Delta sleep-inducing peptide and Deltaran: potential approaches to antistress protection.

The aims of the present work were to perform a comparative study of the effects of delta sleep-inducing peptide and Deltaran on neurons in emotiogenic brain structures and to address the question of whether it is possible to prevent or decrease the negative influences of stress loads on the severity of subsequent cerebral ischemia in rats, using glycine with delta sleep-inducing peptide combined in the neuroprotective formulation Deltaran. The results showed that Deltaran and delta sleep-inducing peptide had largely the same actions on the nature of spike activity of neurons in the dorsal hippocampus, paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, and ventral anterior nuclei of the thalamus, evoking activation of some of the neurons in these brain structures. The dorsal hippocampus was dominated by activation of spike activity in response to administration of delta sleep-inducing peptide; Deltaran produced activation mainly in the paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus.

[Cell-free plasmic DNA as a blood factor determining hemodynamics in health and in vascular pathology].

The article reviews investigations performed in the Research Neurology Institute on blood flow biomechanics which resulted in discovery of a universal permanent theological blood factor--circulating cell-free plasmic DNA reducing hydrodynamic blood resistance in accordance with Toms' effect. In vitro and in vivo experiments were made with use of drag-reducing polymers for correction of circulation. Basic mechanisms were discovered by which cell-free DNA regulates normal and affected circulation.

Effect of emotional stress on hemoglobin oxygen affinity in low resistant animals under normal conditions and during cerebral ischemia.

Hemoglobin oxygen affinity within the estimated physiological range plays an adaptive antioxidant role during acute cerebral ischemia. This range depends on individual emotional resistance. Brain ischemia induced by common carotid artery occlusion in low resistant Wistar rats increased hemoglobin oxygen affinity by 12% during the acute period.

[A role of the adhesive properties of leucocytes and blood serum in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis].

Adhesive properties of leucocytes were studied using an original technique based on the leukocyte adherence inhibition reaction and measuring the values of spontaneous adhesion index (SAI) and adhesion-strengthening effect (ASE) under the influence of autoserum. One hundred patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and 53 controls were included in the study. Immunophenotyping of lymphocytes (LP) with monoclonal antibodies--markers CD3, CD4, CD8, CD16, CD20, CD25, HLA-DR and CD95--and determination of IgG, IgA, IgM and content of immune complexes were carried out in parallel.

[Delta-sleep inducing peptide and the drug deltaran: possible approaches to antistress protection].

An aim of the present study was a comparative investigation of a delta-sleep inducing peptide and the drug deltaran on the neural activity of the brain structures involved in emotional processing. Another goal was to analyze the possibility to prevent negative effects of emotional stress on brain ischemia using, along with deltaran, glycine and a delta-sleep inducing peptide. Deltaran and the delta-sleep inducing peptide exert in general similar effect on the burst activity of neurons in the dorsal hippocampus, hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and ventral anterior thalamic nucleus, inducing amplification of the majority of recorded units.

Deltaran prevents an adverse effect of emotional stress on the course of cerebral ischemia in low-resistant animals.

Local cerebral blood flow in the left hemisphere decreased most significantly in low-resistant Wistar rats preexposed to emotional stress. Deltaran selectively increased blood flow in the left hemisphere and improved blood supply to neuronal activity unit of the brain in these animals. This drug prevented progressive decrease in local cerebral blood flow in both hemispheres during the acute stage of ischemia.

[Clinical significance of adhesive properties of leukocytes and blood serum in patients with multiple sclerosis].

Adhesive blood properties have been studied in 100 MS patients with the help of the new method developed on the basis of the leucocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) test, which was based on the calculation of the ratio of adhesive cells to non-adhesive ones. The value obtained was called the Index of Spontaneous Adhesion (ISA), while the respective indicator reflecting the effect of adhesion strengthening under the influence of autoserum, being expressed by 30% and more, was named the Effect of the Adhesion Strengthening (ES-a). Blood samples of 54 donors and 31 patients with other neurological diseases were used as controls.

Correction of cerebral ischemia in low-resistant animals with an antistress drug Deltaran.

Deltaran decreased the amplitude of EEG slow waves and restored neuronal reactivity after carotid artery occlusion in Wistar rats sensitive to cerebral ischemia. Deltaran had no effect on local cerebral blood flow. This drug increased blood supply to a unit of neuronal activity in the brain of intact animals during the acute stage of cerebral ischemia, provided 100% survival rate of rats with cerebral ischemia, and prevented the development of neurological symptoms in survivors.

[Long-fragment DNA of blood plasma as one of the criteria of individual sensitivity to emotional stress and to cerebral ischemia].

Intravenous injection ofpolyethylenoxide WSR-301 reducing hydrodynamic blood resistance (Toms effect) improves gas exchange in the lungs and halved lethality of the animals with cerebral ischemia. The aim of the study was to establish whether free plasma DNA influences blood gases and lethality of the animals with brain ischemia. Common carotid arteries were ligated for 15 min in intact stressed and tested in the open field Wistar male rats, then some of the rats received intravenous solution of homologous long-fragment DNA (20x10(-6) g/ml of blood).

Individual resistance to cerebral ischemia and negative effect of emotional stress on the course of this disorder.

