A Large-Scale, Multiplayer Virtual Reality Deployment: A Novel Approach to Distance Education in Human Anatomy.

Unlabelled: The arrival of COVID-19 restrictions and the increasing demand of online instruction options posed challenges to education communities worldwide, especially in human anatomy. In response, Colorado State University developed and deployed an 8-week-long large-scale virtual reality (VR) course to supplement online human anatomy instruction. Students ( = 75) received a VR-capable laptop and head-mounted display and participated in weekly synchronous group laboratory sessions with instructors.

Table Quizzes as an Assessment Tool in the Gross Anatomy Laboratory.

Using cadaveric instruction in a graduate-level anatomy course is an expensive and time-consuming undertaking. While this is a worthwhile endeavor, most first-year medical students and students in the health fields struggle with the independent, self-directed learning approach in the cadaveric laboratory, and going beyond rote memorization of the material. As such, effective assessment tools that maximize student learning in the cadaveric laboratory are critical, especially if no lecture component is present.

The Influence of Short-Wave and Long-Wave Radiation Spectrum on the Photostability of Sunscreens.

Background: Sunscreen products aim to help protect the skin against UV radiation and consequently reduce the risk of early skin ageing and skin cancer. However, it is well known that some sunscreen ingredients are not photostable, but this usually refers to irradiation with UV light. Moreover, it has to be mentioned that a relative cumulative erythema effectiveness compliant light source is used for the in vivo sun protection factor (SPF) testing.

Application of an Easy-to-Perform High-Energy and Low-End Visible Light Transmittance Method and the Influence of Tinted Sunscreens on High-Energy/Low-End Visible Light Transmittance and Infrared Protection.

Background: About 50% of the sun's radiation arriving on earth is visible light (VIS). For a long time, its effects on human health have not been fully investigated. But recently, the influence of VIS has gained more attention, especially regarding skin physiology.

Determination of the Influence of the Antiphlogistic Ingredients Panthenol and Bisabolol on the SPF Value in vivo.

Background: Today, the sun protection factor (SPF) value of sunscreen products is determined in vivo with a standardized protocol (EN ISO 24444:2010), and the measured SPF biological end point is the visible skin erythema. However, many of the sunscreen products currently available on the market have antiphlogistic ingredients, which may potentially result in an overestimated SPF of the sunscreen.

Aims: To investigate the potential influence of the antiphlogistic ingredients panthenol and bisabolol in sunscreens on the determined SPF value in vivo.

Development of an in vitro Test Procedure to Determine the Direct Infrared A Protection of Sunscreens and Non-Cosmetic Samples.

Background: Every day human skin is exposed to infrared A (IRA) radiation as part of the natural sun rays. As IRA radiation accounts for around one third of the solar radiation, it has gained great attention concerning its effects on the human body and skin. In the past few years it has been discussed controversially whether IRA radiation (of solar origin) is harmful or not.

Effect of the multifunctional cosmetic ingredient sphinganine on hair loss in males and females with diffuse hair reduction.

Sphingolipids are well known to promote keratinocyte differentiation and to induce ceramide production. In addition, they show anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities. Thus, the aim of this study is to investigate the potential effect of sphinganine on prolonging the hair anagen rate and improving the overall hair quality and scalp health.

Spirometry in primary care case-identification, diagnosis and management of COPD.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, yet it remains significantly under-diagnosed. Systematic and opportunistic case-identification efforts in primary care, using questionnaires, careful assessment to identify symptoms, and follow-up spirometry, might improve diagnosis rates and enable earlier detection and management of COPD. The aims of spirometry performed for case-identification purposes are to exclude those patients with symptoms but normal lung function and identify those who require more complete investigation for COPD, including 'diagnostic standard' spirometry.

In vivo assessment of Ectoin: a randomized, vehicle-controlled clinical trial.

The aim of the study was to assess an Ectoin formulation with regard to the antiageing properties. The study was designed as a monocentric, randomized, double-blind application test, in order to ensure the compatibility and the efficacy of Ectoin in comparison to a vehicle emulsion. A total of 104 voluntary healthy female test subjects were included in the study.

Temperature tuned distributed feedback dye laser with high repetition rate.

A pulsed subnanosecond laser system is described which is tunable over the spectral range from 450 to 650 nm with a bandwidth of ~0.006 nm and can be operated with a repetition rate of up to 200 Hz. It consists of a mirror tuned distributed feedback dye laser which is directly pumped by a XeCl excimer laser.