Knowledge-based recommender systems: overview and research directions.

Recommender systems are decision support systems that help users to identify items of relevance from a potentially large set of alternatives. In contrast to the mainstream recommendation approaches of collaborative filtering and content-based filtering, knowledge-based recommenders exploit semantic user preference knowledge, item knowledge, and recommendation knowledge, to identify user-relevant items which is of specific relevance when dealing with complex and high-involvement items. Such recommenders are primarily applied in scenarios where users specify (and revise) their preferences, and related recommendations are determined on the basis of constraints or attribute-level similarity metrics.

Recommender systems for sustainability: overview and research issues.

Sustainability development goals (SDGs) are regarded as a universal call to action with the overall objectives of planet protection, ending of poverty, and ensuring peace and prosperity for all people. In order to achieve these objectives, different AI technologies play a major role. Specifically, recommender systems can provide support for organizations and individuals to achieve the defined goals.

Safety and Adverse Events of Medialization Thyroplasty: A Systematic Review.

Introduction: Unilateral vocal fold paralysis or paresis (UVFP) is a condition that causes significant morbidity due to dysphonia, dysphagia, and aspiration. Type I medialization thyroplasty (MT) is the current mainstay surgical treatment for UVFP. Though widely considered a safe procedure, concerns exist over possible airway complications which can lead to overnight observation.

Implications of Caspase 1/ Interleukin-1 Beta (IL-1β) Signaling and Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1-Alpha (HIF-1α) on Diabetic Retinopathy Pathology.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of adult blindness and partial vision loss in modern society for hyperglycemic patients. Accordingly, new treatment options are imperative to the overall reduction of DR prevalence and the ongoing progression of already affected candidates. There are many diseases that are the direct result of specific inflammatory processes.

Treatments for Age-related Vocal Atrophy: A Systematic Review.

Objective: Age-related vocal atrophy (ARVA) can dramatically affect voice, communication, and quality of life. The objectives of this systematic review were to (1) determine whether treatments for ARVA were superior to controls (2) compare the relative efficacy of procedural and behavioral treatments (3) review the various types of outcome measures, and (4) evaluate the quality of studies.

Review Methods: The literature was searched using strategies designed by a medical librarian (2/18/21, updated 3/9/22).

Broadly neutralizing antibody-mediated protection against simian-HIV infection among macaques with vaginal sexually transmitted infections.

Objective: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) increase mucosal HIV infection risk and have the potential to reduce preexposure prophylaxis efficacy. Clinical trials of a broadly neutralizing antibody (bNAb) provided proof-of-concept that passive immunization against HIV can be efficacious in people. We sought to evaluate preclinically the protective efficacy of passive bNAb immunization against simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) infection in the context of concurrent vaginal STIs.

Dynamics of lidocaine in topical anesthesia for office-based laryngeal procedures: A pilot study.

Objectives: To study topical lidocaine for office-based laryngeal procedures recording onset, duration, and subjective experience of topical anesthesia.

Study Design: Nine healthy volunteers were anesthetized with 4 % lidocaine endoscopically. Laryngeal sensitivity prior to and during anesthesia was recorded until normal sensation returned measured by air-puff sensory testing.

Safety and Predictors of 30-Day Adverse Events of Laryngeal Framework Surgery: An Analysis of ACS-NSQIP data.

Objectives/hypothesis: To characterize and identify predictors of 30-day adverse events in patients undergoing laryngeal framework surgery (LFS).

Study Design: This study is a retrospective analysis of the National Surgical Quality Improvement dataset.

Methods: LFS cases were identified from the American College of Surgeons-National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database from 2008 to 2018.

Assessing the Clinical Utility of the Early Postoperative Pharyngogram in Hypopharyngeal Surgery for Dysphagia.

Objectives/hypothesis: To evaluate the clinical utility of postoperative contrast x-ray pharyngograms (XRP) for detecting pharyngoesophageal leaks following hypopharyngeal dysphagia surgery.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Methods: Medical records were reviewed of patients undergoing endoscopic (E-) or open (O-) Zenker's diverticulectomy (-ZD) with cricopharyngeal myotomy (-CPM) and CPM alone from 2008 to 2020 at one academic institution.

Broadly neutralizing antibody-mediated protection of macaques against repeated intravenous exposures to simian-human immunodeficiency virus.

Objective: The opioid epidemic has increased parentally acquired HIV infection. To inform the development of a long-acting prevention strategy, we evaluated the protective efficacy of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) against intravenous simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) infection in macaques.

Design: Five cynomolgus macaques were injected once subcutaneously with 10-1074 and 3BNC117 (10 mg each kg-1) and were repeatedly challenged intravenously once weekly with SHIVAD8-EO (130 TCID50), until infection was confirmed via plasma viral load assay.

Prospective Randomized Trial Comparing Opioids versus Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs for Postoperative Analgesia in Outpatient Rhinoplasty.

