ADP-Hep-Induced Liquid Phase Condensation of TIFA-TRAF6 Activates ALPK1/TIFA-Dependent Innate Immune Responses.

The ALPK1 (alpha-kinase 1)-TIFA (TRAF-interacting protein with fork head-associated domain)-TRAF6 signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in regulating inflammatory processes, with TIFA and TRAF6 serving as key molecules in this cascade. Despite its significance, the functional mechanism of TIFA-TRAF6 remains incompletely understood. In this study, we unveil that TIFA undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) induced by ALPK1 in response to adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-β-D-manno-heptose (ADP-Hep) recognition.

Corrigendum: TiO/g-CN visible light photocatalytic performance on hypophosphite oxidation: Effect of annealing temperature.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.

Harnessing the therapeutic potential of extracellular vesicles for cancer treatment.

Cancer therapeutic strategies include surgeries, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapies. However, current cancer treatment still faces challenges such as postoperative residuals, postoperative recurrence, chemoradiotherapy resistance and lack of drugs with high specificity, due to the complexity of the cancer environment. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid-capsuled membrane vesicles secreted from cells, communicating vital messages between cells and regarding function in tumorigenesis and metastasis.

Extracellular vesicles derived from ODN-stimulated macrophages transfer and activate Cdc42 in recipient cells and thereby increase cellular permissiveness to EV uptake.

Endosomal Toll-like receptors (TLRs) mediate intracellular innate immunity via the recognition of DNA and RNA sequences. Recent work has reported a role for extracellular vesicles (EVs), known to transfer various nucleic acids, in uptake of TLR-activating molecules, raising speculation about possible roles of EVs in innate immune surveillance. Whether EV-mediated uptake is a general mechanism, however, was unresolved; and the molecular machinery that might be involved was unknown.

TiO/g-CN Visible Light Photocatalytic Performance on Hypophosphite Oxidation: Effect of Annealing Temperature.

The oxidation of hypophosphite to phosphate is the key to recover the phosphorus resource from the hypophosphite wastewater. In the present work, TiO/g-CN composites were synthesized at two different temperatures (100 and 160°C) and their performance on photocatalytic oxidation of hypophosphite under visible light irradiation and the corresponding mechanism were evaluated. A hydrolysis method using g-CN and TiO was applied to synthesize the TiO/g-CN composites with their hybrid structure and morphology confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS).

Chinese herbal medicines promote hippocampal neuroproliferation, reduce stress hormone levels, inhibit apoptosis, and improve behavior in chronically stressed mice.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: An efficacious antidepressant without unwanted side effects is need urgently at present. This study aimed to investigate whether treatment with four Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs), namely Radix Astragali, Saposhnikovia divaricate (SD), Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. bark (EU), and Corydalis yanhusuo W.

Three Chinese herbal medicines promote neuroproliferation in vitro, and reverse the effects of chronic mild stress on behavior, the HPA axis, and proliferation of hippocampal precursor cell in vivo.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The present study investigated whether Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) could reverse the effects of chronic mild stress (CMS) in a depression-like mouse model.

Materials And Methods: The effects of three Chinese herbals, Rhizome Chuanxiong, Radix Scutellaria and Radix Phellodendri on promoting neuroproliferation were evaluated in vitro first and followed by in vivo study of mice which were received by an experimental setting of CMS for 14 days. The effects of the three CHMs on depression were evaluated using a behavioral test, named a forced swimming test (FST).