Fibronectin fragments generated by pancreatic trypsin act as endogenous inhibitors of pancreatic tumor growth.

Background: The pancreatic microenvironment has a defensive role against cancer but it can acquire tumor-promoting properties triggered by multiple mechanisms including alterations in the equilibrium between proteases and their inhibitors. The identification of proteolytic events, targets and pathways would set the basis for the design of new therapeutic approaches.

Methods And Results: Here we demonstrate that spheroids isolated from human and murine healthy pancreas and co-transplanted orthotopically with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in mouse pancreas inhibited tumor growth.

Evaluation of a Sample of Patients With Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Treated With a Two-Stage Protocol.

The aim of this paper was to assess growth, speech, and aesthetic results at the completion of growth in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate treated with the 2 stages Milan surgical protocol.Craniofacial growth was evaluated with cephalometric analysis and a theoretical need for orthognathic surgery.Nasolabial appearance was qualitatively assessed using the Asher McDade Aesthetic Index.

Photometric Evaluation in Adolescence of Patients With Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Treated With Nasoalveolar Molding and Primary Columella Lengthening.

Objective: Nasal stigma in patients with bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) are a short columella and a flattened nasal tip.

Design: The aim of this study was to evaluate the aesthetics of adolescents with BCLP, operated with a modified Cutting primary columella lengthening technique, associated to a modified Grayson orthopedic nasoalveolar molding (NAM).

Setting And Patients: 72 BCLP patients were operated with this approach.

Computed tomography use in a large Italian region: trend analysis 2004-2014 of emergency and outpatient CT examinations in children and adults.

Objectives: To analyse CT use in recent years in a high-density Italian area (±10 million inhabitants, including 1 million children), focusing on developing age.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of records from HealthCare IT System, covering >400 hospitals and clinics. Description of CT use between 2004-2014 in emergency and outpatient care and assessment of radiation exposure trend.

Long-Term Computed Tomographic Evaluation of Alveolar Bone Formation in Patients with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate after Early Secondary Gingivoalveoloplasty.

Background: The goal of this study was to evaluate with a three-dimensional method the long-term quality of alveolar ossification in unilateral cleft lip and palate patients who underwent early secondary gingivoalveoloplasty according to the Milan surgical protocol.

Methods: The sample consisted of 63 computed tomographic scans of unilateral cleft lip and palate patients in permanent dentition. The average age at the time of assessment was 15.

Long-Term Follow-Up of UCLP Patients: Surgical and Orthodontic Burden of Care During Growth and Final Orthognathic Surgery Need.

Objective: The goal of this study was to evaluate the craniofacial morphology at 5 and 10 years of age and at the completion of growth, the need for final orthognathic surgery, and the orthodontic burden in a sample of patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate consecutively treated by the same surgeon with the same two-step protocol.

Design: A sample of 62 adult patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate was retrospectively collected (mean age, 17.5 years).

Factors that affect variability in impairment of maxillary growth in patients with cleft lip and palate treated using the same surgical protocol.

No consensus exists about the causes of restriction of maxillary growth in patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP). The aim of this study was to try to identify causes of this impairment other than the influence of surgical technique and skill. We analysed a sample of 129 consecutively treated 5-year-old children with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), who were operated on by the same surgeon with the same protocol.

True hemifacial microsomia and hemimandibular hypoplasia with condylar-coronoid collapse: diagnostic and prognostic differences.

Introduction: Long-term results after orthopedic or surgical treatment of hemifacial microsomia (HFM) have shown a tendency toward recurrence of the facial asymmetry. However, the literature contains a number of successful case reports that show surprising changes in the morphology of the condyles. In addition, patients with similar mandibular asymmetries, treated early with surgery, have excellent long-term follow-ups, especially those who have little or no soft-tissue involvement, but only severe mandibular ramal deformities.

Photometric evaluation of bilateral cleft lip and palate patients after primary columella lengthening.

