains uncertain. In this study, we aimed to assess the influence of preoperative biopsy-proven MASLD and its stages on weight loss after SG.

Methods: One hundred sixty-three patients with obesity undergoing SG with concomitant intraoperative liver biopsy were followed up for 1 year.

Methods for causality assessment of idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury.

The diagnosis of idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a challenging task due to the lack of specific features or definitive diagnostic tools. A minimum of clinical and pharmacological information is required, together with laboratory and imaging tests to exclude other causes of liver injury. Several standardized methods have been developed to support clinical judgement and establish causality assessment, the most widely used being the Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method-RUCAM-and structured Expert Opinion.

Rechallenge in idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury: An analysis of cases in two large prospective registries according to existing definitions.

Introduction: Data on positive rechallenge in idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (DILI) are scarce. We aim to analyse the clinical presentation, outcome and drugs associated with positive rechallenge in two DILI registries.

Methods: Cases from the Spanish and Latin American DILI registries were included.

Immobilization of controlled Pu:Am ratio on actinide-specific affinity monolith support developed in capillary and coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.

The objective of this work was to develop an actinide-specific monolithic support in capillary designed to immobilize precise Pu:Am ratios and its coupling to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for immobilized metal affinity chromatography applications. This format offers many advantages, such as reducing the sample amount and waste production, which are of prime importance when dealing with highly active radioelements. Four organic phosphorylated-based monoliths were synthesized in situ through UV photo-polymerization in capillary and characterized.

Hepatitis C virus point-of-care microelimination approach in a vulnerable population in the South of Spain.

Background: Since the introduction of direct-acting antivirals, thousands of chronic hepatitis C patients have been successfully treated. However, vulnerable populations have a higher prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and face barriers that impede their access to antivirals. We carried out an HCV microelimination program focused on vulnerable population groups in Malaga.

Prior drug allergies are associated with worse outcome in patients with idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury: A machine learning approach for risk stratification.

The impact of prior drug allergies (PDA) on the clinical features and outcomes of patients who develop idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is largely unknown. We aimed to assess the clinical presentation and outcomes of DILI patients based on the presence or absence of PDA and explore the association between culprit drugs responsible for DILI and allergy. We analysed a well-vetted cohort of DILI cases enrolled from the Spanish DILI Registry.

Determining the selectivity of a tetra-phosphorylated biomimetic peptide towards uranium in the presence of competing cations through the simultaneous coupling of HILIC to ESI-MS and ICP-MS.

A cyclic tetra-phosphorylated biomimetic peptide (pS1368) has been proposed as a promising starting structure to design a decorporating agent of uranyl (UO) due to its affinity being similar to that of osteopontin (OPN), a target UO protein in vivo. The determination of this peptide's selectivity towards UO in the presence of competing endogenous elements is also crucial to validate this hypothesis. In this context, the selectivity of pS1368 towards UO in the presence of Ca, Cu and Zn was determined by applying the simultaneous coupling of hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) to electrospray ionization (ESI-MS) and inductively coupled plasma (ICP-MS) mass spectrometry.

Clinical presentation, causative drugs and outcome of patients with autoimmune features in two prospective DILI registries.

Background & Aims: Idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (DILI) with autoimmune features is a liver condition with laboratory and histological characteristics similar to those of idiopathic autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), which despite being increasingly reported, remains largely undefined. We aimed to describe in-depth the features of this entity in a large series of patients from two prospective DILI registries.

Methods: DILI cases with autoimmune features collected in the Spanish DILI Registry and the Latin American DILI Network were compared with DILI patients without autoimmune features and with an independent cohort of patients with AIH.

Nomenclature, diagnosis and management of drug-induced autoimmune-like hepatitis (DI-ALH): An expert opinion meeting report.

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) can mimic almost all other liver disorders. A phenotype increasingly ascribed to drugs is autoimmune-like hepatitis (ALH). This article summarises the major topics discussed at a joint International Conference held between the Drug-Induced Liver Injury consortium and the International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group.

Membrane Vesicles of Toxigenic Affect the Metabolism of Liver HepG2 Cells.

infection (CDI) appears to be associated with different liver diseases. secretes membrane vesicles (MVs), which may be involved in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NALFD) and drug-induced liver injury (DILI). In this study, we investigated the presence of -derived MVs in patients with and without CDI, and analyzed their effects on pathways related to NAFLD and DILI in HepG2 cells.

Evaluation of diagnostic and prognostic candidate biomarkers in drug-induced liver injury vs. other forms of acute liver damage.

Aims: Detection and characterization of idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (DILI) currently rely on standard liver tests, which are suboptimal in terms of specificity, sensitivity and prognosis. Therefore, DILI diagnosis can be delayed, with important consequences for the patient. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the potential of osteopontin, cytokeratin-18 (caspase-cleaved: ccK18 and total: K18), α-glutathione-S-transferase and microRNA-122 as new DILI biomarkers.

