Endoscopic submucosal dissection for the treatment of gastrointestinal neoplasia in a tertiary-care center in Mexico.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the experience of using endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), a technique considered as first-line of treatment, for the management of early neoplastic lesions (ENL), and subepithelial lesions (SEL) < 4 cms in size, in a tertiary-care, high-volume medical center in Mexico.

Method: Patients > 18 years-old, candidates to ESD with ENL and SMT, between January 2008 and October 2022 were included.

Results: ESD was performed in 246 patients (137 ENL and 109 SMT), 52.

Exploring and Analyzing the Systemic Delivery Barriers for Nanoparticles.

Most nanomedicines require efficient delivery to elicit diagnostic and therapeutic effects. However, en route to their intended tissues, systemically administered nanoparticles often encounter delivery barriers. To describe these barriers, we propose the term "nanoparticle blood removal pathways" (NBRP), which summarizes the interactions between nanoparticles and the body's various cell-dependent and cell-independent blood clearance mechanisms.

The Pharmacokinetics of CPZEN-45, a Novel Anti-Tuberculosis Drug, in Guinea Pigs.

CPZEN-45 is a novel compound with activity against drug-susceptible and drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB). The present study was undertaken to determine the best dose and dosing regimen of inhalable CPZEN-45 powders to use in efficacy studies with TB-infected guinea pigs. The disposition of CPZEN-45 after intravenous, subcutaneous (SC), and direct pulmonary administration (INS) was first determined to obtain their basal pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters.

Designing Aerosol Therapies Based on the Integrated Evaluation of In Vitro, In Vivo, and In Silico Data.

Despite the advantages of the pulmonary route of administration and inhalable dosage forms, other routes of administration and dosage forms are often considered first to treat lung diseases. This occurs, in part, due to the perceived limitations of inhaled therapies resulting from the improper design and interpretation of their in vitro and in vivo evaluation. The present study outlines the elements that should be considered in the design, performance, and interpretation of the results of the preclinical evaluation of novel inhaled therapies.

Understanding of Ovarian Cancer Cell-Derived Exosome Tropism for Future Therapeutic Applications.

Exosomes, a subtype of extracellular vesicles, ranging from 50 to 200 nm in diameter, and mediate cell-to-cell communication in normal biological and pathological processes. Exosomes derived from tumors have multiple functions in cancer progression, resistance, and metastasis through cancer exosome-derived tropism. However, there is no quantitative information on cancer exosome-derived tropism.

Which model of small bowel capsule endoscopy has a better diagnostic yield? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background And Study Aims: Small-bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE) is a safe and efficient method for diagnosis of small-bowel diseases. Since its development, different models have appeared. The aim of this study was to analyze which of the different models of SBCE has the best diagnostic yield.

Predictive value of patency capsule and magnetic resonance enterography for capsule endoscopy retention in patients with established Crohn's disease.

Introduction: retention is the most common adverse event of the small bowel capsule endoscopy procedure. Patency capsule (Medtronic, Dublin, Ireland) and magnetic resonance enterography are two diagnostic methods that can prevent small bowel capsule endoscopy retention. The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of these two diagnostic methods.

Assessment of the Role of a Second Evaluation of Capsule Endoscopy Recordings to Improve Diagnostic Yield and Patient Management.

Introduction: The diagnostic yield (DY) of small-bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE) varies considerably according to its indication. Some strategies have been used to increase DY with varying results. The intention of this study was to identify whether evaluation of the SBCE recordings by a second reviewer can increase DY and change patient management.

Efficacy of Combined Rifampicin Formulations Delivered by the Pulmonary Route to Treat Tuberculosis in the Guinea Pig Model.

Liposomes, as vehicles alone or in combination with rifampicin (RIF) microparticles (RMs), were evaluated as vehicles to enhance the permeation of RIF into granulomas. RIF liposomes (RLs) were extruded through a 0.1 µm polypropylene membrane.

Can topical epinephrine application to the papilla prevent pancreatitis after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography? Results from a double blind, multicentre, placebo controlled, randomised clinical trial.

Background And Study Aims: Post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis (PEP) is a complication associated with important morbidity, occasional mortality and high costs. Preventive strategies are suboptimal as PEP continues to affect 4% to 9% of patients. Spraying epinephrine on the papilla may decrease oedema and prevent PEP.

Feasibility of using an led-probe in third-space endoscopy: a clinical study.

Background: Third-space endoscopy is a novel, safe, and effective method for treating different gastrointestinal conditions. However, several failed endoscopic procedures are attributed to incomplete myotomy. Lighting devices are used to prevent organic injuries.

Clinical feasibility of a new antireflux ablation therapy on gastroesophageal reflux disease (with video).

Backgrounds And Aims: New mucosal resective and ablative endoscopic procedures based on gastric cardiac remodeling to prevent reflux have appeared. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of a new ablative technique named antireflux ablation therapy (ARAT) for control of GERD in patients without hiatal hernia.