Objective: To evaluate the results in terms of nasal esthetics of children with bilateral cleft lip and palate, operated with the Cutting primary columella lengthening technique, associated with Grayson orthopedic nasoalveolar molding, and to compare them with the nasal aspects of children with bilateral cleft lip and palate operated with a traditional approach and to an age-matched sample of normal Caucasian children.

Design: Normalized photogrammetry.

Setting: Regional Center for CLP, Department of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, San Paolo Hospital, Milan.

Early secondary gingivo-alveolo-plasty in the treatment of unilateral cleft lip and palate patients: 20 years experience.

Since 1988, the Milano surgical protocol has included lip, nose and soft palate repair at 6-9 months of age and closure of the hard palate at 18-36 months together with an Early Secondary Gingivo-Alveolo-Plasty (ESGAP). Prior to 1988 the alveolar cleft was repaired in a third step by bone grafting at 9-11 years of age. The goal of this study was to evaluate the long-term maxillary growth in unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) patients who have undergone ESGAP.

Comparison of growth results in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate after early secondary gingivoalveoloplasty and secondary bone grafting: 20 years follow up.

The Milan surgical protocol from 1988 has included repair of lip, nose, and soft palate at 6-9 months of age, and closure of the hard palate and alveolus with an early secondary gingivoalveoloplasty at 18-36 months. The goal of this study was to evaluate the long-term maxillary growth in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) who had had the early secondary gingivoalveoloplasty, compared with the growth in a sample treated before 1988, by the same surgeon, with a surgical protocol that differed only by the method and the timing of alveolar closure. In the second group they were repaired by secondary bone grafting.

A cephalometric intercenter comparison of patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate: analysis at 5 and 10 years of age and long term.

Objective: To compare the short- and long-term craniofacial growth of patients operated with the Milan protocol to those operated with the Oslo protocol.

Design: The Milan sample included 88 patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) at 5 years, 26 at 10 years, and 23 at the end of growth. The Oslo samples included 48 UCLP patients at 5 years, 29 at 10, and 23 at growth completion.

A cephalometric intercentre comparison of patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate at 5 and 10 years of age.

The aim of this study was to evaluate any differences between the craniofacial growth of unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) patients who underwent surgery in the Milan CLP centre with those from the Oslo CLP centre at 5 and 10 years of age. The Milan sample comprised 88 UCLP patients (60 males, 28 females) at 5 years of age and 26 patients (17 males, 9 females) at 10 years of age all operated on by the same surgeon. The Oslo sample consisted of 48 UCLP patients (26 males, 22 females) aged 5 years and 29 patients (20 males, 9 females) aged 10 years treated by four different surgeons.

Maxillary growth impairment in cleft lip and palate patients: a simplified approach in the search for a cause.

No true consensus exists regarding the causes of maxillary growth restriction in cleft lip and palate patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate a simplified method to identify the causes of this growth impairment. We analyzed a sample of 82 consecutively treated 5-year-old patients with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate, operated on by the same surgeon (R.

Prevalence of abnormalities in dental structure, position, and eruption pattern in a population of unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and palate patients.

Objective: To evaluate the dental characteristics of patients subjected to a protocol that included early secondary gingivoalveoloplasty (ESGAP).

Design: Panoramic radiographs of 87 patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and 29 with bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) were evaluated. Missing and supernumerary teeth were also quantified on the cleft and noncleft side and in the maxilla and mandible.

Hemandibular hypoplasia successfully treated with functional appliances: is it truly hemifacial microsomia?

The literature contains a number of case reports on successful orthopedic treatment of hemifacial microsomia (HFM), with surprising changes in the morphology of the condyles. All of these reports regard patients who have substantially no soft tissue involvement but only severe mandibular ramus and condyle deformities. A number of cases with unexpectedly similar phenotypes diagnosed as HFM are described.

Alveolar bone formation in patients with unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and palate after early secondary gingivoalveoloplasty: long-term results.

Background: The Milan surgical protocol includes the use of an early secondary gingivoalveoloplasty together with hard palate closure at 18 to 36 months, to avoid later bone grafting. The goal of this study was to evaluate the long-term quality of ossification in patients who have undergone early secondary gingivoalveoloplasty.

