HMGB1 Promotes Mitochondrial Dysfunction-Triggered Striatal Neurodegeneration via Autophagy and Apoptosis Activation.

Impairments in mitochondrial energy metabolism are thought to be involved in many neurodegenerative diseases. The mitochondrial inhibitor 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) induces striatal pathology mimicking neurodegeneration in vivo. Previous studies showed that 3-NP also triggered autophagy activation and apoptosis.

Prevention of muscle disuse atrophy by MG132 proteasome inhibitor.

Introduction: Our goal was to determine whether in vivo administration of the proteasome inhibitor MG132 can prevent muscle atrophy caused by hindlimb unloading (HU).

Methods: Twenty-seven NMRI mice were assigned to a weight-bearing control, a 6-day HU, or a HU+MG132 (1 mg/kg/48 h) treatment group.

Results: Gastrocnemius wasting was significantly less in HU+MG132 mice (-6.

Endoplasmic reticulum stress markers and ubiquitin–proteasome pathway activity in response to a 200-km run.

Purpose: This study investigated whether a 200-km run modulates signaling pathways implicated in cellular stress in skeletal muscle, with special attention paid to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and to the activation of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway.

Methods: Eight men ran 200 km (28 h 03 min ± 2 h 01 min). Two muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis muscle 2 wk before and 3 h after the race.