Preeclampsia related to a functioning extrauterine placenta: report of a case and 25-year follow-up.

We report the case of a patient with preeclampsia due to an extrauterine, intra-abdominal pregnancy. After the fetus was delivered, but while the functioning placenta remained in the abdomen, preeclampsia, which was documented by clinical data and a kidney biopsy, persisted until the placenta was removed 99 days postpartum. A kidney biopsy 21 months postpartum was normal.

Mast cells and calcium in severe uremic itching.

Mast cells may be more abundant in the tissues of uremic patients and may contribute to itching via mediator release. Because mast cell (MC) granule release may be inhibited by ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation, we investigated skin MC in the superficial dermis by quantitative histomorphometry before and after whole body UVB for uremic itching. Toluidine blue-stained 3.

Histopathologic changes in snoring and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

The pathophysiologic events that lead to the loss of airway compensation in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are poorly understood. The development of airway instability may be secondary to changes in neurologic control, airway morphology, or both. To identify potential histopathologic features of pharyngeal tissues that may contribute to OSA, transverse sections of the distal soft palate and uvula were qualitatively compared using light and electron microscopy from 4 severe apneics (greater than 50 apnea/hour), 4 severe snorers (less than 20 apnea/hour), and 4 nonsnorers.

Effects of enteric neural defunctioning on small bowel motility.

In this study, we investigated the role of intrinsic nerves of the small intestine on phase III migration of the migrating myoelectric complex. Fasting myoelectric activity was recorded from the small bowel in chronically instrumented dogs. Once control experiments were completed, the animals were divided into two groups and were reoperated.

Chemical degeneration of intestinal nerves.

In 15 dogs, cobalt chloride solutions were infused close intra-arterially to perfuse a short segment of the jejunum. In an additional four dogs, the jejunum was perfused with the aqueous vehicle (perfusion control). All animals were killed after 1 mo and tissue samples from cobalt-treated and from nonperfused intestine (tissue comparison control) were obtained for electron microscopic and immunohistochemical studies.

Alteration of endothelium-dependent distribution of myocardial blood flow after coronary occlusion and reperfusion.

We have previously demonstrated that intracoronary infusion of the endothelium-dependent vasodilators acetylcholine, ATP, or arachidonic acid produces a preferential increase in subendocardial blood flow in anesthetized dogs. This study was performed to assess the effects of coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion on the distribution of myocardial blood flow produced by endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasodilators. The endothelium was damaged by occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 45 minutes followed by 60 minutes of reperfusion in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs.

Antigenic and catalytic disparity in the distribution of cytochrome P-450-dependent 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1 alpha- and 24-hydroxylases.

Chick 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1 alpha-hydroxylase, a cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase with a molecular weight of 57 kDa, can be isolated as described by Mandel et al. (1990 b). Under normal physiological circumstances, it occurs exclusively in kidney mitochondria.

Monoclonal antibodies to chick renal calcium regulating hemeproteins. Biochemical and immunohistochemical interactions with mitochondrial 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 hydroxylases.

The kidney mitochondrial monooxygenases known as 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 1 alpha- and 24R-hydroxylases are two analogous enzymes which utilize the vitamin as a common substrate for the catalytic production of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. These two enzymes are complexes of NADPH-ferredoxin reductase, and an (Fe-S)-cluster containing ferredoxin with a redox potential that allows the ultimate transfer of reducing equivalents to the terminal oxidases distinctly known as cytochromes P-450(1) alpha and P-450(24). We have used in vitro immunizations of splenocytes obtained from mice sensitized with the purified cytochrome P-450(1) alpha to generate three hybridoma clones from fusion with p3 x 63.

Effects of complement depletion on glomerular eicosanoid production and renal hemodynamics in rat nephrotoxic serum nephritis.

