[Overweight and obesity in children aged 5-11 years in Mexico - Why is necessary an interdisciplinary approach?].

Introduction: overweight and obesity in children are serious public health problems in Mexico. Objective: to analyze the behavior of the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children from 5 to 11 years of age and to present projections on the prevalence for the period 2022-2026. Methodology: ecological and retrospective study whose units of analysis were groups of children of Mexico with overweight and obesity in the period 1999-2021, according to information collected from six National Health and Nutrition Surveys.

A review from 1996 to 2021 of tuning methodologies and controller structures applied for an unstable/stable (bio)reactor with imperfect mixing and bypass.

This paper presents a critical review of tuning methodologies and controller structures applied to the Cholette bioreactor. This (bio)reactor has been studied extensively by the automatic control community from the point of view of controller structures and tuning methodologies, from controllers with a single structure to nonlinear controllers, and from the synthesis method to the frequency response. Therefore, new trends and opportunities of study have been detected with regard to their operating points, controller structures and tuning methodologies which could be addressed for this system.

Analysis of open-loop and L∕D controlled closed-loop behavior of the Cholette's bioreactor under different operating conditions.

The scope of this paper is the analysis of open-loop and L/D controlled closed-loop behavior of the Cholette's bioreactor under different operating conditions. The open-loop behavior is studied by means of the steady-state multiplicity areas formed by substrate feed concentration and substrate concentration in the output using the nonlinear model of the bioreactor. The stability of each steady-state inside areas is determined by a polynomial representation.

Even non-experts identify non-dysplastic lesions in inflammatory bowel disease via chromoendoscopy: results of a screening program in real-life.

 Chromoendoscopy with targeted biopsy is the technique of choice for colorectal cancer screening in longstanding inflammatory bowel disease. We aimed to analyze results of a chromoendoscopy screening program and to assess the possibility of identifying low-risk dysplastic lesions by their endoscopic appearance in order to avoid histological analysis.  We retrospectively reviewed chromoendoscopies performed between February 2011 and June 2017 in seven Spanish hospitals in a standardized fashion.

Effect of repeated frying on the physical characteristics, the formation of acrylamide and oil uptake of tortilla chips subjected to pre-drying treatment.

Even though snacks such as tortilla chips are gaining popularity, the high intake of these products may cause problems related to their fat and acrylamide content. In consequence, this study is aimed at evaluating the effect of pre-fry drying on the absorption of oil, physicochemical characteristics and formation of acrylamide in corn tortilla chips fried in ten batches. Pre-drying was carried out at 40 °C, 50 °C and 60 °C and two air velocities (1.

Risk assessment of exposure to mycotoxins (aflatoxins and fumonisins) through corn tortilla intake in Veracruz City (Mexico).

This study aimed to assess aflatoxin and fumonisin intake through corn tortilla consumption in Veracruz city. Between October 2013 and February 2015, a total of 120 corn tortilla samples (2 kg samples, 40 samples per year) were randomly collected. Aflatoxins and fumonisins were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with a fluorescence detector.

A clinical trial comparing propofol versus propofol plus midazolam in diagnostic endoscopy of patients with a low anesthetic risk.

Background And Objectives: propofol and midazolam are two of the most commonly used sedatives in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGE). The objective of this study was to evaluate these two sedation regimens administered to patients who underwent an UGE with regard to security, efficiency, quality of exploration and patient response.

Patients And Methods: a prospective, randomized and double-blind study was performed which included 83 patients between 18 and 80 years of age of a low anesthetic risk (ASA - American Society of Anesthesiologists- I-II) who underwent a diagnostic UGE.

Inactivation of the microbiota and effect on the quality attributes of pineapple juice using a continuous flow ultrasound-assisted supercritical carbon dioxide system.

Supercritical carbon dioxide inactivation technology represents a promising nonthermal processing method, as it causes minimum impact on the nutritional food properties. The aim of this study was to analyze the combined effect of supercritical carbon dioxide and high-power ultrasound on the inactivation of natural microbiota and the quality attributes of pineapple juice treated in a continuous flow system. Different juice residence times (3.

Assessment of Aflatoxin M1 and M2 exposure risk through Oaxaca cheese consumption in southeastern Mexico.

