Machine Unlearning: Taxonomy, Metrics, Applications, Challenges, and Prospects.

Personal digital data is a critical asset, and governments worldwide have enforced laws and regulations to protect data privacy. Data users have been endowed with the "right to be forgotten" (RTBF) of their data. In the course of machine learning (ML), the forgotten right requires a model provider to delete user data and its subsequent impact on ML models upon user requests.

Anti-colorectal cancer effect of total minor ginsenosides produced by lactobacilli transformation of major ginsenosides by inducing apoptosis and regulating gut microbiota.

Objective: Minor ginsenosides have demonstrated promising anticancer effects in previous reports. Total minor ginsenosides (TMG) were obtained through the fermentation of major ginsenosides with , and potential anticancer effects of TMGs on the mouse colon cancer cell line CT26.WT, and , were investigated.

The Effect of Salt Reduction on the Microbial Community Structure and Metabolite Composition of Cheddar Cheese.

As consumer demand for low-salt diets increases, the development of low-salt cheese has emerged as a prevailing trend. To gain a deeper insight into the effects of salt reduction on cheddar cheese, this study used cheddar cheese with a 2.0% salt concentration (full salt, FS) as the standard control, exploring the differences in quality and composition between cheddar cheese with a 1.

Non-Targeted Metabolomics Analysis Reveals Metabolite Profiles Change During Whey Fermentation with .

Whey fermentation could produce bioactive substances with immunomodulatory effects, metabolic syndrome modulation, and antioxidant properties, thereby imparting functional characteristics to products and facilitating the development of novel foods with health-promoting potential. A non-targeted metabolomics approach using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was employed to investigate changes in the metabolite profiles of whey fermented by strain KM812 over varying fermentation durations. The findings demonstrated a progressive enrichment of metabolites over time.

Total minor ginsenosides exert anti-fatigue effects via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, regulating gut microbiota and serum metabolism.

Minor ginsenosides have demonstrated notable anti-fatigue capabilities. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-fatigue mechanisms of total minor ginsenosides (TMGs) derived from a process involving probiotic fermentation and high-pressure steam treatment. The fatigue model was established in BALB/c male mice using weight-bearing swimming and TMGs were administered by orally at a dosage of 200 mg/kg for four weeks.

Anticancer Effects of MZY531 Postbiotics in CT26 Colorectal Tumor-Bearing Mice by Regulating Apoptosis and Autophagy.

has been shown to have anticancer properties. However, there is limited research on the effects of postbiotic on colorectal cancer cell proliferation. Additionally, the exact mechanisms through which it influences apoptosis- and autophagy-related signaling pathways are yet to be thoroughly elucidated.

Combination of Lactiplantibacillus Plantarum ELF051 and Astragalus Polysaccharides Improves Intestinal Barrier Function and Gut Microbiota Profiles in Mice with Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the improvement of the intestinal barrier and gut microbiota in mice with antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) using Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ELF051 combined with Astragalus polysaccharides. The amoxicillin, clindamycin, and streptomycin triple-mixed antibiotic-induced AAD models were administered with L. plantarum ELF051 or Astragalus polysaccharides or L.

Physiological Mechanisms Underlying Tassel Symptom Formation in Maize Infected with .

Head smut is a soil-borne fungal disease caused by that infects maize tassels and ears. This disease poses a tremendous threat to global maize production. A previous study found markedly different and stably heritable tassel symptoms in some maize inbred lines with Sipingtou blood after infection with .

Transformation of Ginsenosides by MB11 Fermentation: Minor Ginsenosides Conversion and Enhancement of Anti-Colorectal Cancer Activity.

The present study aimed to increase the content of minor ginsenosides and enhance the anti-colorectal cancer activity of ginsenosides via biotransformation by MB11 screened from fermented foods. A subcutaneous transplantation tumor model of murine colorectal cancer CT26 cells was established in mice to study the anticarcinogenic activities and mechanism of fermented total ginsenosides (FTGs). The results showed that MB11 fermentation increased the content of minor ginsenosides and decreased that of major ginsenosides.

Intravenous transplantation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells improved behavioral deficits and altered fecal microbiota composition of BTBR mice.

Aims: It is recognized that autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly complex neurodevelopmental disorder with communication deficits as well as multiple social barriers. The core symptoms of ASD are not treatable with current therapeutics. Therefore, finding new treatment strategies for ASD is urgently needed.

Increasing minor ginsenosides contents and enhancing neuroprotective effects of total ginsenosides fermented by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum.

Minor ginsenosides have been proven to have higher pharmacological activity than the major ginsenosides. The transformation of major ginsenosides to minor ginsenosides by lactic acid bacteria was considered to be a promising method. Therefore, this study focuses on utilizing glycosidase-producing Lactiplantibacillus plantarum GLP40 to transform total ginsenosides (TG) and increase the content of minor ginsenosides, as well as investigate the neuroprotective effects of fermented total ginsenosides (FTG).

Enhancing the inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis in H22 hepatoma cells through biotransformation of notoginsenoside R1 by S165 into 20(/)-notoginsenoside R2.

