Regional Disparities, Economic Development, and Neonatal Mortality and Hospital Delivery in China.

Importance: A negative association between neonatal mortality and hospital delivery has been found in some low- and lower-middle-income countries but not in rural settings characterized by poor quality of maternal and child health care.

Objective: To examine the association between neonatal mortality and hospital delivery in China across urban and rural regions, regional disparities, and varying levels of economic development.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This retrospective cohort study used county-level data from 2008 to 2020 from the National Maternal & Child Health Statistics across mainland China.

Comparative genomic analysis of from different sources and horizontal transfer events of antimicrobial resistance genes.

Unlabelled: species are among the most common free-living amoeba and ubiquitous protozoa, mainly distributed in water and soil, and cause keratitis (AK) and severe visual impairment in patients. Although several studies have reported genomic characteristics of , limited sample sizes and sources have resulted in an incomplete understanding of the genetic diversity of from different sources. While endosymbionts exert a significant influence on the phenotypes of , including pathogenicity, virulence, and drug resistance, the species diversity and functional characterization remain largely unexplored.

Experiences of patients living with venous leg ulcers: A qualitative meta-synthesis.

Background: Venous Leg Ulcer is characterized by a prolonged course, delayed healing and high recurrence rate. Bringing challenges to patient treatment and care.Patients need to control the negative behavioral factors that affect wound healing and recurrence, which seriously affect their quality of life.

Psittacosis caused severe community-acquired pneumonia accompanied by acute hypoxic respiratory failure: a multicenter retrospective cohort study from China.

Introduction: Psittacosis can cause severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The clinical manifestations of psittacosis range from subclinical to fulminant psittacosis with multi-organ failure. It is essential to summarize the clinical characteristic of patients with severe psittacosis accompanied by acute hypoxic respiratory failure (AHRF).

Establishment of a mathematical prediction model for voriconazole stable maintenance dose: a prospective study.

Background: In patients with invasive fungal infection (IFI), the steady-state serum trough concentration ( ) of voriconazole (VCZ) is highly variable and can lead to treatment failure ( < 0.5 mg/L) and toxicity ( ≥ 5.0 mg/L).

Polymyxin B therapy based on therapeutic drug monitoring in carbapenem-resistant organisms sepsis: the PMB-CROS randomized clinical trial.

Background: The appropriate administration regimen of polymyxin B is yet controversial. The present study aimed to explore the optimal dose of polymyxin B under therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) guidance.

Methods: In China's Henan province, 26 hospitals participated in a randomized controlled trial.

Incidence, clinical characteristics, risk factors and outcomes of patients with mixed Candida/bacterial bloodstream infections: a retrospective study.

Purpose: The mixed Candida/bacterial bloodstream infections (mixed C/B-BSIs) is worthy of particular attention recently, and we analyzed the incidence, co-pathogens, clinical characteristics, risk factors, and outcomes of mixed C/B-BSIs compared with monomicrobial candidemia (mono-candidemia) in adult patients in China.

Methods: All hospitalized adults with candidemia were recruited for this retrospective observational study from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2019.

Results: Of the 296 patients with candidemia, 78 cases (26.

Development and validation of a risk prediction score for the severity of acute hypertriglyceridemic pancreatitis in Chinese patients.

Background: The frequency of acute hypertriglyceridemic pancreatitis (AHTGP) is increasing worldwide. AHTGP may be associated with a more severe clinical course and greater mortality than pancreatitis caused by other causes. Early identification of patients with severe inclination is essential for clinical decision-making and improving prognosis.

The Application Value of Metagenomic and Whole-Genome Capture Next-Generation Sequencing in the Diagnosis and Epidemiological Analysis of Psittacosis.

Background: To evaluate the value of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) for the early diagnosis of psittacosis, and to investigate its epidemiology by whole-genome capture.

Methods: Twenty-one bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and blood samples of 16 psittacosis patients from multiple centers during August 2019 to September 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. mNGS with normal datasets (10 M 75-bp single-end reads after sequencing) and larger datasets (30 M 150-bp paired-end reads after sequencing) as well as quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were used to detect the pathogen.

Long noncoding RNA MIR3142HG accelerates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury via miR-95-5p/JAK2 axis.

The study aims to clarify the expression pattern of MIR3142HG in acute lung injury (ALI) and investigate the potential mechanisms for the regulatory role of MIR3142HG in JAK/STAT in ALI. Notably, the ALI patients presented the overexpression of MIR3142HG and JAK2 in their serum samples. Knockdown of MIR3142HG facilitated cell viability but impaired cell apoptosis and inflammatory response via targeting miR-95-5p in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated ALI cells.

Age-specific effectiveness of primary human papillomavirus screening versus cytology in a cervical cancer screening program: a nationwide cross-sectional study.

Background: Primary human papillomavirus (HPV) screening is recommended for the detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in the general population; however, the triage for HPV-positive women remains a challenge. This study aimed to evaluate the age-specific effectiveness of primary HPV screening versus primary cytology screening for identifying optimal strategies for women of different ages.

