Clinical characteristics of hospitalized male adolescents and young adults with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID).

Background: Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) may result in significant medical sequelae. Compared to youth with eating disorders like anorexia nervosa (AN), youth with ARFID tend to be younger and are more likely to be male. We aim to describe sex differences in clinical characteristics of youth hospitalized for medical complications of ARFID and compare their characteristics with youth hospitalized for anorexia nervosa.

Candidate genes associated with fatty acid compositions in north American Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar).

Fatty acids are a requirement for normal development, however, since humans are unable to de novo produce essential fatty acids, they must be obtained from diet. Atlantic salmon is a major dietary source of nutritious and digestible fatty acids. Here, we set out to uncover the genomic basis of individual fatty acids and indices (saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, n-3, and n-6) in 208 North American Atlantic salmon, to understand selection potential toward increasing relative quantities of essential fatty acids and to identify candidate genes for future research.

On Angles in Higher Order Brillouin Tessellations and Related Tilings in the Plane.

For a locally finite set in , the order- Brillouin tessellations form an infinite sequence of convex face-to-face tilings of the plane. If the set is coarsely dense and generic, then the corresponding infinite sequences of minimum and maximum angles are both monotonic in . As an example, a stationary Poisson point process in is locally finite, coarsely dense, and generic with probability one.

Functional insights of novel Bathyarchaeia reveal metabolic versatility in their role in peatlands of the Peruvian Amazon.

Unlabelled: The decomposition of soil organic carbon within tropical peatlands is influenced by the functional composition of the microbial community. In this study, building upon our previous work, we recovered a total of 28 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) classified as Bathyarchaeia from the tropical peatlands of the Pastaza-Marañón Foreland Basin (PMFB) in the Amazon. Using phylogenomic analyses, we identified nine genus-level clades to have representatives from the PMFB, with four forming a putative novel family (" Paludivitaceae") endemic to peatlands.

Microbial occurrence and symbiont detection in a global sample of lichen metagenomes.

In lichen research, metagenomes are increasingly being used for evaluating symbiont composition and metabolic potential, but the overall content and limitations of these metagenomes have not been assessed. We reassembled over 400 publicly available metagenomes, generated metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), constructed phylogenomic trees, and mapped MAG occurrence and frequency across the data set. Ninety-seven percent of the 1,000 recovered MAGs were bacterial or the fungal symbiont that provides most cellular mass.

Creeping Cold Nodules: Ascending Lower Extremity Nodules in an Immunocompromised Patient.

Non-tuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) infection can cause a broad range of pathology, especially in an immunocompromised patient. We report a case of ascending lower extremity nodules in a renal transplant patient that were found to be caused by , an NTM. We discuss the clinical evaluation and workup of this patient and why NTM infections may require a high degree of clinical suspicion to properly diagnose and treat.

Large-scale prediction of outer-membrane multiheme cytochromes uncovers hidden diversity of electroactive bacteria and underlying pathways.

Multi-heme cytochromes (MHCs), together with accessory proteins like porins and periplasmic cytochromes, enable microbes to transport electrons between the cytoplasmic membrane and extracellular substrates (e.g., minerals, electrodes, other cells).

Adverse diagnostic events in hospitalised patients: a single-centre, retrospective cohort study.

Background: Adverse event surveillance approaches underestimate the prevalence of harmful diagnostic errors (DEs) related to hospital care.

Methods: We conducted a single-centre, retrospective cohort study of a stratified sample of patients hospitalised on general medicine using four criteria: transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), death within 90 days, complex clinical events, and none of the aforementioned high-risk criteria. Cases in higher-risk subgroups were over-sampled in predefined percentages.

Trunk-to-leg volume and appendicular lean mass from a commercial 3-dimensional optical body scanner for disease risk identification.

Background & Aims: Body shape expressed as the trunk-to-leg volume ratio is associated with diabetes and mortality due to the associations between higher adiposity and lower lean mass with Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) risk. Reduced appendicular muscle mass is associated with malnutrition risk and age-related frailty, and is a risk factor for poor treatment outcomes related to MetS and other clinical conditions (e.g.

Patient-Clinician Diagnostic Concordance upon Hospital Admission.

Objectives:  This study aimed to pilot an application-based patient diagnostic questionnaire (PDQ) and assess the concordance of the admission diagnosis reported by the patient and entered by the clinician.

Methods:  Eligible patients completed the PDQ assessing patients' understanding of and confidence in the diagnosis 24 hours into hospitalization either independently or with assistance. Demographic data, the hospital principal problem upon admission, and International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision (ICD-10) codes were retrieved from the electronic health record (EHR).

Utilizing natural language processing to analyze student narrative reflections for medical curriculum improvement.

Motivation: Medical curricula improvement is an ongoing process to keep material relevant and improve the student's learning experience to better prepare them for patient care. Many programs utilize end-of-year evaluations, but these frequently have low response rates and lack actionable feedback. We hypothesized that student reflections written during a fourth year Sub-Internship could be used retrospectively to mine additional information as feedback for future curriculum adjustments.