The ratio of low-activity and high-activity rats differed in autumn, winter, and spring litters. Initially more intensive cerebral blood flow in low-active rats and its more pronounced decrease after common carotid artery occlusion determined their higher sensitivity to cerebral ischemia (compared to high-activity animals). After 18-h immobilization stress cerebral blood flow decreased by 10-15%, which abolished the difference in the individual resistance to cerebral ischemia.

[Biochemical and immunological induces of the blood in Parkinson's disease and their correction with the help of laser therapy].

The influence of laser therapy on the course of Parkinson's disease (PD) was studied in 70 patients. This influence appeared adaptogenic both in the group with elevated and low MAO B and Cu/Zn SOD activity. Laser therapy resulted in reduction of neurological deficit, normalization of the activity of MAO B, Cu/Zn-SOD and immune indices.

[Hydrodynamic efficiency of various forms of free DNA].

DNA of blood plasma is the factor which corrects hydrodynamic resistance (HR) of blood flow and provides Thomes' effect. As comparative hydrodynamic effectiveness of various plasma DNA forms (nucleoprotein, thread and denaturated DNA isolated standardly from human leukocytes) remains unknown, the in vitro test identified HR of the flow of the above DNA forms weak solutions--10(-6) to 10(-5) g/ml--necessary for achievement of Thomes' effect in strictly similar hydrodynamic conditions warranting a turbulent flow (Re 8000). Thomes' effect was confirmed in blood samples in its absence in low-molecular solutions (glycerine) with the same asymptotic viscosity.

[Cerebral circulation in different types of brain hypoxia].

The paper describes differences of hypoxic and circulatory hypoxias (i.e. brain ischemia) which cause decreases not only in the supply of O2, but in the delivery of glucose and other oxidation substrates and in venous return, which is attended by the accumulation of metabolic products in the brain tissue.

[The role of serum 'adhesive factor' and leukocyte sensitization in pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis].

The reactivity to the myelin basic protein, brain gangliosides purified derivative and also the influence of the serum on the cells adherence were determined by micromodification of the leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) test. 46 multiple sclerosis patients, 21 patients with hereditary disease and 41 donors were examined. The cellular sensitization to the myelin basic protein and brain gangliosides was revealed in 57% of the multiple sclerosis patients.

[Effect of decreasing hydrodynamic resistance of a polymer on localization of sclerotic plaques. A model study].

Flow structure and wall shear stress and the changes in these parameters induced by the administration of a drag-reducing polymer polyethylene oxide WSR-301 at a concentration of 10(-5) g/ml were studied in a glass tube with a T-junction by the laser Doppler anemometry technique. The pattern of wall shear stresses is in a good agreement with the data, obtained for rabbits in [1]. For tubes with rigid walls, the location of plaques corresponds to regions of a high wall shear stress.

Lipid peroxidation in experimental ischemia of the brain.

Lipid peroxidation was studied in the brain of Mongolian gerbils under conditions of complete ischemia followed by recirculation in the left hemisphere without recirculation in the right hemisphere. Thiobarbituric acid reactive products and the intensity of Fe2+-induced chemiluminescence were determined. The content of lipid peroxidation products in the brain tissue was increased not only under conditions of recirculation, but also at the ischemia stage during the limited access of oxygen.

[Hemodynamic effect of plasma DNA].

To reveal the hemodynamic effect of plasma DNA, the authors measured the concentrations of plasma DNA, the length of its molecular fragments, and hemodynamic resistance/Toms effect. The Toms effect was detected in all blood samples from 10 healthy donors and 39 patients without acute stroke caused by atherosclerosis of the head great arteries with and without arterial hypertension. There was a clear inverse relationships between the plasma concentrations of DNA which had only long-molecular fragments in healthy persons and the hemodynamic resistance of its blood flow samples.

[Effect of the nootropic agent cerebrolysin in cerebral ischemia in rats with varying behavioral reactions in the open field test].

Open field tests were made on 489 white male rats to distinguish subgroups by baseline higher nervous activity (HNA) to study the effects of cerebrolysin (EBEVE, Austria) on relationships between neuronal activity and cerebral blood supply in normal cerebral circulation (CC) and in acute brain ischemia. Local CC and EEG were measured by laser doppler flowmeter and read from the same point gauge. CC/EEG index was calculated.

[New findings concerning pathogenesis of disorders of cerebral circulation].

The data about the role of blood flow in atherosclerosis development were examined. The aim of the study was determination of hydrodynamic blood resistance and Toms effect in patients with ischemic disorders of cerebral circulation in different periods of the disease. 45 patients with atherosclerotic damages of major arteries of head were observed.

[The pathophysiological mechanisms of disorders of cerebral circulation and the new directions in their prevention and treatment].

The contribution of Laboratory of Nervous System's Experimental Pathology (Institute of Neurology of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences) to cerebrovascular circulation investigations is described. The following questions were considered: cerebral circulation in cerebrovascular disturbances, collateral circulation in the "turned off" state of different brain arteries, and immunological brain alterations as the result of brain organic diseases. Results of the investigation of the damaging effect of acute increase in arterial pressure as well as individual sensitivity to brain ischemia and to drug administration were presented.

[Prognostic behavioral criteria and the characteristics of the cerebral blood flow in rats with different sensitivities to emotional stress].

In anesthetised Wistar adult male rats, a model of circulatory brain ischemia was created. A behavioural difference as well as a difference in normal focal cerebral blood flow (CBF), were revealed between rats resistant against and predisposed to emotional stress. The mortality level was 10% in former rats and 27% in latter ones.