Effect of geocoding errors on traffic-related air pollutant exposure and concentration estimates.

Exposure to traffic-related air pollutants is highest very near roads, and thus exposure estimates are sensitive to positional errors. This study evaluates positional and PM2.5 concentration errors that result from the use of automated geocoding methods and from linearized approximations of roads in link-based emission inventories.

Carbon-carbon bond activation of cyclobutenones enabled by the addition of chiral organocatalyst to ketone.

The activation of carbon-carbon (C-C) bonds is an effective strategy in building functional molecules. The C-C bond activation is typically accomplished via metal catalysis, with which high levels of enantioselectivity are difficult to achieve due to high reactivity of metal catalysts and the metal-bound intermediates. It remains largely unexplored to use organocatalysis for C-C bond activation.

1,5,9-Triaza-2,6,10-triphenylboracoronene: BN-embedded analogue of coronene.

A novel BN-fused coronene derivative 1,5,9-triaza-2,6,10-triphenylboracoronene (1) has been successfully synthesized in one step from 2,3,6,7,9,10-hexamethoxy-1,5,9-triamino-triphenylene. Compound 1 has been investigated using photophysical, electrochemical, and molecular simulation methods. Interestingly, three phenyl groups at B centers in compound 1 can be replaced by hydroxyl units stepwise through hydroxylation in wet organic solvents, leading to changes in the packing and physical properties.

Metal-free σ-bond metathesis in ammonia activation by a diazadiphosphapentalene.

A diazadiphosphapentalene derivative 5 featuring a bent geometry with two phosphorus atoms at the bridgehead has been synthesized. Under mild conditions, compound 5 readily activated ammonia to afford 1-aza-2,3-diphospholene derivative 6 bearing an enamine group. The reaction is therefore viewed as a formal σ-bond metathesis between an N-H bond of ammonia and an endocyclic P-N bond of 5.

Trivalent chromium inhibits TSP-1 expression, proliferation, and O-GlcNAc signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells in response to high glucose in vitro.

Trivalent chromium (Cr(3+)) is a mineral nutrient reported to have beneficial effects in glycemic and cardiovascular health. In vitro and in vivo studies suggest that Cr(3+) supplementation reduces the atherogenic potential and lowers the risk of vascular inflammation in diabetes. However, effects of Cr(3+) in vascular cells under conditions of hyperglycemia, characteristic of diabetes, remain unknown.

Self-driven one-step oil removal from oil spill on water via selective-wettability steel mesh.

Marine oil spills seriously endanger sea ecosystems and coastal environments, resulting in a loss of energy resources. Environmental and economic demands emphasize the need for new methods of effectively separating oil-water mixtures, while collecting oil content at the same time. A new surface-tension-driven, gravity-assisted, one-step, oil-water separation method is presented for sustained filtration and collection of oil from a floating spill.

Enhancing dropwise condensation through bioinspired wettability patterning.

Dropwise condensation (DWC) heat transfer depends strongly on the maximum diameter (Dmax) of condensate droplets departing from the condenser surface. This study presents a facile technique implemented to gain control of Dmax in DWC within vapor/air atmospheres. We demonstrate how this approach can enhance the corresponding heat transfer rate by harnessing the capillary forces in the removal of the condensate from the surface.

Isolation of an imino-N-heterocyclic carbene/germanium(0) adduct: a mesoionic germylene equivalent.

An autoionization of germanium dichloride/dioxane complex with an imino-N-heterocyclic carbene ligand (L) afforded a novel germyliumylidene ion, [(L)GeCl](+)[GeCl3](-), which was fully characterized. Reduction of the germyliumylidene ion with potassium graphite produced a cyclic species [(L)Ge], which can be viewed as both a Ge(0) species and a mesoionic germylene. X-ray diffraction analysis and computational studies revealed one of the lone pairs on the Ge atom is involved in the π system on the GeC2N2 five-membered ring.

Dihaloborenium cations stabilized by a four-membered N-heterocyclic carbene: electron deficiency compensation by asymmetric structural changes.

The synthesis, characterization and X-ray analysis of dichloro- and dibromo-borenium cations stabilized by a 4-membered carbene are reported. The ligand's structural changes, atypical for similar systems, were caused by coordination to electron deficient fragments and its CN2P ring strain.

Synthesis and structural characterization of a C₄ cumulene including 4-pyridylidene units, and its reactivity towards ammonia-borane.

A novel type of C4 cumulene derivative featuring 4-pyridylidene units has been synthesized. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the presence of consecutive C=C double bonds in the C4 backbone as well as the quinoidal pyridylidene structure. This C4 cumulene derivative readily reacted with ammonia-borane, which resulted in transfer hydrogenation of the central C=C double bond.

An interdisciplinary, team-based design for an oral and maxillofacial radiology course for postdoctoral dental students.

This article describes the transition of an oral and maxillofacial radiology course from a traditional lecture format to an interactive case-based, team-based, interdisciplinary, and intraprofessional learning model in advanced dental education. Forty-four postdoctoral dental students were enrolled in the course over a twelve-week period in the fall semester 2012. The class consisted of U.

