Adaptive fabric with emissivity regulation for thermal management of humans.

The heat generation of the human body dramatically varies between resting and active status, so dynamic heat dissipation is required to ensure optimal thermal comfort. Herein, we propose a spectrally self-adaptive smart fabric (SSSF) by covering polyester fabric with silver nanowires, which autonomously adjusts its emissivity in response to the body's movement status from dry to wet states. During periods of inactivity, the SSSF maintains radiative heat insulation with a low emissivity state of 0.

Photoexcitation-Enhanced High-Ionic Conductivity in Polymer Electrolytes for Flexible, All-Solid-State Lithium-Metal Batteries Operating at Room Temperature.

Designing solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) with high ionic conductivity for room-temperature operation is essential for advancing flexible all-solid-state energy storage devices. Innovative strategies are urgently required to develop SPEs that are safe, stable, and high-performing. In this work, we introduce photoexcitation-modulated heterojunctions as catalytically active fillers within SPEs, guided by photocatalytic design principles, and meanwhile employ natural bacterial cellulose to improve the compatibility with poly(ethylene oxide), improve the coordination environment of lithium salts, and optimize both ion transport and mechanical properties.

Dietary Flavonoid Chrysin Functions as a Dual Modulator to Attenuate Amyloid-β and Tau Pathology in the Models of Alzheimer's Disease.

Growing evidence indicates that healthy diets are associated with a slower progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Flavonoids are among the most abundant natural products in diets beneficial to AD, such as the Mediterranean diet. However, the effect and mechanism of these dietary flavonoids on AD remains incompletely understood.

Flavonoid chrysin activates both TrkB and FGFR1 receptors while upregulates their endogenous ligands such as brain derived neurotrophic factor to promote human neurogenesis.

Neurogenesis is the process of generating new neurons from neural stem cells (NSCs) and plays a crucial role in neurological diseases. The process involves a series of steps, including NSC proliferation, migration and differentiation, which are regulated by multiple pathways such as neurotrophic Trk and fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR) signalling. Despite the discovery of numerous compounds capable of modulating individual stages of neurogenesis, it remains challenging to identify an agent that can regulate multiple cellular processes of neurogenesis.

Psychedelic LSD activates neurotrophic signal but fails to stimulate neural stem cells.

Accumulating evidence has shown that some hallucinogens, such as LSD, have fast and persistent effects on anxiety and depression. According to a proposed mechanism, LSD activates the TrkB and HTR2A signaling pathways, which enhance the density of neuronal dendritic spines and synaptic function, and thus promote brain function. Moreover, TrkB signaling is also known to be crucial for neural stem cell (NSC)-mediated neuroregeneration to repair dysfunctional neurons.

Disease tolerance as immune defense strategy in bats: One size fits all?

Bats are natural reservoirs for zoonotic pathogens, yet the determinants of microbial persistence as well as the specific functionality of their immune system remain largely enigmatic. Their propensity to harbor viruses lethal to humans and/or livestock, mostly in absence of clinical disease, makes bats stand out among mammals. Defending against pathogens relies on avoidance, resistance, and/or tolerance strategies.

Mechanism of Mulberry Leaves and Black Sesame in Alleviating Slow Transit Constipation Revealed by Multi-Omics Analysis.

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) possesses the potential of providing good curative effects with no side effects for the effective management of slow transit constipation (STC), an intestinal disease characterized by colonic dyskinesia. Mulberry leaves L.) and black sesame ( L.

CCR5 and inflammatory storm.

Chemokines and their corresponding receptors play crucial roles in orchestrating inflammatory and immune responses, particularly in the context of pathological conditions disrupting the internal environment. Among these receptors, CCR5 has garnered considerable attention due to its significant involvement in the inflammatory cascade, serving as a pivotal mediator of neuroinflammation and other inflammatory pathways associated with various diseases. However, a notable gap persists in comprehending the intricate mechanisms governing the interplay between CCR5 and its ligands across diverse and intricate inflammatory pathologies.

Flexible scaffold-based cheminformatics approach for polypharmacological drug design.

Effective treatments for complex central nervous system (CNS) disorders require drugs with polypharmacology and multifunctionality, yet designing such drugs remains a challenge. Here, we present a flexible scaffold-based cheminformatics approach (FSCA) for the rational design of polypharmacological drugs. FSCA involves fitting a flexible scaffold to different receptors using different binding poses, as exemplified by IHCH-7179, which adopted a "bending-down" binding pose at 5-HTR to act as an antagonist and a "stretching-up" binding pose at 5-HTR to function as an agonist.