The present study evaluated the exposure of Southeast Mexican population to Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) and M2 (AFM2) through the consumption of Oaxaca cheese. The intake of Oaxaca cheese was assessed via a food 7-day dairy questionnaire (N = 1100, 2014 and 2015). Thirty Oaxaca cheeses were randomly sampled, and the origin of the samples was also investigated.

Design of multiloop PI controllers based on quadratic optimal approach.

The LQR methodology is extended to produce multiloop PI controllers in this study. With this method, a multivariable P controller is first obtained and then diagonalized using an iterative procedure. The resulting controller is further complemented with the integral action in a similar process.

Oral Cyanocobalamin is Effective in the Treatment of Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Crohn's Disease.

Cobalamin deficiency is common in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). Intramuscular cobalamin continues to be the standard therapy for the deficiency and maintenance treatment in these patients, although oral route has been demonstrated to be effective in other pathologies with impaired absorption. Our aims were to evaluate the efficacy of oral therapy in the treatment of cobalamin deficiency and in long-term maintenance in patients with Crohn's disease.

Statistical analysis of corn consumption for improved mycotoxin exposure estimates for the population of Veracruz City, Mexico.

Corn consumption was evaluated in the population of Veracruz City, Mexico, through two different dietary intake questionnaires. The selection of 300 sampling locations was completely random. The population was segregated into gender and age categories.

Risk factors for tuberculosis in inflammatory bowel disease: anti-tumor necrosis factor and hospitalization.

Aims: To determine risk factors for active tuberculosis in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases.

Methods: Retrospective, case-control study at 4 referral hospitals in Spain. Cases developed tuberculosis after a diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease.

[Efficacy and effectiveness of biologic therapy in inflammatory bowel disease. EFIFECT study].

Introduction: Randomized controlled trials provide the best scientific evidence for the efficacy of biological drugs in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, findings obtained from these trials might not be reproducible in clinical practice. This study aimed to estimate the percentage of patients with IBD treated with biologics who would have been eligible for randomized controlled trials, and to compare the theoretical efficacy of biological drugs with their effectiveness in clinical practice.

Relationship between fermentation index and other biochemical changes evaluated during the fermentation of Mexican cocoa (Theobroma cacao) beans.

Background: During traditional cocoa processing, the end of fermentation is empirically determined by the workers; consequently, a high variability on the quality of fermented cocoa beans is observed. Some physicochemical properties (such as fermentation index) have been used to measure the degree of fermentation and changes in quality, but only after the fermentation process has concluded, using dried cocoa beans. This would suggest that it is necessary to establish a relationship between the chemical changes inside the cocoa bean and the fermentation conditions during the fermentation in order to standardize the process.

[Clinicopathologic features of colonic perineuriomas].

Intestinal perineuriomas are uncommon tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. In this study, we analyzed the clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features of nine colonic perineuriomas. Five patients were women and four were men (median age 59.

Brewery wastewater treatment using anaerobic inverse fluidized bed reactors.

Two anaerobic inverse fluidized bed reactors were utilized to evaluate organic matter removal from brewery wastewater, applying different OLR and testing two support materials. Hydrodynamic tests varying liquid flow and solid concentration were developed on the supports in order to establish operational conditions. A batch colonization stage was applied using 25% active volume of extendosphere and triturated polyethylene as support materials.

Simultaneous removal of carbon and nitrogen in an anaerobic inverse fluidized bed reactor.

The evaluation of simultaneous removal of carbon and nitrogen in an anaerobic inverse fluidized bed reactor is described. Continuous and batch experiments were used, with synthetic wastewater and glucose as the carbon source with two different nitrate concentrations of 100 and 250 mg N-NO3/L. The evolution of substrates and the concentrations of intermediary products in the gas phase were followed.

Effect of physical factors on the production of bacteriocin from Pediococcus acidilactici ITV 26.

The effect of pH, temperature and agitation on growth and bacteriocin production by Pediococcus acidilactici ITV 126 was investigated. Experiments were made in flasks containing MRS medium at 30 to 40 degrees C, pH 5 to 7 and agitation 0 to 200 rpm. Factor levels were arranged in a 2(3) factorial design with central and axial points.