Protective Efficacy of an Inactivated Recombinant Serotype 4 Fowl Adenovirus Against Duck Adenovirus 3 in Muscovy Duck.

Background: Duck adenovirus 3 (DAdV-3) is an emerging pathogen that has caused severe economic losses to the duck industry in China. Recently, the infection of ducks with serotype 4 fowl adenovirus (FAdV-4) has also been reported in China. Therefore, an efficient bivalent vaccine to control the diseases caused by DAdV-3 and FAdV-4 is extremely urgent.

4-1BBL-Armed Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus Exerts Antitumor Effects in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly malignant tumor with a notably poor response to therapy due to its immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and intrinsic drug resistance. The oncolytic virus (OV) represents a promising therapeutic strategy capable of transforming the "cold" immunological profile of PDAC tumors to a "hot" one by reshaping the TME. 4-1BB (CD137), a crucial member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, plays a significant role in T-cell activation and function.

Detection of Rat Pain-Related Grooming Behaviors Using Multistream Recurrent Convolutional Networks on Day-Long Video Recordings.

In experimental pain studies involving animals, subjective pain reports are not feasible. Current methods for detecting pain-related behaviors rely on human observation, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive, particularly for lengthy video recordings. Automating the quantification of these behaviors poses substantial challenges.

Ultrasound-Assisted Enzymatic Extraction of Polysaccharides from : Optimization, Structural Characterization, and Inhibition of α-Synuclein Aggregation.

This study optimized ultrasound-assisted enzymatic (UAE) extraction of TMP ( polysaccharide) through response surface methodology. The optimal conditions included complex enzyme comprising 1.15% cellulase, 0.

Long-Lasting and High-Power-Density Yarn-Based Moisture-Enabled Electric Generator for Self-powered Electronic Textiles.

1D moisture-enabled electric generators (MEGs) hold great promise for powering electronic textiles, but their current limitations in power output and operational duration restrict their application in wearable technology. This study introduces a high-performance yarn-based moisture-enabled electric generator (YMEG), which comprises a carbon-fiber core, a cotton yarn active layer with a radial gradient of poly(4-styrensulfonic acid) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PSSA/PVA), and an aluminum wire as the outer electrode. The unique design maintains a persistent moisture gradient between the interior and exterior electrodes, enhancing performance through the continuous proton diffusion from PSSA and Al⁺ ions from the aluminum wire.

Outcome of utilizing real-time contrast medium to detect the fistulas in spinal epidural arachnoid cysts and treat with minimally invasive surgery.

Background: Spinal epidural arachnoid cysts (SEACs) are rare, non-neoplastic pathologies that can cause compressive myelopathy. Preoperative identification of the exact fistula location is crucial for minimally invasive management.

Methods: This single-center retrospective study included 27 patients with SEACs who underwent "double-needle puncture myelography" to precisely localize the fistula before minimally invasive surgery.

Exosomes derived from fibroblasts in DFUs delay wound healing by delivering miR-93-5p to target macrophage ATG16L1.

Diabetes is an extremely costly disease, one-third of which are attributed to the management of diabetic foot disease including chronic, non-healing, diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). Therefore, much effort is needed to understand the pathogenesis of DFUs and novel therapeutics. We utilized exosome staining to confirm the interaction between fibroblast-derived exosomes and macrophages.

Executive Summary of the American Radium Society Appropriate Use Criteria: Regional Nodal Irradiation for Breast Cancer.

Objectives: Recent literature has provided additional data to further individualize treatment recommendations on regional nodal irradiation (RNI) patient selection and delivery techniques, but controversies surrounding optimal RNI utilization remain, including radiation technique, modality selection, and internal mammary lymph node (IMN) inclusion. The American Radium Society (ARS) Breast Appropriate Use Criteria (AUC) Committee performed a systematic review and developed a consensus guideline to summarize recent data and provide evidence-based recommendations.

Methods: A multidisciplinary panel comprised of 15 members representing radiation oncologists, medical oncologists, and surgical oncologists specializing in the treatment of breast cancer conducted an analysis of the medical literature from January 1, 2011 to April 1, 2024.

Pyruvate Kinase-Based Novel 2-Thiazol-2-yl-1,3,4-oxadiazoles Discovery as Fungicidal Highly Active Leads.

