Optimizing a link-based travel incentive scheme integrating personal carbon trading for low-carbon commuting.

The pressing need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and optimize traffic demand underlines the importance of effective travel demand management. Previous studies have explored budget-based and aggregated incentive programs, which diminish a heavy financial burden on governments and tend to be limited in contributing to effective behavior change in practice due to budget issues. This study proposes a personal carbon trading travel incentive (PCTTI) mechanism, to encourage private car commuters using low-carbon travel routes.

Insulator-donor electron wavefunction coupling in pseudo-bilayer organic solar cells achieving a certificated efficiency of 19.18.

The incorporation of polymeric insulators has led to notable achievements in the field of organic semiconductors. By altering the blending concentration, polymeric insulators exhibit extensive capabilities in regulating molecular configuration, film crystallinity, and mitigation of defect states. However, current research suggests that the improvement in such physical properties is primarily attributed to the enhancement of thin film morphology, an outcome that seems to be an inevitable consequence of incorporating insulators.

Metastatic sites of baseline as predictors in recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carinoma treated with PD-L1 inhibitor: a secondary analysis of multicenter, single-arm, phase II study (KL-A167).

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) show optimal treatment effects on recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma(R/M NPC). Nonetheless, whether metastatic sites impact ICIs efficacy remains unclear.

Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of R/M NPC patients treated with KL-A167, a programmed cell death-ligand 1(PD-L1) inhibitor, based on a multicenter, single-arm, phase II study from China between 2019 and 2021 years, which represents the first and most comprehensive analysis of the effectiveness of a PD-L1 inhibitor in patients who have been previously treated.

Enhancing metallurgical and mechanical properties of friction stir lap welding of aluminum alloys by microstructure reconstruction.

Friction stir processing (FSP) is successfully employed to alleviate their hook defects of friction stir lap welding (FSLW) of aluminum alloys. The mechanical properties and microstructural characteristics are compared and analyzed between the FSLW&FSP joint fabricated by FSLW and FSP and the FSLW joint. The microstructural analysis shows that the hook defect zone at the advancing side of the FSLW joint is changed into the overlap zone (OZ) of the FSLW&FSP joint due to microstructure reconstruction caused by performing the FSP.

The role of lignin in 17β-estradiol biodegradation: insights from cellular characteristics and lipidomics.

17β-estradiol (E2) is an endocrine disruptor, and even trace concentrations (ng/L) of environmental estrogen can interfere with the endocrine system of organisms. Lignin holds promise in enhancing the microbial degradation E2. However, the mechanisms by which lignin facilitates this process remain unclear, which is crucial for understanding complex environmental biodegradation in nature.

Influence of calcium carbonate on ferrihydrite bio-transformation and associated arsenic mobilization/redistribution.

The sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB)-induced ferrihydrite transformation is an important cause for arsenic (As) contamination in the aquifer near mining area. Calcium carbonate (CaCO) is widespread and has the potential of regulating As fate directly or indirectly. However, the influence of CaCO on ferrihydrite transformation and the associated As mobilization/redistribution in SRB-containing environments remains unclear.

Development of a Visible-Near Infrared Projected Multispectral Imaging System for Intraoperative Breast Tumor Margin Assessment.

A visible-near infrared (VIS-NIR) projected multispectral imaging (Proj-MSI) system consisting of an MSI subsystem and a compact projector for intraoperative breast tumor margin assessment was developed. MSI with an average spectral resolution of 24 nm was realized through sequential illumination of 26 sets of VIS-NIR light-emitting diodes and synchronized single NIR-sensitive camera image capture. Rapid (~1 min) tumor margin delineation revealed significantly (p < 0.

Prediction of high- superconductivity in HSX below megabar pressure.

The discovery of high critical temperature in cubic HS under high pressures attracts significant attention. Of particular recent interest is to search for superconductors stabilized at low pressure in order to approach practical applications. To examine the doping effect on the stability and superconductivity of HS, we construct HSX by replacing half of the S atoms with an X atom (X = Si, Ge, Sn, P, As, Sb, Te, Cl, Br and I).

Macrophages regulate angiogenesis-osteogenesis coupling induced by mechanical loading through the Piezo1 pathway.

Bone is a mechanosensitive organ, and its regeneration also depends on the ability of bone cells to perceive and react to mechanical stimuli. Macrophages are indispensable for bone formation, regeneration, and maintenance. Depletion of macrophages resulted in poor bone development, due to impaired vessels formation and osteogenesis.

Does road environment aesthetics influence risky driving behavior of autonomous vehicles? An evaluation on road readiness using explainable machine learning and random parameters multinomial logit with heterogeneity.

Aesthetics has always been an advanced requirement in road environment design, because it can provide a pleasant driving experience and guide better driving behavior for human drivers. However, it remains unknown whether aesthetics-based road environment design also has an impact on autonomous vehicles (AVs), resulting in that current evaluation models on road readiness for AVs (RRAV) do not consider road environment aesthetics. Therefore, this study aims to explore the relationship between road environment aesthetics and risky driving behavior of AVs (RDBAV) and propose an RRAV evaluation model from the new perspective of road environment aesthetics.

Naturally Occurring Cleistanthane Diterpenoids and Their Biological Activities.