The role of complement in mediating the changes in renal hemodynamics and glomerular eicosanoid synthesis after the administration of heterologous antibody against rat glomerular basement membrane (AGBM) was studied in Munich-Wistar rats. AGBM serum decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and increased glomerular thomboxane B2 (TxB2) production without associated changes in glomerular prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) or PGF2 alpha production. Pretreatment of rats with cobra venom factor to deplete complement blocked the fall in GFR produced by AGBM without altering the increment in glomerular TxB2 production.

Acquired progressive kinking of the hair.

A 14-year-old girl had acquired progressive kinking of the hair. Light microscopy disclosed flattening of the hair shafts with partial twists at irregular intervals. Cross-sections of paraffin-embedded hairs were elliptic or irregular in configuration.

Clinical heterogeneity and treatment response in inclusion body myositis.

Inclusion body myositis has been described as an inflammatory myopathy with distinctive clinical and pathologic features that is refractory to treatment. Ten cases of inclusion body myositis, as defined by histopathologic findings, were reviewed to determine whether the clinical characteristics are different in patients whose disease has been defined by light and electron microscopic studies compared with those whose disease has been defined by light microscopic studies alone. The clinical characteristics of both groups of patients were similar, and 2 patients have had excellent responses to treatment.

Pathogenesis of acute pulmonary inflammation in strain 2 and strain 13 guinea pigs.

An acute inflammatory response was elicited in the lungs of strain 2 and 13 guinea pigs following immunization and aerosol challenge with ovalbumin. The pulmonary inflammatory response, characterized by hemorrhage and influx of inflammatory cells, progressed from initiation at 12-hours postchallenge through resolution at 96-hours postchallenge. Inflammatory and immunoregulatory cells, recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage, showed quantitative changes in their relative contribution to the bronchoalveolar cell infiltrate over the course of inflammation.

Cellular immunoregulation of acute pulmonary inflammation in strain 2 guinea pigs.

Subclasses of lung immunoregulatory T cells were analyzed during acute pulmonary inflammation in strain 2 guinea pigs and compared with T cell subpopulations in the peripheral circulation. Immunized animals were aerosol-challenged with specific antigen and sacrificed at 12-, 24-, 48-, 72-, and 96-hours postchallenge. Mononuclear cells, isolated from peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage, were enriched for T cells.

Regulation of pH in rat papillary tubule cells in primary culture.

To investigate the mechanisms responsible for urinary acidification in the terminal nephron, primary cultures of cells isolated from the renal papilla were grown as monolayers in a defined medium. Morphologically, cultured cells were epithelial in type, and similar to collecting duct principal cells. Cell pH measured fluorometrically in monolayers grown on glass slides showed recovery from acid loads in Na+-free media.

Evidence that stimulation of 1,25(OH)2D3 production in primary cultures of mouse kidney cells by cyclic AMP requires new protein synthesis.

When primary culture of C75BL6 mouse cortical kidney cells in serum-free medium were incubated with unlabeled 25(OH)D3, they produced a metabolite which co-migrated with authentic 1,25(OH)2D3 and which could be measured by competitive receptor assay. A metabolite co-migrating with authentic 10-oxo-19-nor-25-OH-D3 was also produced. However, when cultures were incubated with 25(OH)D3 for 1 hour or longer, 10-oxo-19-nor-25-OH-D accounted for less than 15% of the total 3H-1,25(OH)2D3 displacement activity.

Calcium oxalate crystal interaction with rat renal inner papillary collecting tubule cells.

Rat renal inner papillary collecting tubule cells (RPCT) have been isolated and maintained in primary culture. The cells have been found to be of only one type and they have maintained the characteristics of RPCT cells. The RPCT cells in culture appear as a monolayer with intermittent clumps of rounded cells.

BSS Plus: a potential irrigating solution for neurosurgery.

BSS Plus is a pH-stable balanced salt solution similar to glutathione bicarbonate Ringer's solution. Extensively used in ophthalmology, it is of potential value in neurosurgery. In comparative tests of its effectiveness, 28 cats underwent bilateral irrigation of the surface of the cerebral cortex with normal saline on one side and BSS Plus on the other.

