The influence of interleukin-27 on metabolic fitness in a murine neonatal model of bacterial sepsis.

Human neonates are predisposed to an increased risk of mortality from infection due to fundamental differences in the framework of innate and adaptive immune responses relative to those in the adult population. As one key difference in neonates, an increase in the immunosuppressive cytokine, IL-27, is responsible for poor outcomes in a murine neonatal model of bacterial sepsis. In our model, the absence of IL-27 signaling during infection is associated with improved maintenance of body mass, increased bacterial clearance with reduced systemic inflammation, and decreased mortality rates that correlate to preservation of glucose homeostasis and insulin production.

Adapting ChatGPT for Color Blindness in Medical Education.

Color vision deficiency (CVD) affects a significant portion of the population, yet its impact is often overlooked in medical education, especially in visually demanding specialties like dermatology, pathology, and radiology. In this study, we investigated the potential of ChatGPT to comprehend CVD-simulated images in image-based diagnostic tasks. Notably, the model successfully adapted its diagnostic reasoning to match CVD-modified color perception while preserving high prediction accuracy.

Proteomic and transcriptomic analyses identify apo-transcobalamin-II as a biomarker of overall survival in osteosarcoma.

Background: The large-scale proteomic platform known as the SomaScan® assay is capable of simultaneously measuring thousands of proteins in patient specimens through next-generation aptamer-based multiplexed technology. While previous studies have utilized patient peripheral blood to suggest serum biomarkers of prognostic or diagnostic value in osteosarcoma (OSA), the most common primary pediatric bone cancer, they have ultimately been limited in the robustness of their analyses. We propose utilizing this aptamer-based technology to describe the systemic proteomic milieu in patients diagnosed with this disease.

Bioinformatics and biomedical informatics with ChatGPT: Year one review.

The year 2023 marked a significant surge in the exploration of applying large language model chatbots, notably Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT), across various disciplines. We surveyed the application of ChatGPT in bioinformatics and biomedical informatics throughout the year, covering omics, genetics, biomedical text mining, drug discovery, biomedical image understanding, bioinformatics programming, and bioinformatics education. Our survey delineates the current strengths and limitations of this chatbot in bioinformatics and offers insights into potential avenues for future developments.

Molecular Signatures of CB-6644 Inhibition of the RUVBL1/2 Complex in Multiple Myeloma.

Multiple myeloma is the second most hematological cancer. RUVBL1 and RUVBL2 form a subcomplex of many chromatin remodeling complexes implicated in cancer progression. As an inhibitor specific to the RUVBL1/2 complex, CB-6644 exhibits remarkable anti-tumor activity in xenograft models of Burkitt's lymphoma and multiple myeloma (MM).

Assessing ChatGPT's Competency in Addressing Interdisciplinary Inquiries on Chatbot Uses in Sports Rehabilitation: Simulation Study.

Background: ChatGPT showcases exceptional conversational capabilities and extensive cross-disciplinary knowledge. In addition, it can perform multiple roles in a single chat session. This unique multirole-playing feature positions ChatGPT as a promising tool for exploring interdisciplinary subjects.

Endogenous glucocorticoids are required for normal macrophage activation and gastric immunity.

Glucocorticoids are steroid hormones well known for their potent anti-inflammatory effects. However, their immunomodulatory properties are multifaceted. Increasing evidence suggests that glucocorticoid signaling promotes effective immunity and that disruption of glucocorticoid signaling impairs immune function.

Grainyhead-like-2, an epithelial master programmer, promotes interferon induction and suppresses breast cancer recurrence.

Type-I and -III interferons play a central role in immune rejection of pathogens and tumors, thus promoting immunogenicity and suppressing tumor recurrence. Double strand RNA is an important ligand that stimulates tumor immunity via interferon responses. Differentiation of embryonic stem cells to pluripotent epithelial cells activates the interferon response during development, raising the question of whether epithelial vs.

Scientific figures interpreted by ChatGPT: strengths in plot recognition and limits in color perception.

Emerging studies underscore the promising capabilities of large language model-based chatbots in conducting basic bioinformatics data analyses. The recent feature of accepting image inputs by ChatGPT, also known as GPT-4V(ision), motivated us to explore its efficacy in deciphering bioinformatics scientific figures. Our evaluation with examples in cancer research, including sequencing data analysis, multimodal network-based drug repositioning, and tumor clonal evolution, revealed that ChatGPT can proficiently explain different plot types and apply biological knowledge to enrich interpretations.

Bioinformatics and biomedical informatics with ChatGPT: Year one review.

The year 2023 marked a significant surge in the exploration of applying large language model (LLM) chatbots, notably ChatGPT, across various disciplines. We surveyed the applications of ChatGPT in bioinformatics and biomedical informatics throughout the year, covering omics, genetics, biomedical text mining, drug discovery, biomedical image understanding, bioinformatics programming, and bioinformatics education. Our survey delineates the current strengths and limitations of this chatbot in bioinformatics and offers insights into potential avenues for future developments.