Cleistanthane diterpenoids, an important class of active natural products, are characterized by a 6/6/6 tricycle system and contain a variety of functional groups. Studies have shown that cleistanthane diterpenoids are widespread in various higher plants and endophytic fungi and exhibit a wide range of biological activities. This review provides extensive coverage of naturally occurring cleistanthane diterpenoids discovered from 1973 to 2024 and sheds light on the sources, structures, biological effects, and primary molecular mechanisms of them and provides a useful reference for the further study and development of these compounds.

Jatrophane diterpenoids from Jatropha curcas with multidrug resistance reversal activity.

Nine jatrophane diterpenoids, including six previously undescribed compounds, were extracted and purified from whole plants of Jatropha curcas L. Their structures including absolute configurations were characterized by spectroscopic, quantum chemical Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Electronic Circular Dichroism calculation, and Single Crystal X-Ray Diffraction methods. These compounds were evaluated for their ability to reverse multidrug resistance.

Harnessing the Systemic Immunoinflammatory Index as a Potential Predictive Tool for Recurrent or Metastatic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Undergoing PD-L1 Inhibitor.

Purpose: Immunotherapy has become the primary option for recurrent and metastatic nasopharyngeal cancer (R/M NPC) after failure of chemotherapy, but without good prognostic indicators. Our study aimed to assess the potential of the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) in predicting the effectiveness of PD-L1 inhibitor therapy for R/M NPC.

Patients And Methods: The study cohort comprises of a prospective Phase 2 clinical trial population undergoing PD-L1 inhibitor for R/M NPC at 42 hospitals in China between 2019 and 2021.

Anisotropic Single-Crystal Proton Conduction in a Sodium Chain-Based Coordination Polymer.

Coordination polymers (CPs) have been identified as promising candidate materials in the field of proton conduction owing to their customizable and diverse structures. However, research on CPs based on alkali metal ions has been less advanced, and the mechanism of proton transport in these materials remains unclear. Herein, a new coordination polymer, [Na(pytet)(Hdat)(HO)]·2HO (abbreviated as ) (pytet = pyrene-1,3,6,8-tetrasulfonate, dat = 2-hydroxy-4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazine), has been synthesized based on the starting materials of Napytet and 2-chloro-4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazine, with the latter undergoing in situ transformation to dat under hydrothermal conditions.

The long noncoding RNA MIR4435-2HG enhances the migration, promotion, and glycolysis of nonsmall cell lung cancer cells by targeting the miR-371a-5p/SOX2/PI3K/Akt axis.

Background: Nonsmall cell lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The long noncoding RNA MIR4435-2HG has been shown to play a carcinogenic role in various cancers. The purpose of this study was to explore the role and regulatory mechanism of MIR4435-2HG in non-small cell lung cancer.

Nonadiabatic dynamical simulations to the radiative recombination of nonfullerene acceptor molecular excited states.

Improving the radiative recombination rate of nonfullerene acceptor (NFA) molecular excited states can help to promote their photoluminescence quantum yield and thus reduce the nonradiative energy loss in NFA-based organic solar cells. In this Letter, by developing a nonadiabatic dynamical simulation method, we clarify quantitative correlations of some typical characteristics of NFA molecules with their radiative recombination rates. For a single NFA molecule, the weakening of electron-phonon coupling and the strengthening of electron-push-pull potential can each improve the radiative recombination rate.

Mast cells: a double-edged sword in inflammation and fibrosis.

As one of the key components of the immune system, mast cells are well known for their role in allergic reactions. However, they are also involved in inflammatory and fibrotic processes. Mast cells participate in all the stages of acute inflammatory responses, playing an immunomodulatory role in both innate and adaptive immunity.

Prognostic value and molecular mechanisms of OAS1 in lung adenocarcinoma.

Background: The expression of 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 1 (OAS1) in lung cancer has been validated in numerous studies. However, the prognostic value of OAS1 expression in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) still remains unclear. This study aimed to reveal the prognostic value and associated molecular mechanisms of OAS1 expression in LUAD.

Lung immune prognostic index is associated with clinical outcomes in recurrent or metastatic (R/M) nasopharyngeal carcinoma receiving immunotherapy: Results from the multicenter, single-arm, phase 2 study.

Background: Immune-related biomarkers are linked to the outcomes of cancer immunotherapy. This study evaluates the baseline and longitudinal association between the lung immune prognostic index (LIPI) and immune checkpoint inhibitor outcomes in previously treated recurrent or metastatic (R/M) nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients.

Methods: Data from 153 R/M NPC patients (median age = 49.

Mild condition lignin modification enabled high-performance anticorrosive polyurethane coating.

The diverse active hydroxyl groups of lignin pose challenges in the preparation of lignin-based polyurethane coatings with exceptional long-term anticorrosive properties. Here, the dense and defect-free lignin-based polyurethane coating with a thickness of 25 ± 5 μm was successfully synthesized using a mild hydroxypropyl lignin modification approach, exhibiting outstanding barrier properties (|Z| > 10 Ω cm) and long-term anti-corrosion performance exceeding 120 d. Under ambient conditions (i.

Advancements in Gellan Gum-Based Films and Coatings for Active and Intelligent Packaging.

Gellan gum (GG) is a natural polysaccharide with a wide range of industrial applications. This review aims to investigate the potential of GG-based films and coatings to act as environmentally friendly substitutes for traditional petrochemical plastics in food packaging. GG-based films and coatings exhibit versatile properties that can be tailored through the incorporation of various substances, such as plant extracts, microorganisms, and nanoparticles.