Beyond self-reports: serum cotinine reveals sex-and age-related differences of smoking on all-cause and disease-specific mortality.

Background: It is well-known that sex and age play critical roles in smoking-related diseases and mortality. However, quantification of the extent of smoking requires self-reports in these studies, which may yield only partially accurate results. This study investigated sex-and age-related differences in the association between smoking and all-cause, cardiovascular disease, and cancer mortality by measuring serum cotinine levels.

Endobronchial Lipoma Causing Almost Completely Trachea Obstruction.

Even though endobronchial lipoma is rare, it can mimic malignancy and lead to significant complications such as progressive dyspnea and subsequent lung infections related to endobronchial obstruction. We present a case of endobronchial lipoma located in the trachea causing almost complete tracheal obstruction. The patient's dyspnea disappeared after undergoing bronchoscopic excision of the mass.

Association between environmental exposure to perchlorate, nitrate, and thiocyanate and serum α-Klotho levels among adults from the National Health and nutrition examination survey (2007-2014).

Background & Aims: Aging is a pathophysiological process driven by a diverse set of complex biological processes, and environmental pollution plays an important role in this process. This study aimed to explore the association between serum α-Klotho levels and urinary perchlorate, nitrate, and thiocyanate levels.

Methods: This secondary dataset analysis included 4875 participants (mean age, 57.

[Sodium Ferulate Attenuates Oxidative Stressvia Suppressing NALP3 Inflammasome and ERK Signal Pathway].

Objectives: Study the gene and protein expression of NACHT-PYD-containing protein 3 (NALP3) inflammasome and extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK), the intervention effects of sodium ferulate (SF) in human lung epithelial cells A549 under oxidative stress, and to investigate the possible mechanism.

Methods: Human lung epithelial cells A549 cultured were divided into 6 groups, including control group,H₂O₂(200 umol/L) group, SF group (400 ug/mL), caspase-1 blockers (Z-VAD) group (Z-VAD 20 umol/L+H₂O₂200 umol/L), ERK blockers (PD98059) group (PD98059 50 umol/L+H₂O₂ 200 umol/L), and SF+H₂O₂ group (SF 400 ug/mL+H₂O₂ 200 umol/L). Fluorescent quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to detect the mRNA levels of caspase-1 and , the expression of caspase-1, NALP3, phosphorylated ERK p-ERK, ERK protein were evaluated by Western blot.

[Sodium Ferulate Attenuates Oxidative Stress Induced Inflammation via Suppressing NALP3 and NF-κB Signal Pathway].

Objective: To study the effects of sodium ferulate on inflammation in human lung epithelial cells (A549) under oxidative stress and itsinfluence onthe expression of inflammasome NACHT-PYD-containing protein 3 (NALP3) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB).

Methods: Human lung epithelial cells A549 cultured in vitro were divided into 4 groups, including control group, H2O2 (100µmol/L) stress group, NF-κB blockers group (PDTC 100 µmol/L+ H2O2 100 µmol/L), sodium ferulate (SF) intervention group (SF 400µg/mL+ H2O2 10µmol/L). The expression of NALP3,IκBα protein were evaluated by Western blot, while mRNA levels of NALP3, NF-κB (P65) were measured by qRT-PCR.

[Hypoxemia induced the changing structure of the lung tissue in SD rat though changing blood clotting and the effects of breviscapine's intervention].

Objective: To investigate the expressions of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), activated protein C (APC) and the histology structures of the rat lung tissues in the different hypoxia time; and to investigate the effects of breviscapine to the above changes.

Methods: Eighty SD rats were randomly divided into A (control), B (hypoxia), C (hypoxia + low-dose breviscapine) and D (hypoxia + high-dose breviscopine) groups with 20 rats in each group. Each hypoxia group placed daily pressure (101 kpa, 10% O2) environment for 8 h, low-dose and high-dose breviscapine groups were given of 10 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg breviscapine by intraperitoneal injection.