Pain management after ambulatory surgery: a prospective, multicenter, randomized, double-blinded parallel controlled trial comparing nalbuphine and tramadol.

Background: Postoperative pain in ambulatory surgery is a multifactorial issue affecting patient satisfaction, time of discharge, and rehospitalization. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of nalbuphine for the treatment of postoperative pain after ambulatory surgery, relative to tramadol.

Methods: This multi-center, randomized, double blind, and controlled study was conducted at 10 centers.

Alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation attenuated intestine-derived acute lung injury.

Background: Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IIR) could lead to acute lung injury, associated with severe alveolar epithelial cells inflammatory and oxidative injury. Alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) is an essential component of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. The aim of this study was to investigate the important role of α7nAChR on the lung subjected to IIR.

In Vivo Evaluation of the Ameliorating Effects of Small-Volume Resuscitation with Four Different Fluids on Endotoxemia-Induced Kidney Injury.

Acute kidney injury associated with renal hypoperfusion is a frequent and severe complication during sepsis. Fluid resuscitation is the main therapy. However, heart failure is usually lethal for those patients receiving large volumes of fluids.

Ulinastatin prevents acute lung injury led by liver transplantation.

Background: Little is known regarding the effect of ulinastatin (UTI) on acute lung injury (ALI) induced by orthotopic liver transplantation. This study aims to investigate the protective effect of UTI on ALI induced by orthotopic autologous liver transplantation (OALT) in a rat model and to explore the potential underlying mechanism.

Materials And Methods: Rats were randomly allocated into the following four groups (n = 8 each): (i) sham control group (group sham); (ii) model group (underwent OALT) (group model); (iii) low-dose UTI-treated group (group u1), with UTI (50 U/g) administered intravenously both before the portal vein was occluded and after liver reperfusion started; and (iv) high-dose UTI-treated group (group uh), with UTI (100 U/g) given in the same way as group ul.

Relationship between the expression of Toll-like receptor 2 and 4 in mononuclear cells and postoperative acute lung injury in orthotopic liver transplantation.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the potential relationship between the dynamic expression of Toll-like receptor 2 and 4 (TLR2/4) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells as well as changes in serum concentration of inflammatory factors and acute lung injury (ALI) in patients after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT).

Methods: The peripheral blood samples of 27 patients (23 men and 4 women with ASA III to IV) who received OLT were collected for measurement of TLR2/4 at T1 (after induction of anesthesia), T2 (25 minutes after anhepatic phase), T3 (3 hours after graft reperfusion) and T4 (24 hours after graft reperfusion). The expression of TLR2/4 in mononuclear cells was measured by flow cytometry.

[Effects of huperzine A on cognitive function of rats recovering from general anesthesia].

Objective: To observe the effect of huperzine A on the cognitive function of rats recovering from general anesthesia and discuss its possible mechanism.

Methods: Sixty rats (20 to 23 weeks old) were subjected to spatial reference memory version of navigation task, in which the rats were expected to locate the escape platform in water. Two sessions of training were given daily for 5 days, and on the 5th day, the escape latencies of the rats were recorded.

[Effect of Astragalus membranacaus injection on activity of intestinal mucosal mast cells and inflammatory response after hemorrahagic shock-reperfusion in rats].

Objective: To observe the effects of astragalus membranacaus injection on the activity of the intestinal mucosal mast cells (IMMC) and inflammatory response after hemorrahagic shock-reperfusion in rats.

Method: Thirty-two Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal group, model group, low dosage group, (treated with astragalus membranacaus 10 g kg(-1)) and high dosage group (treated with astragalus membranacaus 20 g kg(-1)). Models of hemorrhage shock for 60 minutes and reperfusion for 90 minutes were created.

Pretreatment of cromolyn sodium prior to reperfusion attenuates early reperfusion injury after the small intestine ischemia in rats.

Aim: To investigate the effects of Cromolyn Sodium (CS) pretreated prior to reperfusion on the activity of intestinal mucosal mast cells (IMMC) and mucous membrane of the small intestine in ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury of rats.