To discover novel inhibitors of pyruvate kinase (PK) as fungicidal candidates, a series of 2-thiazol-2-yl-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives were designed by a prediction model with PK (RsPK) as a protein target and as a ligand. Fungicidal screening indicated that , , , , , , , and exhibited equal or higher activity compared to against , , or . To our surprise, showed comparable activity to flutriafol with an EC of 0.

Monitoring of Circulating Tumor DNA and Indication of De-Escalation Adjuvant Targeted Therapy for -Mutated NSCLC After Complete Resection.

Introduction: EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) is the standard adjuvant treatment for patients with stages IB to IIIA -mutated NSCLC. Nevertheless, adapting this approach to include a molecular residual disease (MRD)-guided de-escalation strategy warrants further investigation.

Methods: From January 2019 to December 2022, 71 patients with stages I to III NSCLC and (exon 19 deletion or L858R) mutations were enrolled in this observational study.

Leaf Dry Matter Content Is Phylogenetically Conserved and Related to Environmental Conditions, Especially Wildfire Activity.

Leaf dry matter content (LDMC) is an important determinant of plant flammability. Investigating global patterns of LDMC could provide insights into worldwide plant flammability patterns, informing wildfire management. We characterised global patterns of LDMC across 4074 species from 216 families, revealing that phylogenetic and environmental constraints influence LDMC.

Jianwei Xiaoshi oral liquid attenuates high-calorie diet-induced dyspepsia in immature rats via regulating the pancreatic secretion pathway and maintaining the homeostasis of intestinal microbiota.

Background: Jianwei Xiaoshi oral liquid (JWXS), a classical traditional prescription comprising various edible medicinal plants, has demonstrated significant efficacy in treating paediatric indigestion. It originates from Jianpi Pill, which is developed in the Ming Dynasty and nourishes the spleen and regulates gastrointestinal function. However, the specific molecular mechanisms involved remain unclear.

Two-dimensional cell membrane chromatography guided screening of myocardial protective compounds from Yindan Xinnaotong soft capsule.

Background: Cell membrane chromatography (CMC) is a biochromatography with a dual function of recognition and separation, offering a distinct advantage in screening bioactive compounds from Chinese medicines (CMs). Yindan Xinnaotong soft capsule (YD), a CM formulation, has been widely utilized in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. However, a comprehensive mapping of the myocardial protective active compounds remains elusive.

Xinnaoxin capsule alleviates neuropathological changes and cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease mouse model induced by D-galactose and aluminum chloride via reducing neuroinflammation and protecting synaptic proteins.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Originally formulated to mitigate high-altitude sickness, Xinnaoxin capsules (XNX) are composed of three traditional Chinese medicines (Rhodiola rosea L., Lycium barbarum L. and Hippophae rhamnoides) with properties of anti-hypoxia, anti-fatigue, and anti-aging.

PD-L1 testing patterns in recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M HNSCC) in the U.S.

Background: Pembrolizumab with/without platinum + 5-FU is approved for the first-line (1L) treatment of R/M HNSCC, and its monotherapy use requires PD-L1 Combined Positive Score (CPS) ≥ 1. We aimed to understand PD-L1 testing patterns and associations with patient characteristics and treatment choice in R/M HNSCC.

Methods: Adults with R/M HNSCC initiating 1L systemic therapy were included from a U.

Copper-catalyzed intermolecular Regio- and Enantioselective Hydrosilylation of Alkenes with Prochiral Silanes.

This study presents a copper-catalyzed, substrate-controlled regio- and enantioselective intermolecular hydrosilylation method capable of accommodating a broad scope of alkenes and prochiral silanes. The approach offers an efficient and versatile pathway to generate enantioenriched linear and branched alkyl-substituted Si-stereogenic silanes. Key features of this reaction include mild reaction conditions, simple catalytic systems, compatibility with diverse substrates, high yields and enantioselectivities.

Infiltrating plasma cells maintain glioblastoma stem cells through IgG-Tumor binding.

Glioblastoma is a highly aggressive primary brain tumor with glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) enforcing the intra-tumoral hierarchy. Plasma cells (PCs) are critical effectors of the B-lineage immune system, but their roles in glioblastoma remain largely unexplored. Here, we leverage single-cell RNA and B cell receptor sequencing of tumor-infiltrating B-lineage cells and reveal that PCs are aberrantly enriched in the glioblastoma-infiltrating B-lineage population, experience low level of somatic hypermutation, and are associated with poor prognosis.

