A Novel Compound Ligusticum Cycloprolactam Alleviates Neuroinflammation After Ischemic Stroke via the FPR1/NLRP3 Signaling Axis.

Background: Microglia/macrophages, as pivotal immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS), play a critical role in neuroinflammation associated with ischemic brain injury. Targeting their activation through pharmacological interventions represents a promising strategy to alleviate neurological deficits, thereby harboring significant implications for the prevention and treatment of ischemic stroke. Ligusticum cycloprolactam (LIGc), a novel monomeric derivative of traditional Chinese medicine, has shown potential as a therapeutic agent; however, its specific role in cerebral ischemic injury remains unclear.

Optimization of dual-energy CT enterography parameters for the assessment of Crohn's disease activity: a retrospective study.

Purpose: Discuss the selection of imaging parameters in dual-energy CT enterography (DECTE) assessment for patients with Crohn's disease (CD) at different activity levels.

Method: This study analyzed data from 55 CD patients who had DECTE and endoscopy from 2020 to 2022. Patients were divided into moderate-severe (Crohn's Disease Endoscopic Index of Severity (CDEIS) ≥ 10) and remission-mild (CDEIS < 10) groups.

Formyl peptide receptors in the microglial activation: New perspectives and therapeutic potential for neuroinflammation.

Secondary neurological impairment mediated by neuroinflammation is recognized as a crucial pathological factor in central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Currently, there exists a lack of specific therapies targeting neuroinflammation. Given that microglia constitute the primary immune cells involved in the neuroinflammatory response, a thorough comprehension of their role in CNS diseases is imperative for the development of efficacious treatments.

Superconductivity and nematic order in a new titanium-based kagome metal CsTiBi without charge density wave order.

The cascade of correlated topological quantum states in the newly discovered vanadium-based kagome superconductors, AVSb (A = K, Rb, and Cs), with a Z topological band structure has sparked immense interest. Here, we report the discovery of superconductivity and electronic nematic order in high-quality single-crystals of a new titanium-based kagome metal, CsTiBi, that preserves the translation symmetry, in stark contrast to the charge density wave superconductor AVSb. Transport and magnetic susceptibility measurements show superconductivity with an onset superconducting transition temperature T of approximately 4.

Hereditary vitreoretinal amyloidosis with transthyretin Gly83Arg variant, a long-term study.

Background: This study evaluated the clinical data on ophthalmic follow-up and treatment efficacy of hereditary vitreoretinal amyloidosis kindred due to transthyretin Gly83Arg variant over a 15-year follow-up period.

Methods: The clinical data of patients with hereditary ATTRG83R amyloidosis from 2006 to 2021 were analysed retrospectively. Sanger sequencing of the transthyretin gene, detailed medical history, pedigree charting, and systemic and ophthalmic examinations were carried out in all patients.

A comparative study of the established methods and evaluation of rat trauma models.

Background: Scientific animal models are indispensable for studying trauma repair. This work aimed at establishing a more scientific rat trauma model by studying different rat trauma models caused by different trauma numbers, locations, and trauma attachment tension unloaders and rat age.

Methods: A four-trauma self-upper, lower, left and right control model; a two-trauma self-trauma bare and ring control model; and a young and old rat trauma model were created to evaluate the condition of these traumas.

Resolvin D2/GPR18 signaling enhances monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cell function to mitigate abdominal aortic aneurysm formation.

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) formation is a chronic vascular pathology characterized by inflammation, leukocyte infiltration, and vascular remodeling. The aim of this study was to delineate the protective role of Resolvin D2 (RvD2), a bioactive isoform of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators, via G-protein-coupled receptor 18 (GPR18) receptor signaling in attenuating AAAs. Importantly, RvD2 and GPR18 levels were significantly decreased in aortic tissue of AAA patients compared with controls.

Gasdermin D deficiency attenuates development of ascending aortic dissections in a novel mouse model.

Background: Thoracic aortic dissection (TAD) is a silent killer. Approximately two-thirds of the cases occur in the ascending aorta (i.e.

