Evaluation of the antiviral activity of oleanolic acid against nervous necrosis virus.

Viral nervous necrosis (VNN) presents a significant challenge to aquaculture due to its potential for causing mass fish mortality and resulting in substantial economic losses. Therefore, the urgent need to find antiviral drugs is paramount. This study found that oleanolic acid (OA) exhibited anti-nervous necrosis virus (NNV) activity both in vivo and in vitro.

Catechol compounds as dual-targeting agents for fish protection against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis infections.

Aquaculture is one of the fastest growing sectors in global food production, recognized as a significant contributor to poverty alleviation, food security, and income generation. However, the frequent occurrence of diseases caused by pathogen infections result in reduced yields and economic losses, posing a substantial constraint to the sustainable development of aquaculture. Here, our study identified that four catechol compounds, quercetin, luteolin, caffeic acid, and chlorogenic acid, exhibited potent antiparasitic effects against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis in both, in vitro and in vivo.

Vaccine Molecule Design Based on Phage Display and Computational Modeling against Rhabdovirus.

Rhabdoviruses with rich species lead a variety of high lethality and rapid transmission diseases to plants and animals around the globe. Vaccination is one of the most effective approaches to prevent and control virus disease. However, the key antigenic epitopes of glycoprotein being used for vaccine development are unclear.

Rationally Designed Self-Assembling Nanovaccines Elicit Robust Mucosal and Systemic Immunity against Rhabdovirus.

Viral diseases have constantly caused great threats to global public health, resulting in an urgent need for effective vaccines. However, the current viral vaccines often show low immunogenicity. To counter this, we report a smart strategy of a well-designed modular nanoparticle (LSG-TDH) that recapitulates the dominant antigen SG, low-molecular-weight protamine, and tetralysine-modified H-chain apoferritin (TDH).

Recombinant surface display vaccine enhances the immersion immune effect against grass carp reovirus in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella).

Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) is subject to a hemorrhagic disease caused by grass carp reovirus (GCRV), which can lead to mass mortality in grass carp culture, causing significant economic loss. Vaccination is the most promising strategy for the prevention of infectious diseases. Immersion vaccination is considered the most effective disease prevention method for juvenile fish because it can be implemented on many fish at once and administered without causing stress.

Antiviral, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of rhein against white spot syndrome virus infection in red swamp crayfish ().

Aquaculture is essential for ensuring global food security by providing a significant source of animal protein. However, the spread of the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) has resulted in considerable economic losses in crustacean industries. In this study, we evaluated the antiviral activity of rhein, the primary bioactive component of L.

4'-(8-(4-Methylimidazole)-octyloxy)-arctigenin: The first inhibitor of fish rhabdovirus glycoprotein.

Spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV), a highly pathogenic rhabdovirus, could cause spring viraemia of carp (SVC) with up to 90% lethality. Like other rhabdoviruses, the entry of SVCV into susceptible cells was mediated by a single envelope glycoprotein G. Specific inhibitors targeting the glycoprotein were the most effective means to alleviate the epidemic.

Peptide photowrapping of gold-silica nanocomposites for constructing MMP-responsive drug capsules for chemo-photothermal therapy.

A multifunctional undecapeptide, YYDPLGLADYY, was designed and synthesized for the photowrapping of silica-coated gold nanorods. The obtained nanocapsules, bearing a well-defined core-shell structure, were able to encapsulate a therapeutic drug, respond to an MMP-upregulated tumor microenvironment, and achieve NIR-triggered anticancer chemo-photothermal therapy with favorable efficacy.

Enterobacter asburiae E7, a Novel Potential Probiotic, Enhances Resistance to Aeromonas veronii Infection via Stimulating the Immune Response in Common Carp ().

Probiotics are an alternative strategy for antibiotics, but most probiotics are Gram-positive bacteria suitable for terrestrial animals. Therefore, it is imperative to develop dedicated probiotics for the common carp industry to be ecologically efficient and environmentally friendly. A novel Enterobacter asburiae named E7 was isolated from the intestine of healthy common carp and displayed an extensive antibacterial spectrum against Aeromonas hydrophila, A.

Biomimetic nanovaccine based on erythrocyte membrane enhances immune response and protection against tilapia lake virus.

An infectious disease emerged in recent years, Tilapia Lake Virus Disease (TiLVD), has severely restricted the development of global tilapia industry. Vaccination has proved potential strategy to prevent its causative agent Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV) infectious. However, the response intensity of subunit vaccine is limited by its low immunogenicity, thus inclusion of adjuvants is required.

Nocardia seriolae mediates liver granulomatous chronic inflammation in Micropterus salmoides through pyroptosis.

Granulomatous diseases caused by Nocardia seriously endanger the health of cultured fish. These bacteria are widely distributed, but prevention and treatment methods are very limited. Chronic granulomatous inflammation is an important pathological feature of Nocardia infection.

Efficient Aerobic Oxidative Coupling of Methyl Heteroarenes with Indoles.

Direct oxidative coupling of inert C(sp )-H bond has been a great challenge. Herein, an environmentally friendly aerobic oxidative coupling of α-methyl substituted N-heteroarenes with indoles is reported. A variety of diheteroaryl ketones were prepared in good yields (up to 72 %).

A therapeutic agent of ursolic acid demonstrates potential application in aquaculture.

Micropterus salmoides rhabdovirus (MSRV) has a high mortality rate and causes huge economic losses to the aquaculture industry. In this study, we identified that ursolic acid (UA) had antiviral efficacy against MSRV in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that UA inhibited MSRV replication in grass carp ovary (GCO) cells with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC) of 5.

