Dried Apricot Polyphenols Suppress the Growth of A549 Human Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells by Inducing Apoptosis via a Mitochondrial-Dependent Pathway.

Dried apricots are rich in a variety of polyphenols, which have anti-cancer activity. In this study, 949 phenolic substances were found by means of UPLC-MS/MS, mainly including 2',7-dihydroxy-3',4'-dimethoxyisoflavan, scopoletin, rutin, quercetin-3-O-robinobioside, and elaidolinolenic acid. The results indicated that dried apricot polyphenols (DAPs) could cause cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 and G2/M phases by decreasing the cyclin D1, CDK4, cyclin B1, CDK1, and CDK6 levels in A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells.

Ameliorative Effects of Raisin Polyphenol Extract on Oxidative Stress and Aging In Vitro and In Vivo via Regulation of Sirt1-Nrf2 Signaling Pathway.

Raisins are an important source of polyphenolic compounds in plant foods, and polyphenols are associated with antioxidant and anti-aging activity. In this work, 628 polyphenols in raisin extracts were characterized using UPLC-MS/MS, mainly including tricetin 3'-glucuronide, diisobutyl phthalate, butyl isobutyl phthalate, isoquercitrin and 6-hydroxykaempferol-7-O-glucoside. The oxidative stress in HO-induced HepG2 cells and D-gal-induced aging mice was alleviated by raisin polyphenols (RPs) via increases in the cellular levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH), along with decreases in malonaldehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and advanced glycosylation end-products (AGEs) levels.

Influence of Body Mass Index on the Clinicopathological Features of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma in a Chinese Population.

Previous studies suggested a relationship between obesity and a high risk of thyroid cancer. However, the association between high body mass index (BMI) and the aggressiveness of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is controversial. In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of excess BMI on histopathologic aggressiveness of PTC in a Chinese population.

Detection of methicillin resistance of Staphylococcus aureus in vitreous humor using MALDI-TOF MS and Fc-MBL@FeO enrichment.

Endophthalmitis is a serious infectious eye disease that causes permanent vision loss. This study developed a method for rapid identification and drug resistance analysis of pathogens in vitreous humor. After short-term rapid culture, 30 Staphylococcus aureus isolates were enriched and purified from the vitreous humor using Fc-MBL@FeO, and then identified by MALDI-TOF MS.

colonic fermentation of fermented Radix Astragali by and anti-hyperuricemia mechanism based on network pharmacology and experiment verification.

Aim: This research aimed to probe the effects of fecal microbiota and on the metabolism of Radix Astragali (RA) and solid fermenting Radix Astragali (FRA). It further explores pharmacological effects of RA, , and FRA on HUA mouse model and the mechanisms in HUA treatment.

Methods: Fecal microbiota and were used to ferment FRA and RA in vitro to probe the impacts of microbiota on the metabolism of active compound.

Jatrophane and ingenane diterpenoids with anti-inflammatory activity from Euphorbia esula.

A phytochemical investigation into the plants of Euphorbia esula L. has yielded 19 diterpenoids, comprising 17 jatrophane-type (1-7 and 9-18) and two ingenane-type (8 and 19). The structures of these compounds were elucidated by a combination of spectrum elucidations, quantum chemical calculations, and X-ray single crystal diffraction.

Astragali radix vesicle-like nanoparticles improve energy metabolism disorders by repairing the intestinal mucosal barrier and regulating amino acid metabolism in sleep-deprived mice.

Background: Sleep disorder is widespread and involves a variety of intricate factors in its development. Sleep deprivation is a manifestation of sleep disorder, can lead to energy metabolism disturbances, weakened immune system, and compromised body functions. In extreme situations, sleep deprivation can cause organ failure, presenting significant risks to human health.

Comprehensive understanding of microplastics in compost: Ecological risks and degradation mechanisms.

The introduction of microplastics (MPs) into soil ecosystems via compost application has emerged as a critical environmental concern. However, the ecological risks and degradation behavior of MPs in compost remain insufficiently understood. This review addresses these gaps by synthesizing recent findings on MPs in composting systems, focusing on their sources, impacts on compost quality, ecological risks, and degradation mechanisms.

Optical quality changes of the eye during peak SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in young adults.