Pharmacologic Inhibition of Ferroptosis Attenuates Experimental Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Formation.

The pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) formation involves vascular inflammation, thrombosis formation and programmed cell death leading to aortic remodeling. Recent studies have suggested that ferroptosis, an excessive iron-mediated cell death, can regulate cardiovascular diseases, including AAAs. However, the role of ferroptosis in immune cells, like macrophages, and ferroptosis-related genes in AAA formation remains to be deciphered.

Magnetocaloric effect of topological excitations in Kitaev magnets.

Traditional magnetic sub-Kelvin cooling relies on the nearly free local moments in hydrate paramagnetic salts, whose utility is hampered by the dilute magnetic ions and low thermal conductivity. Here we propose to use instead fractional excitations inherent to quantum spin liquids (QSLs) as an alternative, which are sensitive to external fields and can induce a very distinctive magnetocaloric effect. With state-of-the-art tensor-network approach, we compute low-temperature properties of Kitaev honeycomb model.

Resolvin D2/GPR18 signaling enhances monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cell function to mitigate abdominal aortic aneurysm formation.

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) formation is a chronic vascular pathology characterized by inflammation, leukocyte infiltration and vascular remodeling. The aim of this study was to delineate the protective role of Resolvin D2 (RvD2), a bioactive isoform of specialized proresolving lipid mediators, via G-protein coupled receptor 18 (GPR18) receptor signaling in attenuating AAAs. Importantly, RvD2 and GPR18 levels were significantly decreased in aortic tissue of AAA patients compared with controls.

Effects of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Central Nervous System Diseases.

Central nervous system (CNS) diseases are one of the diseases that threaten human health. The delivery of drugs targeting the CNS has always been a significant challenge; the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is the main obstacle that must be overcome. The rise of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) therapy has brought hope for the treatment of CNS diseases.

Bilayer t-J-J_{⊥} Model and Magnetically Mediated Pairing in the Pressurized Nickelate La_{3}Ni_{2}O_{7}.

The recently discovered nickelate superconductor La_{3}Ni_{2}O_{7} has a high transition temperature near 80 K under pressure, providing an additional avenue for exploring unconventional superconductivity. Here, with state-of-the-art tensor-network methods, we study a bilayer t-J-J_{⊥} model for La_{3}Ni_{2}O_{7} and find a robust s-wave superconductive (SC) order mediated by interlayer magnetic couplings. Large-scale density matrix renormalization group calculations find algebraic pairing correlations with Luttinger parameter K_{SC}≲1.

Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles: how they mediate glioma immunosuppression.

Gliomas, the most common malignant brain tumor, present a grim prognosis despite available treatments such as surgical resection, temozolomide (TMZ) therapy, and radiation therapy. This is due to their aggressive growth, high level of immunosuppression, and the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which obstruct the effective exchange of therapeutic drugs. Gliomas can significantly affect differentiation and function of immune cells by releasing extracellular vesicles (EVs), resulting in a systemic immunosuppressive state and a highly immunosuppressive microenvironment.

Giant magnetocaloric effect in spin supersolid candidate NaBaCo(PO).

Supersolid, an exotic quantum state of matter that consists of particles forming an incompressible solid structure while simultaneously showing superfluidity of zero viscosity, is one of the long-standing pursuits in fundamental research. Although the initial report of He supersolid turned out to be an artefact, this intriguing quantum matter has inspired enthusiastic investigations into ultracold quantum gases. Nevertheless, the realization of supersolidity in condensed matter remains elusive.

A versatile model with three-dimensional triangular lattice for unconventional transport and various topological effects.

The finite Berry curvature in topological materials can induce many subtle phenomena, such as the anomalous Hall effect (AHE), spin Hall effect (SHE), anomalous Nernst effect (ANE), non-linear Hall effect (NLHE) and bulk photovoltaic effects. To explore these novel physics as well as their connection and coupling, a precise and effective model should be developed. Here, we propose such a versatile model-a 3D triangular lattice with alternating hopping parameters, which can yield various topological phases, including kagome bands, triply degenerate fermions, double Weyl semimetals and so on.

