Publications by authors named "Gannon J"

Background: Health and social care standards are multi-faceted interventions that promote quality and safe care in health systems. There is a need to apply evidence-based, rigorous and transparent methods when selecting strategies to support the implementation of standards. We aimed to develop an evidence- and theory-informed intervention to guide researchers in identifying appropriate implementation strategies and then selecting tailored support tools and actions for use when implementing a set of standards.

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Correct mitotic spindle size is required for accurate chromosome segregation during cell division. It is controlled by mechanical forces generated by molecular motors and non-motor proteins acting on spindle microtubules. However, how forces generated by individual proteins enable bipolar spindle organization is not well understood.

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Purpose: To evaluate the use of shoulder arthroscopic simulation in orthopaedic surgery trainees.

Methods: A literature search was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, using PubMed, Medline (Ovid), and EMBASE library databases. Inclusion criteria were experimental studies reporting pre- and post-test results of shoulder arthroscopic simulation in orthopaedic trainees (studies reporting results of comparison between groups not within the groups were excluded).

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Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and malignant type of primary brain tumor. Even after surgery and chemoradiotherapy, residual GBM cells can infiltrate the healthy brain parenchyma to form secondary tumors. To mitigate GBM recurrence, we recently developed an injectable hydrogel that can be crosslinked in the resection cavity to attract, collect, and ablate residual GBM cells.

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Background: Insulin resistance (IR) changes the trajectory of responsive bipolar disorder to a treatment-resistant course. A clinical trial conducted by our group demonstrated that IR reversal by metformin improved clinical and functional outcomes in treatment-resistant bipolar depression (TRBD). To aid clinicians identify which metformin-treated TRBD patients might reverse IR, and given strong external evidence for their association with IR, we developed a predictive tool using body mass index (BMI) and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).

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Background: The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic presented a significant stressor on the public health system in the United States. While we know the immediate effects of the pandemic on public health programming, no literature has examined the resultant long-term impact on programmatic capacity for sustainability. This paper aims to identify the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic had on state tobacco control program's capacity for sustainability.

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Background: Public health programs are charged with implementing evidence-based interventions to support public health improvement; however, to achieve long-term population-based benefits, these interventions must be sustained. Empirical evidence suggests that program sustainability can be improved through training and technical assistance, but few resources are available to support public health programs in building capacity for sustainability.

Methods: This study sought to build capacity for sustainability among state tobacco control programs through a multiyear, group-randomized trial that developed, tested, and evaluated a novel Program Sustainability Action Planning Model and Training Curricula.

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Public health programs, particularly tobacco control programs (TCPs) in state health departments, face numerous barriers and facilitators to sustainability, which affect delivery and, consequently, health outcomes achieved. We used the Program Sustainability Framework to review and analyze qualitative interview data from states that received training and technical assistance during the Plans, Actions, and Capacity to Sustain Tobacco Control (PACT) study to better understand the barriers and facilitators to sustainability capacity that these public health programs face at the state level. The PACT study was a multiyear, randomized controlled trial to assess the effectiveness of an action planning workshop and technical assistance in improving capacity for sustainability among 11 intervention and 12 control TCPs.

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While clozapine is the most effective antipsychotic treatment for treatment-resistant schizophrenia, it remains underutilized across the United States, warranting a more comprehensive understanding of variation in use at the county level, as well as characterization of existing prescribing patterns. Here, we examined both Medicaid and Medicare databases to (1) characterize temporal and geographic variation in clozapine prescribing and, (2) identify patient-level characteristics associated with clozapine use. We included Medicaid and Fee for Service Medicare data in the state of Pennsylvania from January 1, 2013, through December 31, 2019.

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Background: Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most frequently occurring primary bone tumor in dogs and people and innovative treatment options are profoundly needed. Histotripsy is an emerging tumor ablation modality, and it is essential for the clinical translation of histotripsy to gain knowledge about the outcome of nonablated tumor cells that could remain postablation. The objective of this study was to characterize the cell death genetic signature and proliferation response of canine OS cells post a near complete histotripsy ablation (96% ± 1.

