Two-Dimensional Boridene Nanosheets for Efficient Electrochemical Nitrogen Fixation Under Ambient Conditions.

The carbon-free electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) is an alternative technology to the current Haber-Bosch method, that can be conducted under ambient conditions, and directly converting water and nitrogen (N₂) into ammonia (NH₃). However, the limited activity and selectivity of NH₃ electrosynthesis hinder the practical applications of NRR. In this study, we present a novel type of electrocatalyst called boridene nanosheets enriched with metal vacancies that are specifically designed for efficient electrocatalytic NRR under ambient conditions.

High Mass Transfer Rate in Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Achieved with Efficient Quasi-Gas Phase System.

The adhesion of H bubbles on the electrode surface is one of the main factors limiting the performance of H evolution of electrolytic water, especially at high current density. To overcome this problem, here a "quasi-gas phase" electrolytic water reaction system based on capillary effect is proposed for the first time to improve the mass transfer efficiency of H. The typical feature of this reaction system is that the main site of H evolution reaction is transferred from the bulk aqueous solution to the gas phase environment above the bulk aqueous solution, thus effectively inhibiting the aggregation of H bubbles and reducing the resistance of their diffusion away.

Construction of α-Halogenated Boronic Esters via Visible Light-Induced C-H Bromination.

α-Halogenated boronic esters are versatile building blocks that can be diversified into a wide variety of polyfunctionalized molecules. However, their synthetic potential has been hampered by limited preparation methods. Herein, we report a visible light-induced C-H bromination reaction of readily available benzyl boronic esters.

Laser-induced nitrogen fixation.

For decarbonization of ammonia production in industry, alternative methods by exploiting renewable energy sources have recently been explored. Nonetheless, they still lack yield and efficiency to be industrially relevant. Here, we demonstrate an advanced approach of nitrogen fixation to synthesize ammonia at ambient conditions via laser-induced multiphoton dissociation of lithium oxide.

A Nitrogen Battery Electrode involving Eight-Electron Transfer per Nitrogen for Energy Storage.

Redox flow batteries have been discussed as scalable and simple stationary energy storage devices. However, currently developed systems encounter less competitive energy density and high costs, restricting their wider application. There is a lack of appropriate redox chemistry, preferably based on active materials that are abundant in nature and show high solubility in aqueous electrolytes.

Facile Access to Cyclopropylboronates via Stereospecific Deborylative Cyclization: A Leaving Group-Assisted Activation of Geminal Diborons.

Herein we reported a transition metal-free deborylative cyclization strategy, based on which two routes have been developed, generating racemic and enantioenriched cyclopropylboronates. The cyclization of geminal-bis(boronates) bearing a leaving group was highly diastereoselective, tolerating a few functional groups and applicable to heterocycles. When optically active epoxides were used as the starting materials, enantioenriched cyclopropylboronates could be efficiently prepared with >99 % stereospecificity.

Enabled Efficient Ammonia Synthesis and Energy Supply in a Zinc-Nitrate Battery System by Separating Nitrate Reduction Process into Two Stages.

The aqueous electrocatalytic reduction of NO into NH (NitrRR) presents a sustainable route applicable to NH production and potentially energy storage. However, the NitrRR involves a directly eight-electron transfer process generally required a large overpotential (<-0.2 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (vs.

SNS-032 attenuates liver fibrosis by anti-active hepatic stellate cells inhibition of cyclin dependent kinase 9.

Liver fibrosis is a common pathological process of all chronic liver diseases. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play a central role in the development of liver fibrosis. Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) is a cell cycle kinase that regulates mRNA transcription and elongation.

Saving the Energy Loss in Lithium-Mediated Nitrogen Fixation by Using a Highly Reactive Li N Intermediate for C-N Coupling Reactions.

Direct synthesis of N-containing organic compounds from dinitrogen (N ) can make synthetic chemistry more sustainable. Previous bottlenecks in lithium-mediated N fixation were resolved by loading Li-metal anodes covered with the typical Li ion-conducting solid electrolyte interface, which are subsequently allowed to react with N . The developed strategy allowed us to reach high Faradaic efficiencies toward Li N.

Antibiotic pretreatment promotes orally-administered triptolide absorption and aggravates hepatotoxicity and intestinal injury in mice.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Triptolide (TP) exhibits extensive pharmacological activity, but its hepatotoxicity and intestinal injury are significant and limit its clinical use.

Aim Of The Study: To investigate the effect of gut microbiota disturbance after antibiotic pretreatment on TP-induced hepatotoxicity, intestinal injury and their mechanism.

Materials And Methods: We compared the characteristics of TP-induced hepatotoxicity and intestinal injury in mice with or without antibiotic pretreatment.

ebv-circRPMS1 promotes the progression of EBV-associated gastric carcinoma via Sam68-dependent activation of METTL3.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a tumor virus that is associated with a variety of neoplasms, including EBV-associated gastric carcinoma (EBVaGC). Recently, EBV was reported to generate various circular RNAs (circRNAs). CircRNAs are important regulators of tumorigenesis by modulating the malignant behaviors of tumor cells.

Hypoxia-induced ebv-circLMP2A promotes angiogenesis in EBV-associated gastric carcinoma through the KHSRP/VHL/HIF1α/VEGFA pathway.