Methods: Patients with proton pump inhibitor (PPI)-refractory GERD without hiatal hernia underwent ARAT between January 2016 and October 2019.

Predictors for finding lesions in the small bowel by enteroscopy after a positive capsule endoscopy.

Introduction: studies have examined the agreement between capsule endoscopy and double-balloon enteroscopy, with varying results. The aim of this study was to identify factors that predict the visualization of lesions in the small bowel by double-balloon enteroscopy after a positive capsule endoscopy.

Methods: a retrospective, observational and comparative study was performed that evaluated patients that underwent double-balloon enteroscopy after a positive capsule endoscopy, between January 2017 and August 2019.

Conventional clips vs over-the-scope-clips for the closure of the entry site in POEM and G-POEM procedures.

Background: new alternatives for entry site closure (ESC) in per-oral endoscopy myotomy (POEM) and gastric peroral endoscopy myotomy (G-POEM) have appeared.

Objective: to compare the over-the-scope-clip (OTSC®) and conventional clips (CC) for ESC in POEM and G-POEM.

Material And Methods: a retrospective review of a prospective POEM and G-POEM database was performed between January 2015 and August 2019.

Vaginal Suppositories Containing SHetA2 to Treat Cervical Dysplasia: Pharmacokinetics of Daily Doses and Preliminary Safety Profile.

SHetA2 is a new drug with potential to treat cervical dysplasia, but only 0.02% of the dose is absorbed into the cervix after oral administration. By contrast, 23.

Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling and Tissue Distribution Characteristics of SHetA2 in Tumor-Bearing Mice.

The orally available novel small molecule SHetA2 is the lead sulfur-containing heteroarotinoid that selectively inhibits cancer cells over normal cells, and is currently under clinical development for anticancer treatment and cancer prevention. The objective of this study was to assess and characterize the tissue distribution of SHetA2 in tumor-bearing mice by developing a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model. An orthotopic SKOV3 ovarian cancer xenograft mouse model was used to most accurately mimic the ovarian cancer tumor microenvironment in the peritoneal cavity.

Development and validation of a reverse phase HPLC method for SHetA2, a novel anti-cancer drug, in mouse biological samples.

SHetA2 is a flexible heteroarotinoid that has the potential to prevent and treat lung, ovarian and cervical cancer without significant toxicity. A simple and reliable high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed to determine SHetA2 concentrations in the lungs, reproductive organs and plasma of mice. SHetA2 was extracted from these biological matrices by solid phase and liquid-liquid extraction in the presence of 4% HPO and acetonitrile followed by filtration through a Captiva filtration plate.

Cryogenic Fabrication of Dry Powders to Enhance the Solubility of a Promising Anticancer Drug, SHetA2, for Oral Administration.

SHetA2 is a novel anticancer drug with poor aqueous solubility. In formal toxicological studies, Kolliphor HS 15 was used as a solubilizing agent to increase the oral bioavailability of SHetA2. The purpose of this study was to formulate SHetA2 and Kolliphor HS 15 as solid powders to facilitate their filling in hard gelatin capsules for clinical trials.

Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Escalating Doses of SHetA2 After Vaginal Administration to Mice.

SHetA2 is a novel compound with strong potential to treat cervical dysplasia, but its low aqueous solubility limits its oral bioavailability. A vaginal suppository achieved SHetA2 cervix concentrations that were severalfold above the predicted therapeutic levels. Thus, we aimed at determining the minimum dose that would achieve SHetA2 therapeutic levels while reducing cyclin D1 levels, the pharmacodynamic end point.

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of high doses of inhaled dry powder drugs.

For many years, administration of drugs by inhalation has been the mainstay treatment for obstructive respiratory disorders such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Antibiotics and other drugs have been administered for decades as aerosols to treat other pulmonary disease in a clinical setting, but it was until the early 1980's that colistin was formally marketed as a solution for nebulization in Europe (Colomycin, Pharmax, Bexley). The solubility of other drugs and the size of the dose required to achieve therapeutic concentrations at the site of action, made treatment times long and difficult to be performed at home.

Influence of the estrus cycle of the mouse on the disposition of SHetA2 after vaginal administration.

SHetA2 is a novel compound with the potential to treat cervical dysplasia, but has poor water solubility. A vaginal suppository formulation was able to achieve therapeutic concentrations in the cervix of mice, but these concentrations were variable. Histological analysis indicated that mice in the same group were in different stages of their estrous cycle, which is known to induce anatomical changes in their gynecological tissues.

Development of a dietary formulation of the SHetA2 chemoprevention drug for mice.

Development of cancer chemoprevention compounds requires enhanced consideration for toxicity and route of administration because the target population is healthy. The small molecule drug, SHetA2 (NSC 726189), exhibited in vivo chemoprevention activity and lack of toxicity when administered by oral gavage. Our objective was to determine if a dietary formulation of SHetA2 could achieve effective tissue drug levels without toxicity.