Phonon vortices at heavy impurities in two-dimensional materials.

The advent of monochromated electron energy-loss spectroscopy has enabled atomic-resolution vibrational spectroscopy, which triggered interest in spatially localized or quasi-localized vibrational modes in materials. Here we report the discovery of phonon vortices at heavy impurities in two-dimensional materials. We use density-functional-theory calculations for two configurations of Si impurities in graphene, Si-C and Si-C, to examine atom-projected phonon densities of states and display the atomic-displacement patterns for select modes that are dominated by impurity displacements.

Novel Strategies for Angiogenesis in Tissue Injury: Therapeutic Effects of iPSCs-Derived Exosomes.

Regeneration after tissue injury is a dynamic and complex process, and angiogenesis is necessary for normal physiological activities and tissue repair. Induced pluripotent stem cells are a new approach in regenerative medicine, which provides good model for the study of difficult-to-obtain human tissues, patient-specific therapy, and tissue repair. As an innovative cell-free therapeutic strategy, the main advantages of the treatment of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)-derived exosomes are low in tumorigenicity and immunogenicity, which become an important pathway for tissue injury.

Symmetry dictionary on charge and spin nonlinear responses for all magnetic point groups with nontrivial topological nature.

Recently, charge or spin nonlinear transport with nontrivial topological properties in crystal materials has attracted much attention. In this paper, we perform a comprehensive symmetry analysis for all 122 magnetic point groups (MPGs) and provide a useful dictionary for charge and spin nonlinear transport from the Berry curvature dipole, Berry connection polarizability and Drude term with nontrivial topological nature. The results are obtained by conducting a full symmetry investigation of the matrix representations of six nonlinear response tensors.

Superconducting, Topological, and Transport Properties of Kagome Metals CsTiBi and RbTiBi.

The recently discovered ATiBi (A=Cs, Rb) exhibit intriguing quantum phenomena including superconductivity, electronic nematicity, and abundant topological states. ATiBi present promising platforms for studying kagome superconductivity, band topology, and charge orders in parallel with AVSb. In this work, we comprehensively analyze various properties of ATiBi covering superconductivity under pressure and doping, band topology under pressure, thermal conductivity, heat capacity, electrical resistance, and spin Hall conductivity (SHC) using first-principles calculations.

Plaquette Singlet Transition, Magnetic Barocaloric Effect, and Spin Supersolidity in the Shastry-Sutherland Model.

Inspired by recent experimental measurements [Guo et al., Phys. Rev.

Polymeric Electrolytes for Solid-state Lithium Ion Batteries: Structure Design, Electrochemical Properties and Cell Performances.

Solid-state electrolytes are key to achieving high energy density, safety, and stability for lithium-ion batteries. In this Review, core indicators of solid polymer electrolytes are discussed in detail including ionic conductivity, interface compatibility, mechanical integrity, and cycling stability. Besides, we also summarize how above properties can be improved by design strategies of functional monomers, groups, and assembly of batteries.

Possible intermediate quantum spin liquid phase in α-RuCl under high magnetic fields up to 100 T.

Pursuing the exotic quantum spin liquid (QSL) state in the Kitaev material α-RuCl has intrigued great research interest recently. A fascinating question is on the possible existence of a field-induced QSL phase in this compound. Here we perform high-field magnetization measurements of α-RuCl up to 102 T employing the non-destructive and destructive pulsed magnets.

Observation of flat band, Dirac nodal lines and topological surface states in Kagome superconductor CsTiBi.

Kagome lattices of various transition metals are versatile platforms for achieving anomalous Hall effects, unconventional charge-density wave orders and quantum spin liquid phenomena due to the strong correlations, spin-orbit coupling and/or magnetic interactions involved in such a lattice. Here, we use laser-based angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy in combination with density functional theory calculations to investigate the electronic structure of the newly discovered kagome superconductor CsTiBi, which is isostructural to the AVSb (A = K, Rb or Cs) kagome superconductor family and possesses a two-dimensional kagome network of titanium. We directly observe a striking flat band derived from the local destructive interference of Bloch wave functions within the kagome lattice.