Introduction: To determine whether severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection affects corneal morphology and optical quality.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, ophthalmological indicators were examined during the peak of SARS-CoV-2 infection after adjusting for public health control measures. Participants were divided into control (remained uninfected), A (infected during follow-up), and B (infected prior to the first consultation) groups.

Evaluation of Carotid Stenosis in a High-Stroke-Risk Population by Hemodynamic Dual-Parameters Based on Ultrasound Vector Flow Imaging.

Objective: This study explored the feasibility of using high-frame-rate ultrasound vector flow imaging (VFI) to quantitatively assess hemodynamics in atherosclerotic internal carotid artery stenosis (ICAS) by evaluating dual-parameters, turbulence index (Tur), and wall shear stress (WSS). Their efficacy in evaluating carotid artery stenosis was also analyzed.

Methods: Fifty-nine patients with ICAS were enrolled.

Trends of genetic contributions on epigenetic clocks and related methylation sites with aging: A population-based adult twin study.

Several crucial acceleration periods exist during aging process. Epigenetic clocks, serving as indicators of aging, are influenced by genetic factors. Investigating how the genetic contributions on these clocks change with age may provide novel insights into the aging process.

Highly sensitive and rapid detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus using a dual-recognition platform based on functionalized quantum dots and aptamer.

As one of the most harmful pathogenic bacteria in shrimp aquaculture, Vibrio parahaemolyticus often causes massive mortality in shrimp. Accurate and rapid detection of V. parahaemolyticus in shrimp farming is essential for avoiding huge economic losses caused by related diseases.

Insights into diosgenin against inflammatory bowel disease as functional food based on network pharmacology and molecular docking.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a growing global health problem. IBD is commonly prevalent in Europe and America and the incidence rate in Asia is on the rise due to altered dietary structure. Diosgenin is a natural steroidal saponin derived from Dioscorea plants.

Surface protein analysis of breast cancer exosomes using visualized strategy on centrifugal disk chip.

Breast cancer, the most common cancer among women worldwide, lacks specific tumor markers for accurate diagnosis. Recent advances have highlighted tumor-derived exosomes as a promising non-invasive biomarker for cancer detection. Continuous monitoring of surface protein markers on exosomes in the blood could offer valuable insights for breast cancer diagnosis.

Shirebi granules ameliorate acute gouty arthritis by inhibiting NETs-induced imbalance between immunity and inflammation.

Background: Acute gouty arthritis (AGA) is classified as 'arthritis' in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory. Shirebi granules (SGs), derived from the classic prescription SiMiaoWan, exerts satisfying therapeutic efficacy in ameliorating AGA clinically. However, the underlying mechanisms of SGs against AGA remain unclarified.

Five years of change in adult twins: longitudinal changes of genetic and environmental influence on epigenetic clocks.

Background: Epigenetic clocks were known as promising biomarkers of aging, including original clocks trained by individual CpG sites and principal component (PC) clocks trained by PCs of CpG sites. The effects of genetic and environmental factors on epigenetic clocks are still unclear, especially for PC clocks.

Methods: We constructed univariate twin models in 477 same-sex twin pairs from the Chinese National Twin Registry (CNTR) to estimate the heritability of five epigenetic clocks (GrimAge, PhenoAge, DunedinPACE, PCGrimAge, and PCPhenoAge).

Association between epigenetic age and type 2 diabetes mellitus or glycemic traits: A longitudinal twin study.

Epigenetic clocks based on DNA methylation have been known as biomarkers of aging, including principal component (PC) clocks representing the degree of aging and DunedinPACE representing the pace of aging. Prior studies have shown the associations between epigenetic aging and T2DM, but the results vary by epigenetic age metrics and people. This study explored the associations between epigenetic age metrics and T2DM or glycemic traits, based on 1070 twins (535 twin pairs) from the Chinese National Twin Registry.

A deep learning-based calculation system for plaque stenosis severity on common carotid artery of ultrasound images.

Objectives: Assessment of plaque stenosis severity allows better management of carotid source of stroke. Our objective is to create a deep learning (DL) model to segment carotid intima-media thickness and plaque and further automatically calculate plaque stenosis severity on common carotid artery (CCA) transverse section ultrasound images.

Methods: Three hundred and ninety images from 376 individuals were used to train (235/390, 60%), validate (39/390, 10%), and test (116/390, 30%) on a newly proposed CANet model.