Identification of active compounds in Ophiopogonis Radix from different geographical origins by UPLC-Q/TOF-MS combined with GC-MS approaches.

Ophiopogonis Radix, also known as Maidong in Chinese, is largely produced in the Sichuan and Zhejiang provinces: "Chuan-maidong (CMD)" and "Zhe-maidong (ZMD)," respectively. This study aimed to distinguish and evaluate the quality of CMD and ZMD. In this study, the tubers of CMD and ZMD were investigated using UPLC-Q/TOF-MS, GC-MS, and LC-MS methods, respectively.

L-Borneol 7-O-[-D-Apiofuranosyl-(1→6)]--D-Glucopyranoside Alleviates Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats and Hypoxic/Reoxygenated Injured Myocardial Cells via Regulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway.

Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is a primary cause of morbidity and mortality in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). L-Borneol 7-O-[-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)]--D-glucopyranoside (LBAG), extracted from the Radix Ophiopogonis, is the main bioactive component that may be exerting cardiovascular protection in AMI. The purpose was to examine the effects of LBAG on myocardial I/R injury (MIRI) in rats and H9c2 cells treated with hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R).

Sub-Acute Treatment of Curcumin Derivative J147 Ameliorates Depression-Like Behavior Through 5-HT-Mediated cAMP Signaling.

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a severe mental disorder related to the deficiency of monoamine neurotransmitters, particularly to abnormalities of 5-HT (5-hydroxytryptamine, serotonin) and its receptors. Our previous study suggested that acute treatment with a novel curcumin derivative J147 exhibited antidepressant-like effects by increasing brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) level in the hippocampus of mice. The present study expanded upon our previous findings and investigated the antidepressant-like effects of sub-acute treatment of J147 for 3 days in male ICR mice and its possible relevancy to 5-HT and 5-HT receptors and downstream cAMP-BDNF signaling.

[Astragaloside Ⅳ regulates Nrf2/Bach1/HO-1 signaling pathway and inhibits H9c2 cardiomyocyte injury induced by hypoxia-reoxygenation].

Astragaloside Ⅳ(AS-Ⅳ) has protective effects against ischemia-reperfusion injury(IRI), but its mechanism of action has not yet been determined. This study aims to investigate the protective effects and mechanism of AS-Ⅳ on H9c2 cardiomyocyte injury induced by hypoxia-reoxygenation(H/R). The H/R model of myocardial cells was established by hypoxic culture for 12 hours and then reoxygenation culture for 8 hours.

Reduced phosphodiesterase-2 activity in the amygdala results in anxiolytic-like effects on behavior in mice.

Background: Phosphodiesterase-2 (PDE2) is a cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase and is highly expressed in the amygdala, which suggests its important role in anxiety-like behavior.

Aims: The present study examined whether reduced PDE2A expression in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) produces anxiolytic-like effects in mice.

Methods: PDE2A knockdown in amygdaloid (AR5) cells or the CeA was established using a lentiviral vector-based siRNA system.

EphB2 Deficiency Induces Depression-Like Behaviors and Memory Impairment: Involvement of NMDA 2B Receptor Dependent Signaling.

Receptor tyrosine kinase EphB2 mediates development of the neurogenic niche of excitatory neurons, suggesting the possibility that its inactivation plays a role in neuropsychiatric disorders including depression and memory impairment. While N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor is involved in regulating memory formation and neurogenesis in adult animal, it remains unclear how NMDA receptor subtypes mediate depression and cognitive deficits caused by EphB2 loss. The present study shows that EphB2 inactivation results in depression-like behaviors, memory impairment and defects of adult hippocampal neurogenesis.

Memory enhancing effects of BPN14770, an allosteric inhibitor of phosphodiesterase-4D, in wild-type and humanized mice.

Inhibitors of phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) have beneficial effects on memory in preclinical and clinical studies. Development of these drugs has stalled due to dose-limiting side effects of nausea and emesis. While use of subtype-selective inhibitors (i.

trans-Resveratrol ameliorates anxiety-like behaviors and fear memory deficits in a rat model of post-traumatic stress disorder.

trans-Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol enriched in grape seed and skin, has been extensively investigated for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-psychiatric properties. The present study examined the effects of trans-resveratrol on ameliorating anxiety-like behaviors and fear memory deficits induced by time-dependent sensitization (TDS) procedure, which is a classical animal model for mimicking posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The results suggested that trans-resveratrol at doses of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg (via gavage, i.