Methods: The samples consisted of panoramic radiographs of 87 unilateral cleft lip-cleft palate and 29 bilateral cleft lip-cleft palate patients.

A multicenter outcomes assessment of five-year-old patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate.

Objective: Compare 5-year-old dental arch relationships of patients from three centers with differing primary protocols.

Design: Retrospective study of treatment outcomes using blinded evaluation of dental study casts.

Setting: Three major cleft-craniofacial centers; one (center A) is a free-standing institution, and two (centers B and C) are university hospitals.

Cystathionine beta-synthase c.844ins68 gene variant and non-syndromic cleft lip and palate.

Non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) is a common birth defect with substantial clinical and social impact and whose causes include both genetic and environmental factors. Folate and homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism have been indicated to play a role in the etiology of CL/P, and polymorphisms in folate and Hcy genes may act as susceptibility factors. We investigated a common polymorphism in the cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) gene (c.

Quantitative effects of a nickel-titanium palatal expander on skeletal and dental structures in the primary and mixed dentition: a preliminary study.

The present study analysed the six-month effects of a nickel-titanium (NiTi) palatal expander on the dental and palatal structures of four primary (mean age 5.8 years) and nine mixed dentition children (mean age 8.7 years), with a posterior unilateral crossbite.

Bilateral dental fusion of the upper central incisors: a multidisciplinary approach.

Unlabelled: The multidisciplinary treatment of a case of bilateral dental fusion of the upper central incisors with maxillary constriction, crowding, and palatal inversion of one of the lateral incisors is reported. The rarity with which this anomaly appears, along with its complex characteristics, often make it extremely difficult to treat. It requires the involvement of different specialists to find the most suitable treatment for each individual patient.

Skeletal and dental modifications produced by the Bionator III appliance.

The therapeutic results of a functional orthopedic treatment with a Balters' Bionator III appliance were evaluated. The sample group included 39 white growing subjects with a dentoskeletal Class III malocclusion. A 2-year study compared results with a control group.

[Lateral teleradiography of the cranium: the effect of head positioning in the interpretation of cephalometric tracings. An experimental study on a phantom].

Purpose: To assess the influence of head mispositioning during lateral teleradiography of the skull for cephalometric purposes.

Material And Methods: We used a human dry skull fixed on a professional support at a three level angular scale to quantitate lateral and anteroposterior rotations and inclinations. We took 15 radiographs at different angles (-2 degrees and -4 degrees right rotation; +2 degrees and +4 degrees left rotation; -2 degrees and -4 degrees anterior roll; +2 degrees and +4 degrees posterior roll; -2 degrees and -4 degrees right pitch; +2 degrees and +4 degrees left pitch; + 2 degrees left rotation and -2 degrees anterior roll; +2 degrees left rotation and +2 degrees left pitch).

[Ultrasonography assessment of ossification foci of the wrist and pubertal growth spurt].

High-resolution ultrasound (US) of the hand and wrist was compared with radiography in 26 young patients (mean age: 11.4 years) to be submitted to orthodontic therapy. US scans were targeted on the ossification centers critical for the growth spurt, namely the pisiform and adductor sesamoid bones of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb and the cartilage of the distal phalanx of the third finger.

Oral environment temperature changes induced by cold/hot liquid intake.

The use of NiTi shape memory alloys, introduced into orthodontics because of their ability to develop light continuous forces that prove more effective than heavy intermittent forces in the teeth movement, requires the mastering of the functional properties of NiTi wires. More specifically, the recovery force acting on the teeth is a sensitive function of temperature: knowledge of oral temperature modifications is therefore required to understand the stress state modification felt during orthodontic therapy. The temperature modifications induced by cold or hot drink intake in the oral cavity were investigated by using arch wires, fixed to removable Hawley retainers, similar to those currently used in orthodontic practice, by means of six temperature sensors placed in correspondence with specific teeth.