Detection of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus in Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma Using Multiple Analytes and Their Role in Patient Survival.

Purpose: Accurate detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is essential to understanding the role of HPV in disease prognosis and management of patients. We used different analytes and methods to understand the true prevalence of HPV in a cohort of patients with OSCC with different molecular backgrounds, and we correlated HPV data with patient survival.

Methods: We integrated data from multiple analytes (HPV DNA, HPV RNA, and p16), assays (immunohistochemistry, polymerase chain reaction [PCR], quantitative PCR [qPCR], and digital PCR), and molecular changes (somatic mutations and DNA methylation) from 153 patients with OSCC to correlate p16 expression, HPV DNA, and HPV RNA with HPV incidence and patient survival.

A minimal set of internal control genes for gene expression studies in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Selection of the right reference gene(s) is crucial in the analysis and interpretation of gene expression data. The aim of the present study was to discover and validate a minimal set of internal control genes in head and neck tumor studies. We analyzed data from multiple sources (in house whole-genome gene expression microarrays, previously published quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) data and RNA-seq data from TCGA) to come up with a list of 18 genes (discovery set) that had the lowest variance, a high level of expression across tumors, and their matched normal samples.

Cancer stem cell and its niche in malignant progression of oral potentially malignant disorders.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine association between cancer stem cells (CSCs) and their niche with progression of oral potentially malignant disorders.

Materials And Methods: Patients with histologically confirmed oral potentially malignant disorders, stratified into high/low risk lesions based on the degree of dysplasia and oral cancer were included in this study. Immunohistochemical profiling of markers of CSCs (CD44), endothelial cells (CD31) and CSC-vascular niche cross-talk (CXCR4 and SDF1) were carried out.

Cancer stem cell markers in patterning differentiation and in prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Differentiation is a major histological parameter determining tumor aggressiveness and prognosis of the patient; cancer stem cells with their slow dividing and undifferentiated nature might be one of the factors determining the same. This study aims to correlate cancer stem cell markers (CD44 and CD147) with tumor differentiation and evaluate their subsequent effect on prognosis. Immunohistochemical analysis in treatment naïve oral cancer patients (n = 53) indicated that the expression of CD147 was associated with poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma and moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (p < 0.

Curcumin and metformin-mediated chemoprevention of oral cancer is associated with inhibition of cancer stem cells.

Effective chemoprevention is critical for improving outcomes of oral cancer. As single agents, curcumin and metformin are reported to exhibit chemopreventive properties, in vitro as well as in patients with oral cancer. In this study, the chemopreventive efficacy of this drug combination was tested in a 4-nitro quinoline-1-oxide (4NQO) induced mice oral carcinogenesis model.

Cancer stem cell mediated acquired chemoresistance in head and neck cancer can be abrogated by aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 A1 inhibition.

Chemoresistance leading to disease relapse is one of the major challenges to improve outcome in head and neck cancers. Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) are increasingly being implicated in chemotherapy resistance, this study investigates the correlation between CSC behavior and acquired drug resistance in in vitro cell line models. Cell lines resistant to Cisplatin (Cal-27 CisR, Hep-2 CisR) and 5FU (Cal-27 5FUR) with high Resistance Indices (RI) were generated (RI ≥ 3) by short-term treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines with chemotherapeutic drugs (Cisplatin, Docetaxel, 5FU), using a dose-incremental strategy.

A Minimal DNA Methylation Signature in Oral Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma Links Altered Methylation with Tumor Attributes.

Unlabelled: Oral tongue squamous cell carcinomas (OTSCC) are a homogenous group of aggressive tumors in the head and neck region that spread early to lymph nodes and have a higher incidence of regional failure. In addition, there is a rising incidence of oral tongue cancer in younger populations. Studies on functional DNA methylation changes linked with altered gene expression are critical for understanding the mechanisms underlying tumor development and metastasis.

Integrated analysis of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma identifies key variants and pathways linked to risk habits, HPV, clinical parameters and tumor recurrence.

Oral tongue squamous cell carcinomas (OTSCC) are a homogeneous group of tumors characterized by aggressive behavior, early spread to lymph nodes and a higher rate of regional failure. Additionally, the incidence of OTSCC among younger population (<50yrs) is on the rise; many of whom lack the typical associated risk factors of alcohol and/or tobacco exposure. We present data on single nucleotide variations (SNVs), indels, regions with loss of heterozygosity (LOH), and copy number variations (CNVs) from fifty-paired oral tongue primary tumors and link the significant somatic variants with clinical parameters, epidemiological factors including human papilloma virus (HPV) infection and tumor recurrence.

Factors predicting outcome after salvage treatment for stage IV oral squamous cell carcinoma: Evidence of the potential importance of the cyclooxygenase-2-prostaglandin E2 pathway.

Background: We determined the clinicopathological factors that predicted outcome after salvage treatment for stage IV oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Additionally, the prognostic significance of the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)/microsomal prostaglandin-E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) pathway was evaluated.

Methods: Thirty-one patients who underwent salvage surgery were included.