Onjisaponin B prevents cognitive impairment in a rat model of D-galactose-induced aging.

In this study, we investigated the potential effect of onjisaponin B (OB) on aging rats induced by D-gal (D-galactose). Sub-acute aging model was established in rats by the subcutaneous injection of D-gal (120 mg/kg) for 42 days, accompanied with OB (10, 20 mg/kg, p.o.

Assessment of effect of Zhu-tan Tong-luo decoction on CYP450 isoforms activity of rats.

In order to investigate the effects of Zhu-tan Tong-luo decoction on the metabolic capacity of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, a cocktail method was employed to evaluate the activities of CYP2B6, CYP2C19, CYP1A2, CYP3A4, CYP2C9, CYP2D6. The rats were randomly divided into acute Zhu-Tan Tong-Luo decoction group (Low, High), chronic Zhu-Tan Tong-Luo decoction group (Low, High) and control group. The acute group rats were given 0.

Synergistic antidepressant-like effect of ferulic acid in combination with piperine: involvement of monoaminergic system.

The lifetime prevalence rate for major depressive disorder (MDD) is approximately 17 % for most developed countries around the world. Dietary polyphenols are currently used as an adjuvant therapy to accelerate the therapeutic efficacy on depression. Ferulic acid (FA) or 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-cinnamic acid (Fig.

Antidepressant-like effects of ferulic acid: involvement of serotonergic and norepinergic systems.

Ferulic acid is a polyphenol that has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. The present study analyzed the antidepressant-like potential of ferulic acid using two well-validated mouse models of despair test, tail suspension and forced swim tests. The results suggested that ferulic acid treatment at doses of 10, 20, 40 and 80 mg/kg (p.

Piperine potentiates the antidepressant-like effect of trans-resveratrol: involvement of monoaminergic system.

Major depression is characterized by dysfunction of neuroendocrine and immune networks. Trans-resveratrol, a phenolic compound presented in polygonum cuspidatum, was demonstrated previously to exert antidepressant-like effects through regulating monoaminergic system, oxidative/antioxidant defense and inflammatory response. The present study investigated the synergistic antidepressant-like effect of trans-resveratrol and piperine, a bioavailability enhancer, in mice and explored the possible mechanism.

Antidepressant-like effect of trans-resveratrol: Involvement of serotonin and noradrenaline system.

The antidepressant-like effect of trans-resveratrol, a phenolic compound present in polygonum cuspidatum, was evaluated through behavioral and neurochemical methods. trans-Resveratrol (20, 40 and 80 mg/kg, via gavage) significantly decreased the immobility time in mouse models of despair tests, but did not influence locomotor activity. Two behavioral models and neurochemical assays suggested that trans-resveratrol produced a significant increase in serotonin and noradrenaline levels at 40 or 80 mg/kg in brain regions.

Antidepressant-like effect of low molecular proanthocyanidin in mice: involvement of monoaminergic system.

Proanthocyanidin is a phenolic product present in plants which has antioxidant, antinociceptive and neuroprotective properties, without inducing significant toxicological effects. The present study tested the hypothesis that low molecular proanthocyanidin from grapes that has optimized bioavailability, would exert antidepressant-like activities in behavioral despair tests. The results suggested that oral administration proanthocyanidin at doses of 25 and 50mg/kg for 7days significantly reduced the duration of immobility in both the tail suspension and forced swimming tests.

Curcumin reverses impaired cognition and neuronal plasticity induced by chronic stress.

Chronic stress occurs in everyday life and induces impaired spatial cognition, neuroendocrine and plasticity abnormalities. A potential therapeutic for these stress related disturbances is curcumin, derived from the curry spice turmeric. Previously we demonstrated that curcumin reversed the chronic stress-induced behavioral deficits in escape from an aversive stimulus, however the mechanism behind its beneficial effects on stress-induced learning defects and associated pathologies are unknown.