Background: The misuse and abuse of opioids, including overprescription, has led to the current opioid epidemic and national crisis. There is a national effort to eliminate the unnecessary prescription of opioids for analgesia.

Methods: Seventy patients were randomized to receive postoperative analgesia with either 5 mg hydrocodone with 325 mg acetaminophen (opioid control group) or 400 mg of ibuprofen [nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) experimental group].

Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis Office versus Operating Room: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objectives: Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis can be treated in the office or operating room (OR). The choice of treatment is based on several factors, including patient and surgeon preference. However, there is little data to guide the decision-making.

Durable protection against repeated penile exposures to simian-human immunodeficiency virus by broadly neutralizing antibodies.

Penile acquisition of HIV accounts for most infections among men globally. Nevertheless, candidate HIV interventions for men advance to clinical trials without preclinical efficacy data, due primarily to a paucity of relevant animal models of penile HIV infection. Using our recently developed macaque model, we show that a single subcutaneous administration of broadly neutralizing antibody (bNAb) 10-1074 conferred durable protection against repeated penile exposures to simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV).

Management of Iatrogenic Cervical Esophageal Perforations: A Narrative Review.

Importance: Esophageal perforations are difficult to diagnose and have a high mortality rate. Cervical esophageal perforations (CEPs) are the second most common anatomic type of esophageal perforations and are most often due to iatrogenic injury. They are often managed more conservatively than thoracic perforations.

Long-Acting Cabotegravir Protects Macaques Against Repeated Penile Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Exposures.

We used a novel penile simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) transmission model to investigate whether long-acting cabotegravir (CAB LA) prevents penile SHIV acquisition in macaques. Twenty-two macaques were exposed to SHIV via the foreskin and urethra once weekly for 12 weeks. Of these, 6 received human-equivalent doses of CAB LA, 6 received oral emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, and 10 were untreated.

Decreased Tongue Volume Post Radiation.

Objectives: To evaluate volume changes within the tongue post chemoradiation therapy (CRT).

Study Design: Retrospective review.

Setting: Academic Medical Center.

Implementation of a three-tiered approach to identify and characterize anti-drug antibodies raised against HIV-specific broadly neutralizing antibodies.

The ability to detect, quantify, and interrogate the properties of immune responses raised against biological therapeutics is not only important to our understanding of these molecules, but also to their success in the clinic. A tiered assay approach to identify the presence, specificity, and titer of anti-drug antibody (ADA) responses has been adopted as a gold standard by industry leaders, the FDA, and the EMA. In order to support pre-clinical and clinical trials, these assays must be standardized, and their performance sufficiently characterized to ensure the accuracy and reproducibility of results under relevant testing conditions.

Optimization and qualification of a functional anti-drug antibody assay for HIV-1 bnAbs.

The recent identification of human monoclonal antibodies with broad and potent neutralizing activity against HIV-1 (bnAbs) has resulted in substantial efforts to develop these molecules for clinical use in the prevention and treatment of HIV-1 infection. As with any protein therapeutic drug product, it is imperative to have qualified assays that can accurately detect and quantify anti-drug antibodies (ADA) that may develop in patients receiving passive administration of HIV-1 bnAbs. Here, we have optimized and qualified a functional assay to assess the potential of ADA to inhibit the neutralizing function of HIV-1 bnAbs.

Improving On-time Discharge in Otolaryngology Admissions.

Objective: We conducted a quality improvement project to increase the rate of discharges before noon (DBN) in the otolaryngology department at a tertiary care center.

Methods: Based on a Plan-Do-Study-Act framework, monthly discharge data and observed-to-expected (O:E) length of stay were collected and shared with the department members monthly. A target of 43% DBN was predetermined by the center (Plan).

A Novel, Minimally Invasive Approach to Replacing Missing Teeth: Two Case Reports.

For the replacement of missing teeth, resin-bonded fixed partial dentures (RBFPDs) are a routine, minimally invasive option clinicians can use on patients who either cannot or will not move forward with surgical interventions. Advances in materials and design have greatly improved the longevity and prognoses for these prostheses. In some patients, however, debonding remains a clinical problem.

Laryngeal distribution of adult-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis: A longitudinal study.

Objectives/hypothesis: To describe recurrence patterns in patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) following surgical intervention.

Study Design: Single-center, retrospective, longitudinal case series.

Methods: Initial and follow-up laryngoscopic examinations of seven previously untreated adult-onset RRP patients were reviewed.

Medical Information Literacy Q-Bank: A Collaborative and Developing Project.

With the inclusion of medical informatics and information literacy skills in required core competencies, medical librarians are teaching courses in medical informatics and information literacy that require formal assessment. Librarians from three osteopathic universities surveyed osteopathic medical libraries to find out how many librarians are teaching formalized courses in the curriculum, how many librarians are writing formal medical test questions on medical informatics and/or information literacy topics, and whether there is any interest in creating a shared question bank of medical library test questions.