Dual polarization-independent quasi-bound states in the continuum in a hetero-out-of-plane dielectric metasurface.

Symmetry-protected quasi-bound states in the continuum (qBICs) in metasurfaces with broken in-plane symmetry are extensively investigated to achieve high quality-factor (Q-factor) resonances. Herein, we propose the hetero-out-of-plane (H-OP) dielectric metasurface, which is composed of Si cuboids tetramer broken out-of-plane symmetry by adding a layer of silica. Dual polarization-independent qBICs are realized.

Polyaniline-Based Infrared Dynamic Patterned Encoder with Multiple Thermal Radiation Characteristics.

A high-level infrared dynamic patterned encoder (IR-DPE) possesses prospective applications for energy-harvesting and information, but a simple and reliable method for fabrication remains challenging. Herein, we first report an IR-DPE with multiple thermal radiation characteristics based on polyaniline (PANI). Specifically, the electron-beam evaporation technique is introduced to obtain the divanadium pentoxide (VO) coating, and then the VO film acts as an oxidant to drive in situ polymerization of the PANI film.

Alleviating acid inhibition via bentonite supplementation during acidulated swine manure anaerobic digestion: Performance enhancement and microbial mechanism analysis.

Swine manure is usually transmitted by the "collection-storage-transport" mode of the biogas project. However, this particular application pattern results in high volatile fatty acids (VFAs) concentration due to the long transition time in the "collection-storage-transport" process. In this work, acidulated swine manure anaerobic digestion (AD) with bentonite supplementation was firstly investigated with an expectation of acid alleviation, performance enhancement and microbial mechanism.

Enhanced anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste at different solids content by alkali pretreatment and bentonite addition: Methane production enhancement and microbial mechanism.

High solid anaerobic digestion (AD) has been considered as a promising and sustainable technology for treating kitchen waste. To enhance AD of kitchen waste, alkali pretreatment and bentonite addition treatment (AP/Be) was performed on kitchen waste, and microbial community was investigated at different total solids (TS) content (10%, 13%, 19%, 22% and 25%). The results indicated that after AP/Be treatment, methane yield was as high as 198 mL CH/g volatile solid (VS), which increased by 236% as the control.

A Multifunctional Flexible Electronic Skin for Dynamic Thermal Radiation Regulation and Electromagnetic Interference Shielding.

A multifunctional electronic skin with thermal radiation regulation and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding is urgent for electronic systems because of the thermal radiation emission and electromagnetic wave pollution. Herein, a flexible electronic skin was designed and fabricated, where the polyaniline (PANI) served as the functional layer and TiCT MXene was employed as the conductive electrode. The transformation of emeraldine salt (ES) and leucoemeraldine base (LB) of PANI makes the skin achieve an infrared emissivity modulation, and the electromagnetic loss of PANI and ultrahigh electrical conductivity of TiCT MXene make it exhibit EMI shielding ability.

Activation of peroxymonosulfate by ZIFs derived Fe/Cu encapsulated N-doped carbon for bisphenol A degradation: The role of N doping.

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a typical kind of endocrine disruption chemical, which has a negative effect on human health, and thus it is necessary to remove BPA from water. Herein, activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) by Fe, Cu-Coordinated ZIF-Derived Carbon Framework bifunctional catalyst (Fe/Cu@NC-x) fabricated via hydrothermal-calcination method for BPA removal. The physicochemical properties of Fe/Cu@NC-x were studied by X-ray diffraction, Transmission electron microscopy, Scanning electron microscopy, Raman Spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett Teller, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

High efficiency degradation of tetracycline by peroxymonosulfate activated with Fe/NC catalysts: Performance, intermediates, stability and mechanism.

Carbon-based catalysts have the advantages of biological cleaning, eco-friendly and cost-effective in water treatment. While, nitrogen doped biochar promotes the development of non-radical peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation in environmental remediation. Thus, three-dimensional sponge-like porous Fe and N co-doped biochar (Fe/CN-30) with high catalytic activity for PMS activation was synthesized.

Quantitative hydrodynamic characterization of high solid anaerobic digestion: Correlation of "mixing-fluidity-energy" and scale-up effect.

High solid anaerobic digestion (HSAD)'s complex rheological behavior exhibits short-circuiting and dead zone. Mixing optimization is potential to enhance HSAD hydrodynamics. Besides, scale-up effect is quite essential for HSAD's applications, but remains rarely studied yet.

Smart Materials for Dynamic Thermal Radiation Regulation.

Thermal radiation in the mid-infrared region profoundly affects human lives in various fields, including thermal management, imaging, sensing, camouflage, and thermography. Due to their fixed emissivities, radiance features of conventional materials are usually proportional to the quadruplicate of surface temperature, which set the limit, that one type of material can only present a single thermal function. Therefore, it is necessary and urgent to design materials for dynamic thermal radiation regulations to fulfill the demands of the age of intelligent machines.

Effect of Unit Cell Shape on Switchable Infrared Metamaterial VO Absorbers/Emitters.

Metamaterial absorber/emitter is an important aspect of infrared radiation manipulation. In this paper, we proposed four simple switchable infrared metamaterial absorbers/emitters with Ag/VO disks on the Ag plane employing triangle, square, hexagon, and circle unit cells. The spectral absorption peaks whose intensities are above 0.

Fabrication of graphitic carbon nitride functionalized P-CoFeO for the removal of tetracycline under visible light: Optimization, degradation pathways and mechanism evaluation.