Hydrogen production and solar energy storage with thermo-electrochemically enhanced steam methane reforming.

Hydrogen is widely regarded as a sustainable energy carrier with tremendous potential for low-carbon energy transition. Solar photovoltaic-driven water electrolysis (PV-E) is a clean and sustainable approach of hydrogen production, but with major barriers of high hydrogen production costs and limited capacity. Steam methane reforming (SMR), the state-of-the-art means of hydrogen production, has yet to overcome key obstacles of high reaction temperature and CO emission for sustainability.

Alzheimer's Amyloid-β Accelerates Cell Senescence and Suppresses SIRT1 in Human Neural Stem Cells.

As a lifelong source of neurons, neural stem cells (NSCs) serve multiple crucial functions in the brain. The senescence of NSCs may be associated with the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our study reveals a noteworthy finding, indicating that the AD-associated pathogenic protein amyloid-β (Aβ) substantially enhances senescence-related characteristics of human NSCs.

Salvianolic Acid B Alleviates Liver Injury by Regulating Lactate-Mediated Histone Lactylation in Macrophages.

Salvianolic acid B (Sal B) is the primary water-soluble bioactive constituent derived from the roots of Bunge. This research was designed to reveal the potential mechanism of Sal B anti-liver injury from the perspective of macrophages. In our lipopolysaccharide-induced M1 macrophage model, Sal B showed a clear dose-dependent gradient of inhibition of the macrophage trend of the M1 type.

[An attention-guided network for bilateral ventricular segmentation in pediatric echocardiography].

Accurate segmentation of pediatric echocardiograms is a challenging task, because significant heart-size changes with age and faster heart rate lead to more blurred boundaries on cardiac ultrasound images compared with adults. To address these problems, a dual decoder network model combining channel attention and scale attention is proposed in this paper. Firstly, an attention-guided decoder with deep supervision strategy is used to obtain attention maps for the ventricular regions.

Superhydrophobic bilayer coating for passive daytime radiative cooling.

Passive radiative cooling is an energy-free cooling method by exchanging thermal radiation with the cold universe through the transparent atmospheric window. Spectrum tailoring of the radiative cooler is the key to daytime radiative cooling in previously reported works. In addition, radiative coolers with large-scale fabrication and self-cleaning characteristics should be further developed to improve their industrial applicability.

Functional Landscape of African Swine Fever Virus-Host and Virus-Virus Protein Interactions.

Viral replication fully relies on the host cell machinery, and physical interactions between viral and host proteins mediate key steps of the viral life cycle. Therefore, identifying virus-host protein-protein interactions (PPIs) provides insights into the molecular mechanisms governing virus infection and is crucial for designing novel antiviral strategies. In the case of the African swine fever virus (ASFV), a large DNA virus that causes a deadly panzootic disease in pigs, the limited understanding of host and viral targets hinders the development of effective vaccines and treatments.

Human GBP1 Is Involved in the Repair of Damaged Phagosomes/Endolysosomes.

Mouse guanylate-binding proteins (mGBPs) are recruited to various invasive pathogens, thereby conferring cell-autonomous immunity against these pathogens. However, whether and how human GBPs (hGBPs) target (Mtb) and (Lm) remains unclear. Here, we describe hGBPs association with intracellular Mtb and Lm, which was dependent on the ability of bacteria to induce disruption of phagosomal membranes.

Shaoyao Gancao Decoction protects against dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis by down-regulating ferroptosis.

Objectives: Shaoyao Gancao Decoction (SGD) is a well-known Chinese herbal prescription used to treat ulcerative colitis (UC). This study was designed to evaluate the effect of SGD in dextran sulfate sodium-induced UC and to reveal the potential mechanism.

Methods: A UC mouse model was established by the administration of dextran sulfate sodium.

Targeting pyroptosis as a preventive and therapeutic approach for stroke.

Stroke has caused tremendous social stress worldwide, yet despite decades of research and development of new stroke drugs, most have failed and rt-PA (Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator) is still the accepted treatment for ischemic stroke. the complexity of the stroke mechanism has led to unsatisfactory efficacy of most drugs in clinical trials, indicating that there are still many gaps in our understanding of stroke. Pyroptosis is a programmed cell death (PCD) with inflammatory properties and are thought to be closely associated with stroke.