Effects of Hypertension on Alzheimer's Disease: Updates in Pathophysiological and Neuroimaging Findings.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is recognized as the leading cause of dementia, imposing a significant economic toll on society. Despite the emergence of novel therapeutic approaches for AD, their efficacy and safety mandates further validation through rigorous clinical trials. In this context, hypertension (HTN) has garnered considerable attention as an amendable risk factor for AD.

Type 2 herpes simplex virus-induced anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis responsive to immunoglobulin monotherapy.

Herpes simplex virus-2 encephalitis (HSV2E) in immunocompetent adults is exceptionally rare, and the subsequent onset of autoimmune encephalitis after HSV2E is even less common. This report presents the inaugural Chinese case of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis (NMDARE) induced by HSV2E, confirmed via metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS). The patient demonstrated a favorable response to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) monotherapy.

Baló's concentric sclerosis with spontaneous remission and favorable prognosis.

Introduction: Baló's concentric sclerosis (BCS) is a rare type of central nervous system demyelinating disorder. Most patients with BCS are treated with corticosteroids, and spontaneous remission has seldom been described.

Case Presentation: A 46-year-old man presented with a subacute-onset headache and memory loss.

The diagnostic value of image-enhanced endoscopy system in sinonasal inverted papilloma.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of image-enhanced endoscopy (IEE) in detecting sinonasal inverted papilloma (SNIP).

Methods: Overall, 86 patients with unilateral nasal papillary or lobulated neoplasms were included between July 2018 and June 2019. All patients underwent IEE examinations, and the diagnosis of all neoplasms was confirmed through postoperative pathology.

Anti-adenylate kinase 5 encephalitis: Clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and management of this rare entity.

The spectrum and understanding of antibody-positive autoimmune encephalitis (AE) have expanded over the past few decades. In 2007, a rare subtype of AE known as anti-adenylate kinase 5 (AK5) encephalitis, was first reported. This disease is more common in elderly males, with limbic encephalitis as the core phenotype (characterized by subacute anterograde amnesia, sometimes with psychiatric symptoms, and rarely with seizures).

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antibody overlapping syndrome: insights from the recent case reports.

The overlapping of two or more types of neural autoantibodies in one patient has increasingly been documented in recent years. The coexistence of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antibodies is most common, which leads to a unique condition known as the MOG antibody and NMDAR antibody overlapping syndrome (MNOS). Here, we have reviewed the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, paraclinical features, and treatment of MNOS.

Oxysophoridine protects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury via inhibition of TLR4/p38MAPK‑mediated ferroptosis.

Oxysophoridine (OSR) is an alkaloid extracted from L. and exerts beneficial effects in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the regulatory effects of OSR in cerebral I/R injury remains unclear.

Phenotyping the late- and younger-onset neuronal surface antibody-mediated autoimmune encephalitis: a multicenter study.

Neuronal surface antibody-mediated autoimmune encephalitis (NSAE) occurs across a wide age range. However, few studies focused on the onset age and their related characteristics. We aimed to explore the age-dependent profile of NSAE.

Evaluation of CSF albumin quotient in neuronal surface antibody-associated autoimmune encephalitis.

Background And Objectives: Disruption of brain barriers is considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of neuronal surface antibody-associated autoimmune encephalitis (NSAE), but few studies have focused on their relationship. We aimed to explore the association between the integrity of brain barriers and clinical and paraclinical characteristics in patients with NSAE.

Methods: This retrospective study consecutively recruited patients with NSAE.

Seizures and epilepsy in multiple sclerosis, aquaporin 4 antibody-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease.

Seizure is one of the manifestations of central nervous system inflammatory demyelinating diseases, which mainly include multiple sclerosis (MS), aquaporin 4 antibody-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4-NMOSD), and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD). Acute symptomatic seizures secondary to MS/AQP4-NMOSD/MOGAD occur in the acute phase of the diseases, and are more frequent in MOGAD. In contrast, recurrent nonprovoked seizures, mainly attributed to autoimmune-associated epilepsy, occur in the nonacute phase of the diseases.

Evaluation of the Updated Diagnostic Criteria for Paraneoplastic Neurologic Syndromes in China.

Background: Recently, the paraneoplastic neurologic syndrome (PNS) diagnostic criteria have received a major update with a new score system over the past 16 years. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance and clinical utility in China.

Methods: An eligible cohort of 113 Chinese patients diagnosed with PNSs from the Second Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University and published data were enrolled retrospectively.

Clinical Relevance of Cerebrospinal Fluid Antibody Titers in Anti--Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis.

Anti--methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is the most common autoimmune encephalitis. To date, there has been no study on the relationship between antibody (Ab) titers and clinical phenotype. This study aims to clarify the relationship between cerebrospinal fluid Ab titers and clinical manifestations of anti-NMDAR encephalitis at onset.

The Gaps Between the Self and Professional Evaluation in Mental Health Assessment of COVID-19 Cluster Cases.

To analyze the discrepancy between self-rating and professional evaluation of mental health status in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cluster cases. A total of 65 COVID-19 cluster cases admitted to Beijing Ditan Hospital Capital Medical University from June 14, 2020 to June 16, 2020 were included in the study. Mental health assessment was completed by self-rating and professional evaluation.

Validation of the Clinical Assessment Scale for Autoimmune Encephalitis: A Multicenter Study.

Introduction: A new scale, named the Clinical Assessment Scale for Autoimmune Encephalitis (CASE), has recently been developed for rating the severity of autoimmune encephalitis (AE) with a high level of clinimetric properties. In this study, our primary objective was to validate the performance of CASE through a multicenter study in China.

Methods: Between July 2014 and December 2019, 143 consecutive patients with definite neuronal surface antibody-associated AE from three tertiary hospitals were enrolled in the study.

Seasonal variation in autoimmune encephalitis: A multi-center retrospective study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the seasonal distribution in clinical onset of autoimmune encephalitis (AE) in a multi-center cohort in China.

Methods: This retrospective study consecutively recruited patients with new-onset definite neuronal surface antibody-associated AE between January 2015 and December 2020 from 3 tertiary hospitals. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the participants were comprehensively collected.

High prevalence of occult thrombosis in cases of mild/moderate COVID-19.

Background And Purpose: An increasing number of reports have observed thrombosis in severe cases of COVID-19. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of thromboembolism in mild/moderate cases of COVID-19. All of the patients had normal coagulation tests and none had any overt thrombotic complications.

Distinct expression of SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 correlates with endotypes of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) entry factors, ACE2 and TMPRSS2, are highly expressed in nasal epithelial cells. However, the association between SARS-CoV-2 and nasal inflammation in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) has not been investigated. We thus investigated the expression of SARS-CoV-2 entry factors in nasal tissues of CRSwNP patients, and their associations with inflammatory endotypes of CRSwNP.

Salvianolic acid A attenuates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury induced rat brain damage, inflammation and apoptosis by regulating miR-499a/DDK1.

Background And Objectives: Salvianolic acid A (SAA) is a main component derived from Salvia miltiorrhiza and has been revealed to protect against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI). The present study was designed to evaluate the neuroprotective role of SAA in CIRI and explore its underlying mechanism and .

Methods: To determine the neuroprotective effects of SAA on CIRI , the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rat model was established.