Methods: Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham group (group S), model group (group M), high and low dosage of CS groups, (treated with CS 50 mg/kg or 25 mg/kg, group C1 and C2). Intestinal IR damage was induced by clamping the superior mesenteric artery for 45 min followed by reperfusion for 60 min.

[Cromolyn sodium ameliorates rat left cardiac function during intestinal ischemia-reperfusion].

Objective: To investigate cardiac function impairment and myocardial injury in rats with intestinal ischemia-reperfusion and the protective effect of cromolyn sodium.

Methods: Thirty-two SD rats were randomized into 4 groups (n=8), namely the sham operation group, model group, 50 mg/kg cromolyn sodium group, and 25 mg/kg cromolyn sodium group. Intestinal damage was induced by clamping the superior mesenteric artery for 45 min followed by reperfusion for 60 min.

[Change in mixed venous oxygen saturation in patients in perioperative periods of orthotopic liver transplantation and its clinical implication].

Objective: To observe the changes in mixed venous oxygen saturation(SvO(2))during perioperative periods of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT), and explore its clinical significances.

Methods: Twenty patients in terminal stage of hepatic cirrhosis were scheduled for OLT under combined general anesthesia. Vigilance monitor (Edwards, USA) was employed to monitor perioperative SvO(2), oxygen delivery (DO(2)), oxygen consumption(VO(2)), oxygen extraction rate (ERO(2)) and body temperature, cardiac output (CO), and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP).

Changes of nitric oxide and endothelin, thromboxane A2 and prostaglandin in cirrhotic patients undergoing liver transplantation.

Aim: To investigate the perioperative changes of nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin (ET), thromboxane A2 (TXA2) and prostaglandin (PGI2) during liver transplantation in end-stage liver disease patients.

Methods: Twenty-seven patients with end-stage cirrhosis undergoing liver transplantation were enrolled in this prospective study. Blood samples were obtained from superior vena at five different surgical stages.

[Effect of perioperative continuous epidural morphine administration on plasma D-dimer in patients undergoing total hip replacement].

Objective: To evaluate the effect of perioperative continuous epidural morphine administration on plasma D-dimer level in patients undergoing total hip replacement.

Methods: Forty ASA I-II patients undergoing total hip replacement under epidural anesthesia were randomized into two groups. In one group, the patients were given epidural administration of morphine 15 min before operation at 4 mg (in 10 ml normal saline) and for 48 h after the operation at 80 microg/h, while those in the other group received epidural injection of the same amount of normal saline before operation and 0.

[Changes in oxygen metabolism in hepatitis B gravis in peri-operative stages of orthotopic liver transplantation].

Objective: To investigate the changes in oxygen metabolism in peri-operative stages in hepatitis B gravis and non-hepatitis B gravis undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT).

Methods: Twelve patients undergoing OLT for hepatitis B gravis (experimental group) and 10 patients without hepatitis B gravis (control group) were enrolled for study. Anesthesia was induced by propofol, fentanyl and vecuronium bromide, and maintained with isoflurane.

[Changes in hemodynamics and nitric oxide/endothelin-1 during liver transplantation in patients with cirrhosis].

Objective: To study the systemic and pulmonary hemodynamic changes of patients with cirrhosis during liver transplantation and evaluate the role of nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin-1(ET-1).

Methods: Twenty-four patients with cirrhosis at terminal stage underwent modifying piggy-back liver transplantation. Hemodynamic parameters including cardiac index (CI), arterial blood pressure (ABP) and pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) were monitored continuously.

[Changes in pulmonary gas exchange and intrapulmonary shunt during orthotopic liver transplantation with non-venovenous bypass].

Objective: To study the changes in pulmonary gas exchange and intrapulmonary shunt during orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) with non-venovenous bypass.

Methods: Nineteen American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) III-IV patients (male 17, female 2) with terminal liver diseases were enrolled for study. Their age ranged from 25-67 years.

[Significance of hemodynamic changes and monitoring value of patients with severe hepatitis during perioperative orthotopic liver transplantation].

Objective: To observe the hemodynamic changes of the patients with severe hepatitis during orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT).

Methods: Ten patients with severe hepatitis received liver transplantation. The pulmonary artery catheter was inserted into right jugular vein and an arterial line was put in the left radial artery.