EBV-encoded circular RNA LMP2A (ebv-circLMP2A) was found to be expressed in EBV-associated gastric carcinoma (EBVaGC) and associated with distant metastasis and poor prognosis. Angiogenesis is a key step in tumor invasion and metastasis and plays a crucial role in tumor progression. However, it is unclear whether and how ebv-circLMP2A is involved in angiogenesis.

Amygdalin Ameliorates Liver Fibrosis through Inhibiting Activation of TGF-β/Smad Signaling.

Objective: To observe the effect of amygdalin on liver fibrosis in a liver fibrosis mouse model, and the underlying mechanisms were partly dissected in vivo and in vitro.

Methods: Thirty-two male mice were randomly divided into 4 groups, including control, model, low- and high-dose amygdalin-treated groups, 8 mice in each group. Except the control group, mice in the other groups were injected intraperitoneally with 10% carbon tetrachloride (CCl)-olive oil solution 3 times a week for 6 weeks to induce liver fibrosis.

Comprehensive Understanding of the Thriving Ambient Electrochemical Nitrogen Reduction Reaction.

The electrochemical method of combining N and H O to produce ammonia (i.e., the electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction [E-NRR]) continues to draw attention as it is both environmentally friendly and well suited for a progressively distributed farm economy.

Hepatic Proteomic Changes and Sirt1/AMPK Signaling Activation by Oxymatrine Treatment in Rats With Non-alcoholic Steatosis.

Background: Currently, active ingredients of herbal extracts that can suppress lipid accumulation in the liver have been considered a potential treatment option for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Methods: Steatosis rat model was created by high fat and high sucrose diet feeding and treated with oxymatrine (OMT). Serum biochemical parameters, liver histology and lipid profiles were examined.

Advanced Non-metallic Catalysts for Electrochemical Nitrogen Reduction under Ambient Conditions.

The electrochemical reduction of nitrogen into ammonia under ambient conditions is a potential strategy for sustainable ammonia production. At present, one of the main research directions in the field of electrochemical nitrogen fixation is to improve the current efficiency and ammonia yield by developing efficient nitrogen reduction catalysts. To optimise the selectivity and catalytic activity of nitrogen reduction catalysts more efficiently, herein, we systematically summarise the progress of research on nitrogen reduction catalysts in recent years and present some general catalyst design strategies.

Ammonia Synthesis Under Ambient Conditions: Selective Electroreduction of Dinitrogen to Ammonia on Black Phosphorus Nanosheets.

Constructing efficient catalysts for the N reduction reaction (NRR) is a major challenge for artificial nitrogen fixation under ambient conditions. Herein, inspired by the principle of "like dissolves like", it is demonstrated that a member of the nitrogen family, well-exfoliated few-layer black phosphorus nanosheets (FL-BP NSs), can be used as an efficient nonmetallic catalyst for electrochemical nitrogen reduction. The catalyst can achieve a high ammonia yield of 31.

Yiguanjian decoction enhances fetal liver stem/progenitor cell-mediated repair of liver cirrhosis through regulation of macrophage activation state.

Aim: To investigate whether Yiguanjian decoction (YGJ) has an anti-liver cirrhotic effect and whether it regulates hepatic stem cell differentiation.

Methods: A rat model of liver cirrhosis was established via subcutaneous injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCl) for 8 wk. From the beginning of the ninth week, the rats received 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) by oral gavage and a DLK-1 fetal liver stem/progenitor cell (FLSPC) transplant or an FLSPC transplant in combination with YGJ treatment for 4 wk.

[Effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on CCl₄-induced liver injury in rats and intervention effects of Yiguanjian].

The aim of this paper was to observe the function of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) transplantation in process of liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) and the intervention effect of Yiguanjian (YGJ), a compound of Chinese herbal medicine. Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: normal group, model group, cell transplantation (CT) group, YGJ group and cell transplantation plus Yiguanjian (CTY) group. Liver injury was induced through subcutaneous injection with CCl₄ at a dose of 3 mL·kg⁻¹ body weight for 4 weeks, twice a week.

Molybdenum Carbide Nanodots Enable Efficient Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Fixation under Ambient Conditions.

Electrocatalytic nitrogen fixation is considered a promising approach to achieve NH production. However, due to the chemical inertness of nitrogen, it is necessary to develop efficient catalysts to facilitate the process of nitrogen reduction. Here, molybdenum carbide nanodots embedded in ultrathin carbon nanosheets (Mo C/C) are developed to serve as a catalyst candidate for highly efficient and robust N fixation through an electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR).

Ammonia Electrosynthesis with High Selectivity under Ambient Conditions via a Li Incorporation Strategy.

We report the discovery of a dramatically enhanced N electroreduction reaction (NRR) selectivity under ambient conditions via the Li incorporation into poly(N-ethyl-benzene-1,2,4,5-tetracarboxylic diimide) (PEBCD) as a catalyst. The detailed electrochemical evaluation and density functional theory calculations showed that Li association with the O atoms in the PEBCD matrix can retard the HER process and can facilitate the adsorption of N to afford a high potential scope for the NRR process to proceed in the "[O-Li]·N-H" alternating hydrogenation mode. This atomic-scale incorporation strategy provides new insight into the rational design of NRR catalysts with higher selectivity.