XX sex chromosome complement modulates immune responses to heat-killed Streptococcus pneumoniae immunization in a microbiome-dependent manner.

Background: Differences in male vs. female immune responses are well-documented and have significant clinical implications. While the immunomodulatory effects of sex hormones are well established, the contributions of sex chromosome complement (XX vs.

Analysis of single nuclear chromatin accessibility reveals unique myeloid populations in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Background: A better understanding of the pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) immune microenvironment is critical to developing new treatments and improving outcomes. Myeloid cells are of particular importance for PDAC progression; however, the presence of heterogenous subsets with different ontogeny and impact, along with some fluidity between them, (infiltrating monocytes vs. tissue-resident macrophages; M1 vs.

Nanosphere pharmacodynamics improves safety of immunostimulatory cytokine therapy.

Systemic administration of interleukin (IL)-12 induces potent anti-tumor immune responses in preclinical cancer models through the systemic activation of effector immune cells and release of proinflammatory cytokines. IL-12-loaded PLGA nanospheres (IL12ns) are hypothesized to improve therapeutic efficacy and thwart unwanted side effects observed in previous human clinical trials. Through the investigation of peripheral blood and local tissue immune responses in healthy BALB/c mice, the immune-protective pharmacodynamics of IL12ns were suggested.

Endogenous glucocorticoids are required for normal macrophage activation and gastric immunity.

Glucocorticoids are steroid hormones well-known for their potent anti-inflammatory effects. However, their immunomodulatory properties are multifaceted. Increasing evidence suggests that glucocorticoid signaling promotes effective immunity and that disruption of glucocorticoid signaling impairs immune function.

XX sex chromosome complement modulates immune responses to heat-killed Streptococcus pneumoniae immunization in a microbiome-dependent manner.

Background: Differences in male vs. female immune responses are well-documented and have significant clinical implications. While the immunomodulatory effects of sex hormones are well established, the contributions of sex chromosome complement (XX vs.

Inflammatory Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Multiple Myeloma: Transcriptional Signature and In Vitro Modeling.

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM MSCs) play a tumor-supportive role in promoting drug resistance and disease relapse in multiple myeloma (MM). Recent studies have discovered a sub-population of MSCs, known as inflammatory MSCs (iMSCs), exclusive to the MM BM microenvironment and implicated in drug resistance. Through a sophisticated analysis of public expression data from unexpanded BM MSCs, we uncovered a positive association between iMSC signature expression and minimal residual disease.

Bioinformatics Illustrations Decoded by ChatGPT: The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly.

Emerging studies underscore the promising capabilities of large language model-based chatbots in conducting fundamental bioinformatics data analyses. The recent feature of accepting image-inputs by ChatGPT motivated us to explore its efficacy in deciphering bioinformatics illustrations. Our evaluation with examples in cancer research, including sequencing data analysis, multimodal network-based drug repositioning, and tumor clonal evolution, revealed that ChatGPT can proficiently explain different plot types and apply biological knowledge to enrich interpretations.

Dose-Specific Intratumoral GM-CSF Modulates Breast Tumor Oxygenation and Antitumor Immunity.

GM-CSF has been employed as an adjuvant to cancer immunotherapy with mixed results based on dosage. We previously showed that GM-CSF regulated tumor angiogenesis by stimulating soluble vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor-1 from monocytes/macrophages in a dose-dependent manner that neutralized free VEGF, and intratumoral injections of high-dose GM-CSF ablated blood vessels and worsened hypoxia in orthotopic polyoma middle T Ag (PyMT) triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). In this study, we assessed both immunoregulatory and oxygen-regulatory components of low-dose versus high-dose GM-CSF to compare effects on tumor oxygen, vasculature, and antitumor immunity.

Interdisciplinary Inquiry via PanelGPT: Application to Explore Chatbot Application in Sports Rehabilitation.

Background: ChatGPT showcases exceptional conversational capabilities and extensive cross-disciplinary knowledge. In addition, it possesses the ability to perform multiple roles within a single chat session. This unique multi-role-playing feature positions ChatGPT as a promising tool to explore interdisciplinary subjects.

Transcription factor TCF-1 regulates the functions, but not the development, of lymphoid tissue inducer subsets in different tissues.

Lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells, a subset of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), play an essential role in the formation of secondary lymphoid tissues. However, the regulation of the development and functions of this ILC subset is still elusive. In this study, we report that the transcription factor T cell factor 1 (TCF-1), just as GATA3, is indispensable for the development of non-LTi ILC subsets.

Code Interpreter for Bioinformatics: Are We There Yet?

The Code Interpreter feature in ChatGPT has the potential to democratize data analysis for non-specialists. As bioinformaticians, we are impressed by its performance in data manipulation and visualization. However, bioinformatics tasks often require execution of third-party packages, access to annotation knowledgebase, and handling large datasets.