Recent advances in green multi-component reactions for heterocyclic compound construction.

Multi-component reactions (MCRs) are processes in which three or more reactants are introduced into one pot to obtain the final product with high atom efficiency, and in recent years, these have become a key strategy for advancing more sustainable processes in modern synthetic communities and the pharmaceutical industry. Meanwhile, minimizing the use of solvents, catalysts, time, reagents, and waste is essential during green chemical synthesis to reduce cost and environmental impact. Heterocycles are ubiquitous and have thus prompted the development of numerous methods for their synthesis.

Impacts of lateral conductive heat flow on ground temperature and implications for permafrost modeling.

Permafrost ground temperature and its spatial distribution are usually calculated using one-dimensional models based on heat flow in the vertical direction. Here, we theoretically calculated the impacts of lateral conductive heat flow on ground temperature under equilibrium and transient conditions. The results show that lateral heat flow has strong impacts on ground temperature, especially in deep ground.

A Novel Combination Strategy of Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Radiofrequency Ablation and Corticosteroid Injection for Treating Recalcitrant Plantar Fasciitis: A Retrospective Comparison Study.

Introduction: The best treatment yielding clinical benefits was still equivocal and controversial for the treatment of recalcitrant plantar fasciitis (PF). This study aimed to propose a novel combination strategy of ultrasound-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and corticosteroid injection (CI) for recalcitrant PF, and to compare its therapeutic effects with CI alone and continued conservative management.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed consecutive patients with recalcitrant PF who underwent combined strategy (RFA + CI), CI alone, and continue conservative treatment at our institution between October 2021 and February 2023.

Changes in the Lateral Acromion Angle in Rotator Cuff Tear Patients with Acromioplasty.

Background: Arthroscopic surgery has been established as an efficacious intervention for the treatment of rotator cuff tears. The primary aim of this study was to analyze the modifications in the lateral acromial angle (LAA) subsequent to rotator cuff repair surgery using single-row rivet fixation and double-row rivet fixation techniques. Furthermore, we sought to investigate the influence of LAA on the prognosis of rotator cuff repair surgery.

Clinical effectiveness of suture anchor repair combined with open reduction and internal fixation in the treatment of deltoid ligament rupture in ankle fracture.

Objective: To explore the clinical effectiveness of suture anchor (SA) repair combined with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) in the treatment of deltoid ligament rupture (DLR) in ankle fractures.

Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of 210 patients with DLR in ankle fracture who were treated in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital from January 2020 to June 2022. According to the surgical records, 125 patients received SA repair combined with ORIF (Repair group) and 85 patients received ORIF only (Non-repair group).

Electrochemically Enabled Direct C3-Formylation of Imidazopyridines with Me N as a Carbonyl Source.

A metal-free and oxidant-free electrochemically enabled strategy for C-3 formylation of imidazopyridines using trimethylamine as a one-carbon source has been established. This conversion has high functional group compatibility under mild conditions and ensures late-stage functionalization of pharmaceutical molecules. Furthermore, unexpected hexafluoroisopropoxylation products have been observed in some cases.

Organocatalyzed Visible Light-Mediated -Borosilylcyclopropanation.

The borosilylcyclopropanation of styrene derivatives using a (diiodo(trimethylsilyl)methyl)boronic ester carbene precursor is reported herein. The key reagent was synthesized in a 4-step sequence using inexpensive and commercially available starting materials. This method enabled the preparation of novel 1,1,2-tri- and 1,1,2,2-tetrasubstituted borosilylcyclopropanes up to excellent yields and diastereoselectivity.

Engagement Mediates the Relationship Between Emotion and Achievement of Chinese EFL Learners.

Since the coming of Positive Psychology in the field of second language acquisition (SLA), the significance of emotion, especially positive emotion, has been well recognized by researchers. Educational research has indicated that both emotion and engagement play fundamental roles in learning process and psychological wellbeing, but research on their relationship is scant in SLA. The present study contributed to the development of Positive Psychology in SLA by investigating the relationships between achievement emotions, behavioral engagement, and self-reported English achievements.