Dual-Targeting Polymer Nanoparticles Efficiently Deliver DNA Vaccine and Induce Robust Prophylactic Immunity against Spring Viremia of Carp Virus Infection.

Spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) is highly contagious and lethal to most cyprinid fish, causing serious economic losses to the carp aquaculture industry. Although DNA vaccines can generate long-term humoral and cellular immune responses, which provide protective immunity against SVCV, the major drawback of DNA vaccines is their low immunogenicity in clinical tests. Here, we construct a dual-targeted polymer DNA vaccine delivery platform (MCS-PCHG) by using mannosylated chitosan to encapsulate the poly(d,l-lactide--glycolide)-loaded DNA vaccine containing the heavy-chain C3 region (CH3) of common carp IgM and the antigenic domain (G131c).

Protective immunity by DNA vaccine against Micropterus salmoides rhabdovirus.

Micropterus salmoides rhabdovirus (MSRV) is one of the common pathogens in the largemouth bass industry, which can cause lethal diseases in juvenile fish and enormous economic losses. To establish effective means to prevent MSRV infection, the pcDNA3.1-G plasmid containing the MSRV glycoprotein gene was successfully constructed and intramuscularly injected into the largemouth bass to evaluate the immune responses and protective effects in our study.

The C(sp)-H bond functionalization of thioethers with styrenes with insight into the mechanism.

A metal-free inactive C(sp)-H bond functionalization of thioethers with styrenes using TBHP as an initiator and DBU as a base has been developed. This transformation has broken through the low activity of thioethers and realized moderate yields. Herein extended experiments were conducted to confirm the radical relay process, reaction energy and intermediate transformations.

Screening and evaluating honokiol from Magnolia officinalis against Nocardia seriolae infection in largemouth bass (Micropterus Salmoides).

Nocardiosis caused by Nocardia seriolae is a major threat to the aquaculture industry. Given that prolonged therapy administration can lead to a growth of antibiotic resistant strains, new antibacterial agents and alternative strategies are urgently needed. In this study, 80 medicinal plants were selected for antibacterial screening to obtain potent bioactive compounds against N.

In vitro and in vivo inhibition of a novel arctigenin derivative on aquatic rhabdovirus.

Spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV) poses a serious threat to aquaculture industry due to the lack of approved antiviral treatments. Therefore, a novel arctigenin derivative, 4-(2-methylimidazole) octanoxy-arctigenin (MON), was synthesized to assess the antiviral activity against SVCV in vitro and in vivo. The results indicated MON decreased the SVCV glycoprotein (G) gene expression in vitro by a maximum inhibitory rate of > 99% at 3.

Quinoline, with the active site of 8-hydroxyl, efficiently inhibits Micropterus salmoides rhabdovirus (MSRV) infection in vitro and in vivo.

Micropterus salmoides rhabdovirus (MSRV) is an significant pathogen that causes high mortality and related economic losses in bass aquaculture. There is no effective or approved therapy to date. In this study, we evaluated the anti-MSRV effects of 22 quinoline derivatives in grass carp ovary (GCO) cells.

Copper-Catalyzed Aldehyde Exchanged Amidation.

The synthesis of bioactive amides has been the pursuit of chemists. Herein secondary amides incorporated with an aldehyde group were first generated using aldehydes and secondary amines. Various (hetero)aryl aldehydes and even aliphatic aldehydes (>40 examples) were converted into the desired products in moderate to excellent yields (up to 89%).

Amantadine, a promising therapeutic agent against viral encephalopathy and retinopathy.

Outbreaks of viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER) in marine and freshwater species severely devastate the aquaculture worldwide. The causative agent of VER is nervous necrosis virus (NNV), which mainly infects the early developmental stages of fish, limiting the effectiveness of vaccines. To counter this case, the anti-NNV potentials of nine drugs with broad-spectrum antiviral activity were explored using ribavirin as a positive drug.

A Nanobody-Mediated Virus-Targeting Drug Delivery Platform for the Central Nervous System Viral Disease Therapy.

Viral diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) represent a major global health concern. Difficulties in treating these diseases are caused mainly by the biological tissues and barriers, which hinder the transport of drugs into the CNS. To counter this, a nanobody-mediated virus-targeting drug delivery platform (SWCNTs-P-A-Nb) is constructed for CNS viral disease therapy.

Ophiopogon japonicus inhibits white spot syndrome virus proliferation in vivo and enhances immune response in Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis.

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is a fatal pathogen threatening global crustacean industry with no commercially available drugs to control. Herbal medicines have been widely used to treat a number of viral infections, which could offer a rich reserve for antiviral drug discovery. Here, we evaluated the inhibition activities of 30 herbal medicines against WSSV in Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis.

Acyclovir inhibits white spot syndrome virus replication in crayfish Procambarus clarkii.

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is a fatal pathogen threatening global crustacean industry with no commercially available drugs to control WSSV. To address the urgent need for finding effective antiviral agents against WSSV, we examined the anti-WSSV activities of 11 common antiviral agents in crayfish Procambarus clarkia. The results showed that acyclovir displayed the highest inhibition on WSSV replication in vivo (92.

Light-Promoted and Tertiary-Amine-Assisted Hydroxysulfenylation of Alkenes: Selective and Direct One-Pot Synthesis of β-Hydroxysulfides.

A light-promoted and tertiary-amine-assisted strategy for efficient hydroxysulfenylation of both electron-rich and electron-deficient alkenes with thiophenols to selectively and directly access β-hydroxysulfides in one pot is described herein. In contrast to the previously reported thiol-oxygen co-oxidation reactions, this simple and sustainable approach features mild reaction conditions, high efficiency, and excellent functional group tolerance.