Publications by authors named "Gangfeng Yan"

Background: Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS) is a highly aggressive form of soft-tissue sarcoma that predominantly affects children. Due to limited benefits and resistance to therapy, there is an unmet need to explore alternative therapeutic strategies.

Case Presentation: In this report, we present a rare case of pediatric ERMS located on the right side of the maxillary gingiva.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study aimed to analyze Klebsiella pneumoniae infections and their drug resistance patterns in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) across 17 domestic hospitals from 2016 to 2022.
  • Researchers found a notable rise in infection rates, with 9.7% of strains isolated, primarily from respiratory, blood, and urinary tracts, highlighting a severe resistance to common antibiotics like penicillin and significant resistance levels to cephalosporins.
  • The conclusion stresses the urgent need for careful antibiotic usage and effective infection control measures to combat the growing resistance and improve treatment outcomes in PICUs.
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Background: Caspofungin is an echinocandin antifungal agent commonly used as the first-line therapy for invasive candidiasis, salvage therapy for invasive aspergillosis, and empirical therapy for presumed fungal infections. Pharmacokinetic (PK) variabilities and suboptimal exposure have been reported for caspofungin, increasing the risk of insufficient efficacy.

Objective: This work aimed to develop a caspofungin population pharmacokinetic (popPK) library and demonstrate its utility by assessing the probability of target attainment across diverse settings.

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Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major threat to children's health, particularly in respiratory infections. Accurate identification of pathogens and AMR is crucial for targeted antibiotic treatment. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) shows promise in directly detecting microorganisms and resistance genes in clinical samples.

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Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) poses immense threats to the health of infected patients worldwide, especially children. This study reports the infection caused by CRKP in a paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) child and its drug-resistant mutation during the treatment. Twelve Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing K.

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Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics of three patients with Immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked (IPEX) syndrome.

Methods: Three patients with IPEX syndrome diagnosed at the Children's Hospital of Fudan University from January 24, 2013 to July 29, 2019 were selected as the study subjects. Their clinical features, laboratory investigations and results of genetic testing were summarized.

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Background: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) not only significantly improves survival rates in severely ill neonates but also is associated with long-term neurodevelopmental issues. To systematically review the available literature on the neurodevelopmental outcomes of neonates and infants who have undergone ECMO treatment, with a focus on motor deficits, cognitive impairments, sensory impairments, and developmental delays. This review aims to understand the incidence, prevalence, and risk factors for these problems and to explore current nursing care and management strategies.

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Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II (MHC II) deficiency is a rare primary immunodeficiency disorder (PID) with autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. The outcome is almost fatal owing to delayed diagnosis and lacking of effective therapy. Therefore, prompt diagnosis, timely and effective treatment are critical.

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Background: Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) is a powerful method for pathogen detection in various infections. In this study, we assessed the value of mNGS in the pathogen diagnosis and microbiome analysis of pneumonia in pediatric intensive care units (PICU) using bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples.

Methods: A total of 104 pediatric patients with pneumonia who were admitted into PICU between June 2018 and February 2020 were retrospectively enrolled.

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Introduction: The increasing prevalence of carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacilli infection has emerged as a substantial threat to human health.

Methodology: In January 2017, a screening program for carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacilli colonization was performed in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Subsequently, different strategies for carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacilli cohorting and patient placements were introduced in January 2018.

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Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) has shown promise in the diagnosis of infectious diseases in adults, while its efficacy in pediatric infections remains uncertain. We performed a retrospective analysis of 1,493 mNGS samples from pediatric patients with blood, central nervous system, and lower respiratory tract infections. The positive percent agreement (PPA) and the negative percent agreement (NPA) of mNGS were compared to conventional microbiological tests (CMT) based on clinical diagnosis.

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We retrospectively investigated CRKP isolates among 92 pediatric patients (32 neonates and 60 non‑neonates) in 2019 and 2020 (59 and 33 isolates, respectively) to investigate the molecular characteristics and virulence factors of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) isolated from pediatric patients,. All the CRKP isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing, string testing, molecular typing of virulence and carbapenemase genes, and multilocus sequence typing. Hypervirulent K.

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Background: Notch signaling is critical for regulating the function of vascular endothelial cells (ECs). However, the effect of the intracellular domain of Notch1 (NICD) on EC injury in sepsis remains unclear.

Methods: We established a cell model of vascular endothelial dysfunction and induced sepsis in a mouse model lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP).

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Background: Severe pneumonia due to lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Noninfectious respiratory syndromes resembling LRTIs can complicate the diagnosis and may also make targeted therapy difficult because of the difficulty of identifying LRTI pathogens. In the present study, a highly sensitive metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) approach was used to characterize the microbiome of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in children with severe lower pneumonia and identify pathogenic microorganisms that may cause severe pneumonia.

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Objectives: To reveal the clinical and molecular characteristics of Bordetella pertussis (BP) prevalent in Shanghai, China.

Methods: A total of 9430 children with suspected pertussis from 2021 to 2022 were included, and nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected for polymerase chain reaction detection, culture, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and 23S rRNA gene A2047G detection. BP strains were typed using multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis and virulence genotyping.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study evaluates Heparin-binding protein (HBP) as a potential biomarker for diagnosing and predicting outcomes in severe sepsis among children in the PICU.
  • Conducted in nine PICUs in China, it analyzed plasma levels of HBP along with other biomarkers in 355 pediatric patients over two time points.
  • Results indicated that higher HBP levels are associated with severe sepsis and organ dysfunction, with decreasing levels over 72 hours linked to lower in-hospital mortality, suggesting its utility in clinical settings.
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Background: eosinophilic meningitis (AEM) is a rare yet emerging disease caused by infection. Its atypical symptoms may delay the diagnosis and cause fatal outcomes, especially in the early stages of infection and among children.

Case Presentation: Here we reported the use of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) to facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of an 8-year-old boy with severe infection.

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The global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has brought great challenges to the traditional medical model. During the outbreak of COVID-19 in Shanghai, China, from March to May, 2022, there was a significant increase in the number of pediatric cases due to high transmissibility, immune escape, and vaccine breakthrough capacity of Omicron variants. The designated hospitals for children with COVID-19 served as a connecting link between children's specialized hospitals and mobile cabin hospitals.

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Background: Paxlovid is recognized as an effective medication in preventing the progression of coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) to severe form in adults; however, its efficacy has remained unknown in pediatric cases. This study aimed to analyze the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of Paxlovid treatment in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-infected children aged 6-14 years.

Methods: We conducted a cohort study based on prospectively collected clinical data.

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Ultrasonic motor as a actuator of control system is widely used in the equipment driven for the precision manufacturing. In this brief, for the selection of the ultrasonic motor, an approximate time-domain mathematical model was established according to the physical mechanism of the ultrasonic motor. The parameters of the model were identified by using the least square method.

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Background: Community-acquired Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) is an emerging pathogen that leads to severe outcomes, especially in pediatric patients with multiple sites infection.

Case Presentation: We report a case of multiple sites and life-threatening infection caused by CA-MRSA in a 6-year-old girl who manifested sepsis, myelitis, purulent arthritis, purulent meningitis, hydropericardium, pneumonia, and empyema. The girl exhibited good response to the combination therapy of linezolid and rifampicin after treatment failure of vancomycin with maximum dose due to its serum concentration unable to reach therapeutic goal.

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