Determination of the affinity of biomimetic peptides for uranium through the simultaneous coupling of HILIC to ESI-MS and ICP-MS.

Several proteins have been identified in the past decades as targets of uranyl (UO) in vivo. However, the molecular interactions responsible for this affinity are still poorly known which requires the identification of the UO coordination sites in these proteins. Biomimetic peptides are efficient chemical tools to characterize these sites.

The influence of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on in-hospital mortality in a gastroenterology service.

Introduction: The pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has drastically changed the global health landscape. Our objective was to verify if, after the start of the pandemic, there was an increase in in-hospital mortality in patients admitted to a Gastroenterology Service of a 3rd level hospital.

Material And Methods: The 1039 admissions registered at the Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital in Malaga (Spain) were retrospectively analysed in the period between 1 December 2019 and 30 November 2020 (12 months), which were divided into 4 quarters (pre-wave, first wave, inter-wave and second wave) and mortality and other variables (globally and by disease group) were analysed.

Recreational Drugs and the Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Recreational or aesthetic drug use is a distinctive behavior of humans, principally attested in the last century. It is known that recreational and illegal drugs are major contributors to the universal morbidity rate worldwide. Many of these substances have a well-established hepatotoxic potential, causing acute or chronic liver injury, liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, but their implications for hepatocellular carcinoma or other varieties of liver tumors are little known.

Microbiota diversity in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and in drug-induced liver injury.

The gut microbiota could play a significant role in the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, its relevance in drug-induced liver injury (DILI) remains unexplored. Since the two hepatic disorders may share damage pathways, we analysed the metagenomic profile of the gut microbiota in NAFLD, with or without significant liver fibrosis, and in DILI, and we identified the main associated bacterial metabolic pathways. In the NAFLD group, we found a decrease in Alistipes, Barnesiella, Eisenbergiella, Flavonifractor, Fusicatenibacter, Gemminger, Intestinimonas, Oscillibacter, Parasutterella, Saccharoferementans and Subdoligranulum abundances compared with those in both the DILI and control groups.

Management of Pharmacologic Adverse Effects in Advanced Liver Disease.

As a consequence of the altered hepatic architecture in advanced liver disease, drug metabolism is modified by changes in pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, leading to the appearance of adverse effects and drug interactions and increasing the risk of over- or underdosing of medications. However, there are no tests that accurately determine the degree of impairment of liver metabolic function; therefore, general recommendations are established based on the degree of hepatic extraction, degree of hepatic metabolism, and degree of protein binding. Although the hepatic toxicity of some frequently used drugs, such as acetaminophen, is well known, many health care professionals are unaware or not fully aware of the deleterious effects that other drugs can have on patients with advanced liver injury, as is the case for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Differential iNKT and T Cells Activation in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Drug-Induced Liver Injury.

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (DILI) could share molecular mechanisms involving the immune system. We aimed to identify activation immunological biomarkers in invariant natural killer T (iNKT) and CD4/CD8+ T cells in NAFLD and DILI.

Methods: We analyzed the activation profile (CD69, CD25, and HLA-DR) and natural killer group 2 member D (NKG2D) on iNKT cells, and CD4/CD8 T cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from NAFLD, with or without significant liver fibrosis, and DILI patients.

Hypocitraturia is present when renal function is impaired in diverse nephropathies and is not related with serum bicarbonate levels.

Background: In autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) it is frequently found a reduction in urinary citrate of unknown origin. It has been suggested that it could be a marker of acid retention in chronic kidney disease. Our aim was to compare urinary citrate in ADPKD with other nephropathies and to show its relation with serum bicarbonate.

Lymphocyte Profile and Immune Checkpoint Expression in Drug-Induced Liver Injury: An Immunophenotyping Study.

The identification of specific HLA risk alleles in drug-induced liver injury (DILI) points toward an important role of the adaptive immune system in DILI development. In this study, we aimed to corroborate the role of an adaptive immune response in DILI through immunophenotyping of leukocyte populations and immune checkpoint expressions. Blood samples were collected from adjudicated DILI (n = 12), acute viral hepatitis (VH; n = 13), acute autoimmune hepatitis (AIH; n = 9), and acute liver injury of unknown etiology (n = 15) at day 1 (recognition), day 7, and day >30.

Safety of treating acute liver injury and failure.

Introduction: Acute liver injury and progression to acute liver failure can be life-threatening conditions that require prompt careful clinical assessment and therapeutic management.

Areas Covered: The aim of this article is to review the safety and side effect profile of pharmacological therapies used in the treatment of acute liver injury with specific focus on hepatic toxicity. We performed an extensive literature search with the terms 'acute liver injury,' 'acute liver failure,' 'therapy,' 'safety,' 'adverse reactions' and 'drug induced liver injury.