Methods: The dataset of the prevalence round screening was derived from the National Cervical Cancer Screening Program in China.

Real-world effectiveness of primary screening with high-risk human papillomavirus testing in the cervical cancer screening programme in China: a nationwide, population-based study.

Background: Randomized controlled trials have shown a higher sensitivity and longer negative predictive value of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) testing than cytology for cervical cancer screening; however, little is known about the effectiveness of HPV testing in middle-income countries. Understanding the characteristics of HPV testing may increase the priority of HPV testing in health policies. The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of HPV testing in the national cervical cancer screening programme in China.

Endothelin receptor antagonists for pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Background: Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a devastating disease that leads to right heart failure and premature death. Endothelin receptor antagonists have shown efficacy in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of endothelin receptor antagonists (ERAs) in pulmonary arterial hypertension.

[The value of growth differentiation factor-15 and extravascular lung water index in severity grading of acute respiratory distress syndrome patients and their prognosis prediction].

Objective: To investigate the value of growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) and extravascular lung water index (EVLWI) in severity grading and prognosis prediction of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

Methods: Patients with ARDS aged 18-75 years admitted to the department of respiratory intensive care unit (RICU) of Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University from January 2019 to February 2020 were enrolled. All patients were treated with conventional therapies such as mechanical ventilation, anti-infection, stabilization of water, electrolytes and acid-base environment, blood purification and nutritional support according to their conditions.

Simultaneous Detection of Gene Fusions and Base Mutations in Cancer Tissue Biopsies by Sequencing Dual Nucleic Acid Templates in Unified Reaction.

Background: Targeted next-generation sequencing is a powerful method to comprehensively identify biomarkers for cancer. Starting material is currently either DNA or RNA for different variations, but splitting to 2 assays is burdensome and sometimes unpractical, causing delay or complete lack of detection of critical events, in particular, potent and targetable fusion events. An assay that analyzes both templates in a streamlined process is eagerly needed.

Association of China's universal two child policy with changes in births and birth related health factors: national, descriptive comparative study.

Objective: To measure the association of China's universal two child policy, announced in October 2015, with changes in births and health related birth characteristics.

Design: National, descriptive before-and-after comparative study.

Setting: Every county in 28 of 31 provinces of mainland China.

Retrospective analysis of relationships among the dose regimen, trough concentration, efficacy, and safety of teicoplanin in Chinese patients with moderate-severe Gram-positive infections.

Objectives: Teicoplanin, an antibiotic, has poor clinical efficacy when using the current drug label's recommended regimen, which is approved by the China Food and Drug Administration. This study explores the appropriate loading and maintenance doses of teicoplanin and evaluates the therapeutic target of teicoplanin trough concentration (minimum concentration []).

Subjects And Methods: All patients treated with teicoplanin from February 2015 to August 2016 at Zhengzhou Central Hospital were screened for enrollment.

Progress and challenges in maternal health in western China: a Countdown to 2015 national case study.

Background: China is one of the few Countdown countries to have achieved Millennium Development Goal 5 (75% reduction in maternal mortality ratio between 1990 and 2015). We aimed to examine the health systems and contextual factors that might have contributed to the substantial decline in maternal mortality between 1997 and 2014. We chose to focus on western China because poverty, ethnic diversity, and geographical access represent particular challenges to ensuring universal access to maternal care in the region.

Under-5 mortality in 2851 Chinese counties, 1996-2012: a subnational assessment of achieving MDG 4 goals in China.

Background: In the past two decades, the under-5 mortality rate in China has fallen substantially, but progress with regards to the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 4 at the subnational level has not been quantified. We aimed to estimate under-5 mortality rates in mainland China for the years 1970 to 2012.

Methods: We estimated the under-5 mortality rate for 31 provinces in mainland China between 1970 and 2013 with data from censuses, surveys, surveillance sites, and disease surveillance points.

[Secular trends of premarital medical examination in China during 1996 and 2013].

Objective: To describe the secular trends of premarital medical examination (PME) in China during 1996 and 2013 and to assess the impacts of national health policies on the PME rate.

Methods: The information on marriage and PME for districts and counties in 31 provinces of China was annually collected by the Office for National Maternal & Child Health Statistics of China, and the information on the health policies was from official governmental websites. According to the main health policies, the calendar years were categorized into 3 periods: 1996 to 2003 was mandatory PME period; 2004 to 2008 was encouraged voluntary PME period; and 2009 to 2013 was free-paid voluntary PME period.

Factors associated with the use of prenatal corticosteroids in the management of preterm delivery in Chinese hospitals.

Objective: To assess the prevalence of the use of prenatal corticosteroids (PCS) in the management of preterm delivery and the factors associated with PCS administration.

Methods: A secondary analysis was performed of a cross-sectional study conducted in 21 Chinese healthcare facilities between November 2010 and January 2011. The medical records of women who delivered preterm were reviewed.