The crosstalk between SUMOylation and immune system in host-pathogen interactions.

Pathogens can not only cause infectious diseases, immune system diseases, and chronic diseases, but also serve as potential triggers or initiators for certain tumors. They directly or indirectly damage human health and are one of the leading causes of global deaths. Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) modification, a type of protein post-translational modification (PTM) that occurs when SUMO groups bond covalently to particular lysine residues on substrate proteins, plays a crucial role in both innate and adaptive immunologic responses, as well as pathogen-host immune system crosstalk.

Defective acidic 2D COF-based catalysts for boosting the performance of polyoxymethylene diethyl ether synthesis under mild conditions.

Polyoxymethylene diethyl ethers (PODEEn) are oxygenated fuel additives with high performance due to their advantageous fuel properties. PODEEn can alleviate carbon debt as the production can utilize bioethanol and biomass syngas. Heterogeneous solid acid catalysts are desirable for an efficient PODEEn synthesis.

π-Conjugated polymeric phthalocyanine for the oxidative coupling of amines.

A cross-linked π-conjugated polymeric cobalt phthalocyanine material was developed by a facile, economical, scalable, and solid-phase synthesis method. In addition to being highly recyclable, this material showed greatly enhanced activity for the aerobic oxidative coupling of amines compared with a molecular catalyst before heterogenization, indicating good prospects for the material with a π-conjugated electronic character.

Construction of core-shell mesoporous carbon nanofiber@nickel cobaltite nanostructures as highly efficient catalysts towards 4-nitrophenol reduction.

We herein report small sized nickel cobaltite (NiCoO) nanosheets (103-144 nm × 71-97 nm) firmly coated on mesoporous carbon nanofibers (MCNFs), as active and stable catalysts for degradation of 4-nitrophenol in sewage with NaBH as the reductant. MCNFs with surface O-functionalities were first constructed by morphology-conserved transformation of zinc-trimesic acid fibers, which provide scaffolds to anchor trisodium citrate-induced Ni-Co hydroxide nanosheets. Upon calcination, the resultant core-shell MCNF@NiCoO nanostructures were fabricated and characterized by SEM, TEM, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and N adsorption/desorption techniques.

Extended effective carbon number concept in the quantitative analysis of multi-ethers using predicted response factors.

Flame ionized detector has been such widely applied in chemical analysis since its great invention and the discovery of chem-ionization. Thanks to the excellent contribution of Sternberg and the successors in this field, effective carbon number concept (ECN) can make the analysis calibration greatly simplified especially when authentic standard substances are unavailable or in the complicated case such as petrochemical industry and biomass processing. To supplement the ECN rule in multi-ethers, this work determined relative response factors of poly(oxymethylene) dimethyl ethers experimentally, and developed a probabilistic P-P effective carbon number model (P-ECN) for multi-ethers compounds.

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation in polyvinyl alcohol and sodium alginate immobilized biomass system: a potential tool to maintain anammox biomass in application.

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) has been proved to be a promising nitrogen removal method for treating ammonium-rich wastewater. However, because of the low-growth rate of anammox bacteria, maintenance of a sufficient amount of anammox biomass in reactor became a key factor in application. Gel immobilization is an efficient method to prevent biomass from being washed out and to promote hyper-concentrated cultures.

Nitrogen removal performance of anaerobic ammonia oxidation co-culture immobilized in different gel carriers.

Four materials were prepared as carriers for immobilizing anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing sludge. Nitrogen removal performance by these immobilized gel bead groups was evaluated. The removal ratios of ammonium and nitrite by CMC anammox-immobilized beads were 100% and 95.