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BLOC-one-related complex (BORC) is a multiprotein complex composed of eight subunits named BORCS1-8. BORC associates with the cytosolic face of lysosomes, where it sequentially recruits the small GTPase ARL8 and kinesin-1 and -3 microtubule motors to promote anterograde transport of lysosomes toward the peripheral cytoplasm in non-neuronal cells and the distal axon in neurons. The physiological and pathological importance of BORC in humans, however, remains to be determined.

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: Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most frequently occurring malignant bone tumor in humans, primarily affecting children and adolescents. Significant advancements in treatment options for OS have not occurred in the last several decades, and the prognosis remains grim with only a 70% rate of 5-year survival. The objective of this study was to investigate the focused ultrasound technique of histotripsy as a novel, noninvasive treatment option for OS.

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Introduction: The use of e-cigarettes has grown in popularity worldwide. From their manufacturing, use, and disposal, the environmental impacts of e-cigarettes present a novel public health concern that needs to be urgently investigated. However, very limited studies have focused on the subject matter.

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Background: Overuse of empirical intravenous antibiotics in neonates in high-income countries (HICs) is well documented. The Kaiser Permanente neonatal early-onset sepsis (EOS) calculator is an evidence-based sepsis risk assessment tool that has demonstrated potential to reduce antibiotic usage in this population. The incidence of early-onset sepsis in most HICs is 0.

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Pancreatic cancer is a malignant disease associated with poor survival and nearly 80% present with unresectable tumors. Treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy have shown overall improved survival benefits, albeit limited. Histotripsy is a noninvasive, non-ionizing, and non-thermal focused ultrasound ablation modality that has shown efficacy in treating hepatic tumors and other malignancies.

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Article Synopsis
  • New therapeutic strategies for pancreatic cancer are urgently needed, and the current lack of effective pre-clinical animal models limits the development of treatments.
  • The researchers established an orthotopic porcine model using immunocompromised pigs to better simulate human pancreatic cancer and tested histotripsy as a treatment method.
  • The study successfully demonstrated tumor engraftment and targeted ablation, highlighting histotripsy's potential as a non-invasive treatment while also addressing challenges in ultrasound-guided ablation in the pancreas.
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Deprescribing, the identification and discontinuation of medications that are no longer indicated or that cause adverse effects that outweigh clinical benefit, relies on the integration of clinical expertise and patient values using shared decision making (SDM). This case series describes the application of SDM to the process of deprescribing in patients with serious mental illness, illustrating the ways in which SDM builds a therapeutic alliance between patient, psychiatrist, family members, and other health care professionals to collaboratively develop treatment plans.

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Background: Public health programs are charged with implementing evidence-based interventions to support public health improvement, however, to achieve long term population based benefit these interventions must be sustained. Empirical evidence suggests that program sustainability can be improved through training and technical assistance, but few resources are available to support public health programs in building capacity for sustainability.

Methods: This study sought to build capacity for sustainability among state tobacco control programs through a multiyear, group-randomized trial that developed, tested, and evaluated a novel .

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Purpose: Feline soft tissue sarcoma (STS) and injection site sarcoma (fISS) are rapidly growing tumors with low metastatic potential, but locally aggressive behavior. Histotripsy is a non-invasive focused ultrasound therapy using controlled acoustic cavitation to mechanically disintegrate tissue. In this study, we investigated the safety and feasibility of histotripsy to treat fISS using a custom 1 MHz transducer.

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Background: The emergence of implementation science has driven an increase in research examining the implementation of evidence-based programs and policies. However, there has been less attention through program sustainability. To achieve the full benefit of investment in program development and implementation, there must be an understanding of the factors that relate to sustainability; additionally, there is a need for a robust set of tools and trainings to support strategic long-term program sustainability.

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Although clozapine demonstrates unique efficacy for treatment-resistant schizophrenia, its impact on community-based services remains largely underexplored. The authors examined changes in use of community-based services after clozapine treatment among a sample of 163 patients with schizophrenia by using public claims data in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. Mirror-image analyses of service utilization were used to compare the 180-day period before treatment initiation with the 180-day period that began after 6 months of adherent treatment, accounting for age, race, and gender.

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