The effects of smoking on clinical and structural outcomes after rotator cuff repair: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Several factors have been reported to adversely affect clinical and structural outcomes after rotator cuff repair (RCR). However, the effects of smoking on rotator cuff healing and clinical outcomes remain controversial. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical and structural outcomes after RCR between smokers and nonsmokers.

La(OTf) facilitated self-condensation of 2-indolylmethanol: construction of highly substituted indeno[1,2-]indoles.

The Lewis acid-promoted self-condensation of 2-indolylmethanols has been revealed. On treatment with La(OTf), highly substituted indeno[1,2-]indole derivatives have been synthesized by using easily accessible 2-indolylmethanols with up to 94% yields. The utility of this method is further highlighted by evaluating the initial photophysical properties of some prepared products, indicating that the protocol may have potential applications in the construction of novel fluorescent materials.

Reconstruction of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Using Ruler-Assisted Positioning of the Femoral Tunnel Relative to the Posterior Apex of the Deep Cartilage: A Single-Center Case Series.

The techniques available to locate the femoral tunnel during anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction have notable limitations. To evaluate whether the femoral tunnel center could be located intraoperatively with a ruler, using the posterior apex of the deep cartilage (ADC) as a landmark. This retrospective case series included consecutive patients with ACL rupture who underwent arthroscopic single-bundle ACL reconstruction at the Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Tongren Hospital between January 2014 and May 2018.

Direct Oxidation of Aryl Malononitriles Enabling a Copper-Catalyzed Intermolecular Alkene Carbochlorination.

A copper-catalyzed carbochlorination of alkenes with aryl malononitriles and chloride is disclosed. This net oxidative transformation proceeds with activated and unactivated alkenes with moderate to excellent yields. Mechanism experiments suggest addition of the malononitrile radical to form a secondary carbon radical which is intercepted by a chloride source.

Artificial Intelligence Image-Assisted Knee Ligament Trauma Repair Efficacy Analysis and Postoperative Femoral Nerve Block Analgesia Effect Research.

Objective: To analyze artificial intelligence image-assisted knee ligament injury repair and femoral nerve block analgesia after surgery.

Methods: Data-driven and artificial intelligence methods were adopted to systematically study magnetic resonance imaging image reconstruction, processing, and analysis. First, knee ligament reconstruction and femoral arteriography images were studied.

Enoxolone suppresses apoptosis in chondrocytes and progression of osteoarthritis via modulating the ERK1/2 signaling pathway.

Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is an inflammatory disorder of synovial joints which is mainly treated with therapeutic agents showing side effects associated with the gastrointestinal (GI) and metabolic system. Consequently, there is urgent need for a potent, safe and novel agent for treating OA and related disorders. Enoxolone is a pentacyclic triterpenoid obtained from the herb liquorice.

Cyanomethylation of Substituted Fluorenes and Oxindoles with Alkyl Nitriles.

The first example of metal-free cyanomethylenation from alkyl nitriles of sp C-H bonds to afford quaternary carbon centers is described. This oxidative protocol is operationally simple and features good functional group compatibility. This method provides a novel approach to highly functionalized fluorene and oxindole derivatives, which are commonly used in material and pharmaceutical areas.

Palladium-Catalyzed Chemoselective Activation of sp vs sp C-H Bonds: Oxidative Coupling To Form Quaternary Centers.

The oxidative activation of alkyl C-H bonds vs arene C-H bonds with Pd(OAc) has been found to be generalizable to a number of nucleophilic substrates allowing the formation of a range of hindered quaternary centers. The substrates share a common mechanistic path wherein Pd(II) initiates an oxidative dimerization. The resultant dimer modifies the palladium catalyst to favor activation of alkyl C-H bonds in contrast to the trends typically observed via a concerted metalation deprotonation mechanism.