Notoginsenoside R2 is a crucial active saponin in (Burk.) F. H.

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ELF051 Alleviates Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea by Regulating Intestinal Inflammation and Gut Microbiota.

Probiotics are widely recognized for their ability to prevent and therapy antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD). This study was designed to evaluate Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ELF051 ability to prevent colon inflammation and its effect on gut microbial composition in a mouse model of AAD. The mice were intragastrically administered triple antibiotics for 7 days and then subjected to L.

Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus TF318 prevents depressive behavior in rats by inhibiting HPA-axis hyperactivity and upregulating BDNF expression.

Growing evidence suggests that probiotics can ameliorate depression by regulating the microbiota-gut-brain axis. However, the mechanism of action of probiotics in depressive disorders remains incompletely understood. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus TF318 in a corticosterone (CORT)-induced rat model of depression.

Weizmannia coagulans JA845 improves atherosclerosis induced by vitamin D3 and high-fat diet in rats through modulating lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and endothelial vascular injury.

Aims: Probiotics have been proved to be strongly linked to the occurrence and progression of atherosclerosis. This study aimed to investigate the improved effects and mechanisms underlying a potential probiotic, Weizmannia coagulans JA845, on atherosclerosis.

Methods And Results: Male Sprague-Dawley rats supported on a high-fat diet with vitamin D3 supplementation were subjected to W.

Evaluation of Federated Learning in Phishing Email Detection.

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) to detect phishing emails is primarily dependent on large-scale centralized datasets, which has opened it up to a myriad of privacy, trust, and legal issues. Moreover, organizations have been loath to share emails, given the risk of leaking commercially sensitive information. Consequently, it has been difficult to obtain sufficient emails to train a global AI model efficiently.

Evaluation of AS185 as an adjunct culture in probiotic cheddar cheese manufacture.

A novel probiotic AS185, isolated from traditional Chinese fermented foods, was used as an adjunct culture for probiotic cheddar cheese production. The physicochemical composition, textural, free amino acids (FAAs), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) profiles, sensory properties, and microbial survival, was evaluated during the 90-day ripening period. The addition of AS185 did not influence the physicochemical composition of cheddar cheese but significantly decreased the hardness without affecting its textural profile.

Diverse roles of the gene family in transcription regulation and various biotic and abiotic stresses: A literature review and bibliometric study.

CIPKs are a subclass of serine/threonine (Ser/Thr) protein kinases. CBLs are ubiquitous Ca sensors that interact with CIPK with the aid of secondary Ca messengers for regulation of growth and development and response to stresses faced by plants. The divergent roles of the CIPK-CBL interaction in plants include responding to environmental stresses (salt, cold, drought, pH, ABA signaling, and ion toxicity), ion homeostasis (K, NH , NO , and microelement homeostasis), biotic stress, and plant development.

A comparative study of different doses of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells improve post-stroke neurological outcomes via intravenous transplantation.

Background: Ischemic stroke treatments are intriguing and somewhat controversial. Recent findings have shown that human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) may have therapeutic potential in ischemic stroke. Our hypothesis was that MSC therapy would promote sensory and motor recovery.

Chondroitin sulfate stimulates the secretion of HS by Desulfovibrio to improve insulin sensitivity in NAFLD mice.

Hydrogen sulfide (HS) is a bioactive gas regulating insulin secretion and sensitivity, produced by sulfate-reducing bacteria in the gut. The present study investigated the effect of chondroitin sulfate (CS) treatment, which indirectly increased the HS production on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A 7-week CS supplementation had beneficial effects on body weight gain, liver function, hepatic histology, and serum lipid levels.

Cholesterol-induced conformational changes in the sterol-sensing domain of the Scap protein suggest feedback mechanism to control cholesterol synthesis.

Scap is a polytopic protein of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes that transports sterol regulatory element-binding proteins to the Golgi complex for proteolytic activation. Cholesterol accumulation in ER membranes prevents Scap transport and decreases cholesterol synthesis. Previously, we provided evidence that cholesterol inhibition is initiated when cholesterol binds to loop 1 of Scap, which projects into the ER lumen.

A single residue substitution accounts for the significant difference in thermostability between two isoforms of human cytosolic creatine kinase.

Creatine kinase (CK) helps maintain homeostasis of intracellular ATP level by catalyzing the reversible phosphotransfer between ATP and phosphocreatine. In humans, there are two cytosolic CK isoforms, the muscle-type (M) and the brain-type (B), which frequently function as homodimers (hMMCK and hBBCK). Interestingly, these isoenzymes exhibit significantly different thermostabilities, despite high similarity in amino acid sequences and tertiary structures.

Memristive crypto primitive for building highly secure physical unclonable functions.

Physical unclonable functions (PUFs) exploit the intrinsic complexity and irreproducibility of physical systems to generate secret information. The advantage is that PUFs have the potential to provide fundamentally higher security than traditional cryptographic methods by preventing the cloning of devices and the extraction of secret keys. Most PUF designs focus on exploiting process variations in Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) technology.