Comparison of two doses of oral misoprostol with one, after mifepristone in early abortion.

A prospective randomised controlled study was conducted at RG Kar Medical College and hospital to compare the efficacy and side-effects of two doses of oral misoprostol, with one dose following mifepristone in early abortion. Two randomly allocated groups of seventy-five women each were formed, which were comparable in all respects and also conformed to the inclusion and exclusion criteria laid down in this study. Both groups received 200 mg of mifepristone on day one.

Adiponectin stimulates Rho-mediated actin cytoskeleton remodeling and glucose uptake via APPL1 in primary cardiomyocytes.

Objective: Adiponectin is known to confer its cardioprotective effects in obesity and type 2 diabetes, mainly by regulating glucose and fatty acid metabolism in cardiomyocytes. Dynamic actin cytoskeleton remodeling is involved in regulation of multiple biological functions, including glucose uptake. Here we investigated in neonatal cardiomyocytes whether adiponectin induced actin cytoskeleton remodeling and if this played a role in adiponectin-stimulated glucose uptake.

Isolation of a bis(oxazol-2-ylidene)-phenylborylene adduct and its reactivity as a boron-centered nucleophile.

An isolable phenylborylene species supported by two oxazol-2-ylidene ligands was synthesized and structurally characterized. Computational studies revealed the presence of lone-pair electrons on the boron atom in this molecule; therefore, there are eight electrons around the three-coordinate boron center. The nucleophilic property was confirmed by the reactions with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid and [(thf)Cr(CO)5], which gave the corresponding conjugate acid and a chromium-borylene complex, respectively.

Phase separations in aerosol OT reverse micellar solutions in dodecane: a curious case of polar domain composition driven transition from lower consolute temperature (LCT) to upper consolute temperature (UCT) regime.

AOT-based microemulsions have been studied quite extensively on account of their numerous industrial applications and their existence as simple ternary phases. Properties of these microemulsions with higher alkanes as the oil continuous phase are governed by the presence of a strong inter micellar attractive interaction. In water in oil (w/o) microemulsions the inter micellar attraction strengthens with increase in temperature and leads to the observation of critical behavior on approaching the lower consolute temperature (LCT).

1,2,4,3-Triazaborole-based neutral oxoborane stabilized by a Lewis acid.

The first example of 1,2,4,3-triazaborole-based oxoborane has been synthesized via hydrogen migration upon the coordination of AlCl3 to the corresponding borinic acid. X-ray diffraction analysis and computational study disclosed the partial B[double bond, length as m-dash]O double-bond property.

Maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase: key kinase for stem cell phenotype in glioma and other cancers.

Maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase (MELK) is a member of the snf1/AMPK family of protein serine/threonine kinases that has recently gained significant attention in the stem cell and cancer biology field. Recent studies suggest that activation of this kinase is tightly associated with extended survival and accelerated proliferation of cancer stem cells (CSC) in various organs. Overexpression of MELK has been noted in various cancers, including colon, breast, ovaries, pancreas, prostate, and brain, making the inhibition of MELK an attractive therapeutic strategy for a variety of cancers.

Oxidative addition of water and methanol to a dicationic trivalent phosphorus centre.

Our recently synthesised phosphorus dication is observed to activate water (and methanol) under reactions conditions atypical for other systems containing a non-metal centre. This particular activation described as oxidative addition is quite rare and has been reserved exclusively for a couple of metal-based compounds.

Colloidal graphite/graphene nanostructures using collagen showing enhanced thermal conductivity.

In the present study, the exfoliation of natural graphite (GR) directly to colloidal GR/graphene (G) nanostructures using collagen (CL) was studied as a safe and scalable process, akin to numerous natural processes and hence can be termed "biomimetic". Although the exfoliation and functionalization takes place in just 1 day, it takes about 7 days for the nano GR/G flakes to stabilize. The predominantly aromatic residues of the triple helical CL forms its own special micro and nanoarchitecture in acetic acid dispersions.

Systematic interpretation of CBCT scans: why do it?

Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is being extensively used by dentists and dental specialists. Although the advantages of using this modality are enormous, with information comes responsibility. Most dental clinicians are not maxillofacial radiologists and are generally not familiar with interpretation of anatomy and pathosis in the head-and-neck area outside their immediate area of clinical interest.

Wettability patterning for high-rate, pumpless fluid transport on open, non-planar microfluidic platforms.

Surface tension driven transport of liquids on open substrates offers an enabling tool for open micro total analysis systems that are becoming increasingly popular for low-cost biomedical diagnostic devices. The present study uses a facile wettability patterning method to produce open microfluidic tracks that - due to their shape, surface texture and chemistry - are capable of transporting a wide range of liquid volumes (~1-500 μL) on-chip, overcoming viscous and other opposing forces (e.g.

Dispersion Modeling of Traffic-Related Air Pollutant Exposures and Health Effects Among Children with Asthma in Detroit, Michigan.

Vehicular traffic is a major source of ambient air pollution in urban areas. Traffic-related air pollutants, including carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in diameter, and diesel exhaust emissions, have been associated with adverse human health effects, especially in areas near major roads.