Extraction of clinical data on major pulmonary diseases from unstructured radiologic reports using a large language model.

Despite significant strides in big data technology, extracting information from unstructured clinical data remains a formidable challenge. This study investigated the utility of large language models (LLMs) for extracting clinical data from unstructured radiological reports without additional training. In this retrospective study, 1800 radiologic reports, 600 from each of the three university hospitals, were collected, with seven pulmonary outcomes defined.

Intubated or rigid bronchoscopy under high-flow oxygenation and deep sedation without ventilator or anesthesiologist: A report on a new technique.

As the demand for advanced bronchoscopic procedures increases, prolonged sedation with adequate oxygenation has become essential. Traditionally, these procedures require an anesthesiologist to provide (positive-pressure or jet) ventilator support. However, recent innovations have enabled advanced bronchoscopy under high-flow endotracheal oxygenation and deep sedation without these requirements.

Blood lipid profiles as a prognostic biomarker in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Background: Dysregulation of lipid metabolism is implicated in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, the association between the blood lipid profiles and the prognosis of IPF is not well defined. We aimed to identify the impacts of lipid profiles on prognosis in patients with IPF.

ECMO is associated with decreased hospital mortality in COVID-19 ARDS.

This study determined whether compared to conventional mechanical ventilation (MV), extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is associated with decreased hospital mortality or fibrotic changes in patients with COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome. A cohort of 72 patients treated with ECMO and 390 with conventional MV were analyzed (February 2020-December 2021). A target trial was emulated comparing the treatment strategies of initiating ECMO vs no ECMO within 7 days of MV in patients with a PaO/FiO < 80 or a PaCO ≥ 60 mmHg.

VISTA (PD-1H) Is a Crucial Immune Regulator to Limit Pulmonary Fibrosis.

VISTA (V domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T cell activation, also called PD-1H [programmed death-1 homolog]), a novel immune regulator expressed on myeloid and T lymphocyte lineages, is upregulated in mouse and human idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, the significance of VISTA and its therapeutic potential in regulating IPF has yet to be defined. To determine the role of VISTA and its therapeutic potential in IPF, the expression profile of VISTA was evaluated from human single-cell RNA sequencing data (IPF Cell Atlas).

Treatment Outcomes of Cavitary Nodular Bronchiectatic-Type Mycobacterium avium Complex Pulmonary Disease.

We investigated the treatment outcomes of patients with cavitary nodular bronchiectatic (C-NB)-type Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) pulmonary disease (PD) via outcome comparisons between the fibrocavitary (FC) and C-NB types treated with guideline-based therapy (GBT) composed of daily three-drug oral antibiotics and injectable aminoglycoside. Additionally, we analyzed whether treatment with oral antibiotics alone would result in acceptable outcomes for the C-NB type. From 2002 to 2019, patients with cavitary MAC-PD who received three-drug oral antibiotics with or without an injectable aminoglycoside for ≥1 year were retrospectively enrolled at a tertiary referral center in South Korea.

Correlation Comparison and Personalized Utility of Field Walking Tests in Assessing the Exercise Capacity of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Incremental shuttle walking tests (ISWT) are regarded as valuable alternatives to 6-min walking tests (6MWT) and cardiopulmonary exercise tests (CPET) owing to the maximal and externally paced loading. This study investigated the validity and reliability of ISWT by analyzing the correlation of the distances of two field tests with peak oxygen consumption (VO2) of CPET in patients with COPD. Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, patients with COPD were enrolled from two hospitals.

Stronger correlation of peak oxygen uptake with distance of incremental shuttle walk test than 6-min walk test in patients with COPD: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The 6-min walk test (6MWT) and incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT) are valid and reliable measures to assess exercise capacity of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the comparison of correlation between peak oxygen uptake (peak VO) and 6MWT or ISWT distance has not been investigated. We aimed to investigate the correlation between peak VO and 6MWT and ISWT distances in COPD patients through a meta-analysis.

The Effectiveness of the Use of Regdanvimab (CT-P59) in Addition to Remdesivir in Patients with Severe COVID-19: A Single Center Retrospective Study.

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) still has a high mortality rate when it is severe. Regdanvimab (CT-P59), a neutralizing monoclonal antibody that has been proven effective against mild to moderate COVID-19, may be effective against severe COVID-19. This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the combined use of remdesivir and regdanvimab in patients with severe COVID-19.

Histiocytic pleural effusion: the strong clue to malignancy.

Background: There have been many studies on the clinical characteristics of neutrophilic, lymphocytic, and/or eosinophilic pleural effusion. While caring for patients with pleural effusion, we found that histiocytic pleural effusion (HisPE) was not uncommon. However, few studies have explored HisPE.

The mechanical characteristics and performance evaluation of a newly developed silicone airway stent (GINA stent).

Central airway obstruction (CAO) can be attributed to several benign or malignant conditions. Although surgery is the preferred therapeutic option for the management of CAO, bronchoscopic treatment can be performed in scenarios where the surgical procedure is not possible. Recent years have witnessed several improvements in the field of bronchoscopic treatment, especially with regard to airway stents.