Bacterial compositions in inhalable particulate matters from indoor and outdoor wastewater treatment processes.

Wastewater treatment systems are critical microbial sources for urban air and play important roles in public health. In this study, bacterial communities in particulate matters (PM2.5, PM10) from wastewater/sludge treatment facilities of two full-scale wastewater treatment plants were analyzed by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing.

A Sc(OTf) catalyzed dehydrogenative reaction of electron-rich (hetero)aryl nucleophiles with 9-aryl-fluoren-9-ols.

A highly efficient dehydrogenative reaction of a series of nucleophiles with 9-aryl-fluoren-9-ols has been realized by using only 2 mol% of Sc(OTf) as a catalyst. The corresponding indole-containing 9,9-diarylfluorenes were obtained in up to 99% yield as well as other electron-rich (hetero)arene adducts. The protocol exhibits high selectivity, mild reaction conditions and good substrate compatibility (32 examples).

C(sp)-H hydroxylation of fluorenes, oxindoles and benzofuranones with a Mg(NO)-HP(O)Ph oxidation system.

A novel oxidation system in which magnesium nitrate [Mg(NO)] is used as an oxidant in the presence of diphe-nylphosphine oxide [HP(O)Ph] permits the C(sp)-H hydroxylation of fluorenes, oxindoles, and benzofuranones. This method features high efficiency, good functional group tolerance, and operational simplicity. The synthetic utility is highlighted by further transformations to valuable organic materials.

Lewis Acid-Controlled Regioselective Phosphorylation of 2-Indolylmethanols with Diarylphosphine Oxides: Synthesis of Highly Substituted Indoles.

The Lewis acid-promoted phosphorylation of 2-indolylmethanols with diarylphosphine oxides is described. The regioselectivity of the reaction can be modulated by the choice of rare earth metal Lewis acid, offering a highly selective approach to structurally diverse indole derivatives in up to 97% yield for over 50 examples. This strategy features high selectivity, good functional group tolerance, and easy scalability.

Minocycline improves cardiac function after myocardial infarction in rats by inhibiting activation of PARP-1.

To investigate whether Minocycline can protect myocardial cells after myocardial infarction and improve myocardial remodeling through inhibiting PARP-1 activity, thus improving cardiac function. 50 male Wistar rats aged 4 months were used to establish the myocardial infarction model. The experimental rats underwent the echocardiography at 3d, 14d and 28d after operation.

AlCl catalyzed coupling of N-benzylic sulfonamides with 2-substituted cyanoacetates through carbon-nitrogen bond cleavage.

A new cross-coupling reaction of N-benzylic sulfonamides with 2-substituted cyanoacetates for the synthesis of 2-substituted benzylbenzene was reported. In the presence of AlCl, a broad range of N-benzylic sulfonamides reacted smoothly with 2-substituted cyanoacetates to afford structurally diverse benzylbenzenes in moderate to excellent yields. The conversion could be enlarged to gram-scale efficiently.

Stiffness of the locking compression plate as an external fixator for treating distal tibial fractures: a biomechanics study.

Background: Locking compress plate, as external fixator, is an attractive technique for distal tibial fracture treatment. But it still remains unclear whether the external LCP has sufficient stiffness. Thus, the present study aims to make a comprehensive evaluation of the stiffness of external locking compress plate when it is used as an external fixator in distal tibial fractures treatment.

Evaluation of genotoxic effects of surface waters using a battery of bioassays indicating different mode of action.

With the burgeoning contamination of surface waters threatening human health, the genotoxic effects of surface waters have received much attention. Because mutagenic and carcinogenic compounds in water cause tumors by different mechanisms, a battery of bioassays that each indicate a different mode of action (MOA) is required to evaluate the genotoxic effects of contaminants in water samples. In this study, 15 water samples from two source water reservoirs and surrounding rivers in Shijiazhuang city of China were evaluated for genotoxic effects.