Specificity and duration of post-inflammatory suppression in rabbit lungs challenged with aerosolized antigen.

Rabbits immunized and aerosolized with soluble protein antigens develop a short lived pulmonary inflammation. This is followed by a period of non-specific unresponsiveness which lasts approximately 30 weeks after the first exposure to aerosol treatment. This period is characterized by the inability of the rabbit to exhibit another inflammatory reaction either to the same antigen used to induce the first inflammation, or to a new antigenically unrelated antigen.

Pathogenesis of postmyelographic arachnoiditis.

The causal relationship between a myelogram with an aqueous contrast medium and postmyelographic arachnoiditis has not been clarified. Primates after myelography with metrizamide or meglumine iocarmate were studied with fluorescent microscopy, energy dispersion analysis and with scanning and transmission electron and light microscopy. All controls and, up to the eighth day after myelography, all treated animals had normal-appearing arachnoid membranes by microscopy.

Successful second kidney transplantation in a patient with focal glomerulosclerosis. A case report.

We report a woman who developed renal failure due to focal glomerulosclerosis (FGS). This disease recurred immediately in a kidney transplant from her brother resulting in removal of that graft. She subsequently received a cadaver kidney transplant, and FGS has not recurred after 24 months.

Histopathological and ultrastructural studies of synovium in Milwaukee shoulder syndrome--a basic calcium phosphate crystal arthropathy.

Light and electron microscopic study of synovial specimens from four patients with the Milwaukee shoulder syndrome disclosed vascular congestion, villous and focal synovial lining cell hyperplasia, occasional giant cells, and fibrin deposition both within and on the surface of the synovium. Although these changes are non-specific, the finding of basic calcium phosphate crystal aggregates in all four cases and the near total absence of an inflammatory reaction are helpful in distinguishing this condition from other types of arthritis. The focal areas of synovial cell hyperplasia may relate to the powerful mitogenic effect of both synthetic and naturally occurring calcium-containing crystals in concentrations found in the synovial fluid of these patients.

Changes in 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 alpha- and 24-hydroxylase activities of kidney cells isolated from rats with either unilateral kidney damage or acute renal insufficiency.

25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1 alpha- and 24-hydroxylase, NADPH-cytochrome c reductase, heme oxygenase, and ATPase activities were studied in viable kidney cells isolated from rats submitted to unilateral kidney damage (cortical electrocoagulation) and during the development of acute renal failure subsequent to excision of the contralateral undamaged kidney. Measurements of blood pH, plasma total and ionized calcium, phosphorus, creatinine, kidney histology, and phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy determinations of phosphorus-containing compounds in kidney tissue were also performed. Seventy-two hours after unilateral kidney damage, no significant changes were observed in blood pH or in the plasma parameters studied.

Immunoperoxidase localization of estrogen receptors in human brest carcinoma.

Monoclonal antibodies to the estrogen receptor protein were used to evaluate the specificity of the peroxidase antiperoxidase (PAP) method for localization of estrogen receptors (ER) in human breast carcinoma. Twenty-five cases of breast carcinoma were selected, and they were roughly classified as ER-rich and ER-poor tumors based on ER levels as determined by dextran-coated charcoal (DCC) assay. ER-rich tumors showed strongly positive cytoplasmic and, to a lesser degree, nuclear staining.

Chemodectoma involving the cavernous sinus and semilunar ganglion.

This paper reports a case of paraganglioma involving the cavernous sinus and semilunar ganglion. The origin of the tumor cells, from paraganglia in this region, is also discussed. Recognition of paraganglia in this area may aid the clinician and pathologist in the differential diagnosis of tumors in this region.

Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis superimposed on diabetic glomerulosclerosis. Recognition and treatment.

Two patients with long-standing diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy were evaluated for declining renal function and heavy albuminuria. Initially, diabetic glomerulosclerosis was suspected as the cause of progressive glomerulopathy. However, in both patients the rate of loss of glomerular filtration rate was greater than that usually seen in diabetic glomerulosclerosis, and the urine sediment contained many RBC casts.