Using Mixed Reality to Teach Medical Students Lumbar Punctures.

Background: Gaining familiarity with bedside procedures during medical school is essential for preparing medical students for intern year. However, this is often not a core component of undergraduate medical education, and students often feel unprepared to perform bedside procedures upon graduation from medical school. Extended reality technologies have rapidly developed in the past few years, become more accessible, and show great promise in education, most recently in healthcare.

Genomic stasis over millions of years in subseafloor sediment.

One of the significant challenges in microbiology is to understand the extent and mechanisms of evolution within life beneath the surface of the Earth. The population bottleneck that microbes in deep marine sediment experience implies that mutational and population genetic forces could lead to higher levels of relaxed selection and an increase in pseudogenes. To investigate this hypothesis, a group of Thalassospira strains were isolated from subseafloor sediment that is 3 to 6 million years old, as reported by Orsi and colleagues in 2021.

Genome-wide association identifies genomic regions influencing fillet color in Northwest Atlantic salmon ( Linnaeus 1758).

Atlantic salmon () is an important source of food globally; however, fillet color can significantly affect consumer purchasing, leading to potential food waste. Fish diets can be supplemented with astaxanthin to increase the organic pigment, carotenoid, responsible for flesh coloration; however, there is variation in the amount of overall fillet coloration in response to feeding astaxanthin. The uptake of this pigment is influenced by the environment and genetics and has been shown to be heritable.

Internal Medicine Acting Internship Trends in Rotation Structure and Student Responsibilities: Results from a 2023 National Survey.

Background: The acting internship (AI) in internal medicine plays a key role in the transition from medical school to residency. While there have been recent changes in medical education including a pass/fail USMLE Step 1 and increasing use of competency-based assessment, there has not been a large survey of the state of the AI in many years.

Objective: To assess the current landscape of the internal medicine AI and identify areas in need of standardization.

Effect of digital tools to promote hospital quality and safety on adverse events after discharge.

Objectives: Post-discharge adverse events (AEs) are common and heralded by new and worsening symptoms (NWS). We evaluated the effect of electronic health record (EHR)-integrated digital tools designed to promote quality and safety in hospitalized patients on NWS and AEs after discharge.

Materials And Methods: Adult general medicine patients at a community hospital were enrolled.

Sex differences in electrolyte abnormalities indicating refeeding syndrome risk among hospitalized adolescents and young adults with eating disorders.

Background: Refeeding syndrome is the gravest possible medical complication in malnourished patients undergoing refeeding in the hospital. We previously reported that males with malnutrition secondary to eating disorders required more calories and had longer hospital stays than females; however, sex differences in electrolyte abnormalities indicating refeeding syndrome risk remain unknown. The objective of this study was to assess differences in electrolyte abnormalities indicating refeeding syndrome risk among male and female adolescents and young adults with eating disorders hospitalized for medical instability.

The Ottawa resident observation form for nurses (O-RON): evaluation of an assessment tool's psychometric properties in different specialties.

Background: Workplace-based assessment (WBA) used in post-graduate medical education relies on physician supervisors' feedback. However, in a training environment where supervisors are unavailable to assess certain aspects of a resident's performance, nurses are well-positioned to do so. The Ottawa Resident Observation Form for Nurses (O-RON) was developed to capture nurses' assessment of trainee performance and results have demonstrated strong evidence for validity in Orthopedic Surgery.

Duplicate Gene Expression and Possible Mechanisms of Paralog Retention During Bacterial Genome Expansion.

Gene duplication contributes to the evolution of expression and the origin of new genes, but the relative importance of different patterns of duplicate gene expression and mechanisms of retention remains debated and particularly poorly understood in bacteria. Here, we investigated gene expression patterns for two lab strains of the cyanobacterium Acaryochloris marina with expanding genomes that contain about 10-fold more gene duplicates compared with most bacteria. Strikingly, we observed a generally stoichiometric pattern of greater combined duplicate transcript dosage with increased gene copy number, in contrast to the prevalence of expression reduction reported for many eukaryotes.

How do bacterial endosymbionts work with so few genes?

The move from a free-living environment to a long-term residence inside a host eukaryotic cell has profound effects on bacterial function. While endosymbioses are found in many eukaryotes, from protists to plants to animals, the bacteria that form these host-beneficial relationships are even more diverse. Endosymbiont genomes can become radically smaller than their free-living relatives, and their few remaining genes show extreme compositional biases.

Retention of an Endosymbiont for the Production of a Single Molecule.

Sap-feeding insects often maintain two or more nutritional endosymbionts that act in concert to produce compounds essential for insect survival. Many mealybugs have endosymbionts in a nested configuration: one or two bacterial species reside within the cytoplasm of another bacterium, and together, these bacteria have genomes that encode interdependent sets of genes needed to produce key nutritional molecules. Here, we show that the mealybug Pseudococcus viburni has three endosymbionts, one of which contributes only two unique genes that produce the host nutrition-related molecule chorismate.