Serum netrin-1 serves as a prognostic biomarker of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Background: Netrin-1 exhibits anti-inflammatory properties. Netrin-1 could alleviate brain injury of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) rat. This study was designed to discern the utility of serum netrin-1 as a biomarker for assessing the severity and prognosis of patients with aneurysmal SAH.

The NLRP3 Inflammasome: An Important Driver of Neuroinflammation in Hemorrhagic Stroke.

Hemorrhagic stroke is a devastating clinical event with no effective medical treatment. Neuroinflammation, which follows a hemorrhagic stroke, is an important element that involves both acute brain injury and subsequent brain rehabilitation. Therefore, delineating the key inflammatory mediators and deciphering their pathophysiological roles in hemorrhagic strokes is of great importance in the development of novel therapeutic targets for this disease.

Elevated serum IL-11, TNF α, and VEGF expressions contribute to the pathophysiology of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (HICH).

To study the changes in serum interleukin-11 (IL-11), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expressions following hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (HICH), and explore their associations with disease severity and prognosis. Serum IL-11, TNF-α, and VEGF levels after 1, 3, 7, and 14 days after HICH were assayed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and neurological deficit score (NDS) were recorded at admission and discharge for 99 HICH cases. Then 45 healthy controls were included and assayed for serum IL-11, TNF-α, and VEGF levels.