In this study, nano-sized CoFeO composites were prepared through co-precipitation process. Then the phosphorus-doped strong magnetic graphitic carbon nitride hybrids composites (P-CoFeO@GCN) was stemmed from the CoFeO composites via the thermal polymerization method. The TEM results show that the CoFeO nanoparticles have been successfully embedded into the graphitic carbon nitride (GCN).

Carbon quantum dots decorated heteroatom co-doped core-shell Fe@POCN for degradation of tetracycline via multiply synergistic mechanisms.

In this study, novel core-shell catalyst with a new ternary heterostructure was synthesized (Fe@POCN/CQDs) for the degradation of tetracycline (TC). The TEM results showed that the Fe particles were wrapped in POCN material and many nano CQDs were uniformly dispersed in the material. The new ternary nanocomposite exhibits excellent photocatalytic activity for the removal of TC, which was approximately 4.

Prediction and optimization of adsorption properties for Cson NiSiO@NiAlFe LDHs hollow spheres from aqueous solution: Kinetics, isotherms, and BBD model.

In this work, novel NiSiO@NiAlFe layered double hydroxides (LDHs) hollow spheres were prepared by hydrothermal method. It was worth noting that LDHs' grafting towards NiSiO hollow spheres could avoid the LDHs' aggregation, and thus enhanced the material's adsorption capacity. Furthermore, adsorption kinetics, adsorption isotherms, and Box-Behnken Design (BBD) model were conducted.

A turn-on endoplasmic reticulum-targeted two-photon fluorescent probe for hydrogen sulfide and bio-imaging applications in living cells, tissues, and zebrafish.

As one of the important gas signal molecules, hydrogen sulfide (HS) is associated with many important physiological processes in living organisms. Organelles, especially endoplasmic reticulum (ER), play a crucial role in the cell metabolism. Accordingly, the detection of HS in the ER is of high interest.

A new aggregation-induced emission fluorescent probe for rapid detection of nitroreductase and its application in living cells.

The biological activity of nitroreductase (NTR) is closely related to biological hypoxia status in organisms. The development of effective methods for monitoring the activity of NTR is of great significance for medical diagnosis and tumor research. Toward this goal, we have developed a new aggregation-induced emission (AIE) fluorescence NTR probe TPE-HY used the tetraphenylethene as the fluorophore, and used the nitro group as the NTR recognition site.

A turn-on fluorescent probe for endogenous formaldehyde in the endoplasmic reticulum of living cells.

As the simplest aldehyde compounds, formaldehyde (FA) is implicated in nervous system diseases and cancer. Endoplasmic reticulum is an organelle that plays important functions in living cells. Accordingly, the development of efficient methods for FA detection in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is of great biomedical importance.

A lysosome-targeted and ratiometric fluorescent probe for imaging exogenous and endogenous hypochlorous acid in living cells.

Hypochorous acid plays important roles in numerous physiological and pathological processes. At the cell organelle level, an abnormal concentration of hypochorous acid in the lysosomes causes redox imbalance and the loss of function of the lysosomes. Herein, the first small molecule based, lysosomal-targeted ratiometric fluorescent HOCl probe (Lyso-HA) was synthesized through a rational design.

A TICT-based fluorescent probe for rapid and specific detection of hydrogen sulfide and its bio-imaging applications.

By blocking the intramolecular twisted internal charge transfer (TICT) process, we designed and sythesized the first TICT-based fluorescent probe for hydrogen sulfide. The new probe exhibits high selectivity, good membrane-permeability and is suitable for visualization of exogenous and endogenous hydrogen sulfide in living cells.

Characteristics of electrical field and ion motion in surface-electrode ion traps.

In this article, we calculated the potential function of the surface-electrode ion trap (SEIT) by using Green's function method, optimized trap size, obtained the coefficients of the multipoles and analyzed ion trajectories in the RF potential. The optimized SEIT not only increases its trapping well depth by a factor of about 15, but also has relatively good linearity of the field (or large quadrupole component). The current design of SEIT can work well either as the ion guide for ion transmission or as the ion trap for ion confinement.

The development of charge detection-quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry driven by rectangular and triangular waves.

In this article, the charge detection quadrupole mass spectrometry (CD-ITMS) driven by rectangular and triangular waveforms (rect-CD-ITMS and tri-CD-ITMS) was developed for the characterization of microparticles. Since the frequency scan of rectangular and triangular waveform could be realized easier than that of sinusoidal waveform, this research intends to provide simpler operation modes for CD-ITMS. In order to demonstrate the feasibility of rect-CD-ITMS and tri-CD-ITMS, the discharge onset voltage, ejection point of analyzed particles, and the achieved mass resolution were analyzed and compared with the case in conventional sinusoidal CD-ITMS (sin-CD-ITMS).

Potential distribution and transmission characteristics in a curved quadrupole ion guide.

The potential distribution in the curved quadrupole is exactly characterized by the Laplace equation, and an approximate solution to the Laplace equation is calculated. We represent the Laplace equation under the coordinates named minimal rotation frame (MRF) and derive an expression on the hexapole and octopole superposition. Our conclusion is in agreement with the results by the numerical (SIMION) method.

Characterization of bioparticles using a miniature cylindrical ion trap mass spectrometer operated at rough vacuum.

A miniature cylindrical ion trap mass spectrometer (CIT-MS) equipped with an inexpensive mechanical pump was constructed, and used to measure the masses of cells and microparticles generated by laser induced acoustic desorption ionization. Compared with a previous lab scale quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer (QIT-MS), the novel miniature CIT-MS had smaller volume (the radius r(0)=5 mm), simpler ion trap fabrication and overall instrument construction, required a lower trapping voltage, and reduced the weight, power and cost of the instrument. The CIT-MS was calibrated using standard polystyrene beads of 2.