Assessing the risk of TB progression: Advances in blood-based biomarker research.

This review addresses the significant advancements in the identification of blood-based prognostic biomarkers for tuberculosis (TB), highlighting the importance of early detection to prevent disease progression. The manuscript discusses various biomarker categories, including transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic, immune cell-based, cytokine-based, and antibody response-based markers, emphasizing their potential in predicting TB incidence. Despite promising results, practical application is hindered by high costs, technical complexities, and the need for extensive validation across diverse populations.

Determinants of vacancy formation and migration in high-entropy alloys.

Vacancies are crucial for the radiation resistance, strength, and ductility of high-entropy alloys (HEAs). However, complex electronic interactions resulting from chemical disorder prohibit the quantification of vacancy formation energy () and migration barriers (). Herein, we propose an electronic descriptor χ (electronegativity χ and valence-electron number ) to quantify the bonding strength of constituents on the basis of the tight-binding model, which allows us to build analytical models to achieve the site-to-site quantification of and .

Critical depth prediction based on in-situ stress and gas content model of deep coalbed methane in Liupanshui Coalfield in China.

In-situ stress plays a pivotal role in influencing the desorption, adsorption, and transportation of coalbed methane. The reservoir gas content represents a pivotal physical parameter, encapsulating both the coalbed methane enrichment capacity and the underlying enrichment law of the reservoir. This investigation collates, computes, and consolidates data concerning pore pressure, breakdown pressure, closure pressure, triaxial principal stress, gas content, lateral pressure coefficient, and other pertinent variables from coal reservoirs within several coal-bearing synclines in the Liupanshui coalfield, China.

Spin polarization induced by atomic strain of MBene promotes the ·O production for groundwater disinfection.

Superbugs in groundwater are posing severe health risks through waterborne pathways. An emerging approach for green disinfection lies at photocatalysis, which levers the locally generated superoxide radical (·O) for neutralization. However, the spin-forbidden feature of O hinders the photocatalytic generation of active ·O, and thus greatly limited the disinfection efficiency, especially for real groundwater with a low dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration.

Viral RNA polymerase as a SUMOylation decoy inhibits RNA quality control to promote potyvirus infection.

Potyvirids are the largest group of plant RNA viruses. Pelota, a core component of RNA quality controls (RQC), promotes the degradation of potyvirids' genomic RNA by recognizing a specific GA motif. Here we demonstrate that the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, NIb, acts as a SUMOylation decoy to effectively reduce Pelota SUMOylation by competing with SCE1 to inhibit Pelota-mediated RQC.

The first direct detection of spotted fever group Rickettsia spp. diversity in ticks from Ningxia, northwestern China.

Background: Tick-borne infectious diseases caused by the spotted fever group Rickettsia (SFGR) have continuously emerging, with many previously unidentified SFGR species reported. The prevalence of SFGRs in northwestern China remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of SFGRs and Anaplasma species by analyzing tick samples collected from the Ningxia region.

6-Indolo-[2,3-]-quinoxaline derivatives as promising bifunctional SHP1 inhibitors.

Dysfunction in the SHP1 enzyme can cause cancers and many diseases, so it is of great significance to develop novel small molecule SHP1 inhibitors. Through continuous monitoring of metabolic and targeted processes of SHP1 inhibitors in real-time, we can evaluate the effectiveness and toxicity of the inhibitors, further optimize drug design, and explore SHP1 biology. Indoloquinoxaline is an important class of N-containing heterocycle, which has been studied and applied in the pharmacological field and in optoelectronic materials.

MRI guided copper deprivator activated immune responses and suppressed angiogenesis for enhanced antitumor immunotherapy.

Copper plays an important role in the regulation of PD-L1, suggesting that reducing copper levels within tumors may enhance anti-cancer immunotherapy. Tumor microenvironment responsive copper nanodeprivator (TMECN) was developed for enhancing immunotherapy of tumor via the cross-link of mercaptopolyglycol bipyridine and dimercaptosuccinic acid modifying FePt nanoalloy using the disulfide bond. Upon entering tumor cells, the disulfide bond in TMECN is cleaved by the overexpressed glutathione, exposing abundance of sulfhydryl groups.