Secretagogin Is Highly Expressed in Enteroendocrine K Cells and Plays a Critical Role in Nutrient-Induced GIP Secretion.

Context: Incretin hormones, primarily composed of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), are secreted by enteroendocrine cells (EECs) and play crucial roles in maintaining blood glucose homeostasis. Notably, GIP accounts for two-thirds of the entire incretin effect. However, the secretion and function of GIP are impaired in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and the regulatory mechanisms governing GIP secretion remain unclear.

Refined Kerr-effect-based high-dimensional quantum gate.

High-dimensional quantum gates not only extend the existing quantum computing framework but also serve as a vital component in a range of quantum technologies. In the study, a 4 × 4-dimensional controlled-NOT (CNOT) gate is presented based on the assistance of a weak cross-Kerr medium, utilizing only two degrees of freedom (DoFs) with two photons. Specifically, the control qudits are encoded in the photonic polarization DoF, while the target qudits are encoded in the path DoF of the two photons.

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and contrast-induced nephropathy risk: a meta-analysis.

Background: Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is an adverse renal event that occurs following the administration of contrast media for diagnostic procedures or therapeutic angiographic intervention. Nevertheless, there is currently no efficacious and safe agents for the treatment of CIN, except for hydration. We aimed to conduct a meta-analysis to verify the potential nephroprotective role of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) in the prevention of CIN.

Gentiopicroside: An Updated Review of Its Pharmacological Activities and Mechanisms.

Gentiopicroside (GPS) is a bioactive iridoid glycoside isolated from Gentianaceae plants. In recent years, GPS has received increasing attention due to its multiple pharmacological activities. This review encapsulates the botanical origin, pharmacological activity, toxicity, and underlying mechanisms of GPS in the treatment of various diseases.

Anti-atherosclerotic effect of incretin receptor agonists.

Incretin receptor agonists (IRAs), primarily composed of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor agonists (GIPRAs), work by mimicking the actions of the endogenous incretin hormones in the body. GLP-1RAs have been approved for use as monotherapy and in combination with GIPRAs for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In addition to their role in glucose regulation, IRAs have demonstrated various benefits such as cardiovascular protection, obesity management, and regulation of bone turnover.

Drp1 Promotes Macrophage M1 Polarization and Inflammatory Response in Autoimmune Myocarditis by Driving Mitochondrial Fission.

Autoimmune myocarditis (AM) is characterized by an intricate inflammatory response within the myocardium. Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), a pivotal modulator of mitochondrial fission, plays a role in the pathogenesis of various diseases. A myosin-induced experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) mouse model was successfully established.

Isolation of Antagonistic Endophytic Fungi from Postharvest Chestnuts and Their Biocontrol on Host Fungal Pathogens.

In this study, antagonistic endophytic fungi were isolated from postharvest chestnut fruits; endophytic antagonistic fungi and their combination of inhibitory effects on the fungal pathogen were evaluated. A total of 612 endophytic fungi were isolated from 300 healthy chestnut kernels, and 6 strains out of them including NS-3, NS-11, NS-38, NS-43, NS-56, and NS-58 were confirmed as antagonistic endophytic fungi against ; these were separately identified as , , , , and . Some mixed antagonistic endophytic fungi, such as NS-3-38, NS-11-38, NS-43-56, and NS-56-58-38, exhibited a much stronger antifungal activity against than that applied individually.

Characterizing and decoding the key odor compounds of Spirulina platensis at different processing stages by sensomics.

Processing is an indispensable technology in the preparation of Spirulina platensis (S. platensis). The key odorants in liquids, muds, and powders from S.

A comprehensive single-cell RNA transcriptomic analysis identifies a unique SPP1+ macrophages subgroup in aging skeletal muscle.

Senescence of skeletal muscle (SkM) has been a primary contributor to senior weakness and disability in recent years. The gradually declining SkM function associated with senescence has recently been connected to an imbalance between damage and repair. Macrophages (Mac) are involved in SkM aging, and different macrophage subgroups hold different biological functions.

The downregulation of SCGN induced by lipotoxicity promotes NLRP3-mediated β-cell pyroptosis.

Lipotoxicity is a well-established phenomenon that could exacerbate damage to islet β-cells and play a significant role in the development of type 2 diabetes, the underlying mechanisms of which, however, remain unclear. In lipotoxic conditions, secretagogin (SCGN), an EF-hand calcium-binding protein abundantly expressed in islets, is found to undergo downregulation. In light of this, we aim to explore the role of SCGN in lipotoxicity-induced β-cell injury.

Characterizing and decoding the key odor-active compounds in fresh, pasteurized, and high pressure processing sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) juice.

The non-thermal and thermal effects on aroma of sea buckthorn juice have rarely been investigated. In this study, 57 odor compounds were identified in fresh sea buckthorn juice (FSBJ), high pressure processing sea buckthorn juice (HSBJ), and pasteurized sea buckthorn juice (PSBJ), including 29 esters, 8 aldehydes, 1 ketone, 5 alcohols, 5 acids, 6 terpenoids, and 3 others. Ethyl 2-methylbutanoate, ethyl 3-methylbutanoate, ethyl hexanoate, and ethyl 2-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate with flavor dilution factors ranging from 729 to 59,049 contributed to the fruity odors of FSBJ and HSBJ.

Purification and characterization of limonin D-ring lactone hydrolase from sweet orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) seeds.

Background: Citrus products often suffer from delayed bitterness, which is generated from the conversion of non-bitter precursors (limonoate A-ring lactone, LARL) to limonin under the catalysis of limonin D-ring lactone hydrolase (LDLH). In this study, LDLH was isolated and purified from sweet orange seeds, and a rapid and accurate high-performance liquid chromatography method to quantify LARL was developed and applied to analyze the activity and enzymatic properties of purified LDLH.

Results: Purified LDLH (25.

Ji-Ni-De-Xie ameliorates type 2 diabetes mellitus by modulating the bile acids metabolism and FXR/FGF15 signaling pathway.

Ji-Ni-De-Xie (JNDX) is a traditional herbal preparation in China. It is widely used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in traditional Tibetan medicine system. However, its antidiabetic mechanisms have not been elucidated.

A Co-Localization Algorithm for Underwater Moving Targets with an Unknown Constant Signal Propagation Speed and Platform Errors.

Underwater mobile acoustic source target localization encounters several challenges, including the unknown propagation speed of the source signal, uncertainty in the observation platform's position and velocity (i.e., platform systematic errors), and economic costs.

A review of lactate-lactylation in malignancy: its potential in immunotherapy.

Lactic acid was formerly regarded as a byproduct of metabolism. However, extensive investigations into the intricacies of cancer development have revealed its significant contributions to tumor growth, migration, and invasion. Post-translational modifications involving lactate have been widely observed in histone and non-histone proteins, and these modifications play a crucial role in regulating gene expression by covalently attaching lactoyl groups to lysine residues in proteins.

TAK1 in Vascular Signaling: "Friend or Foe"?

The maintenance of normal vascular function and homeostasis is largely dependent on the signaling mechanisms that occur within and between cells of the vasculature. TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), a multifaceted signaling molecule, has been shown to play critical roles in various tissue types. Although the precise function of TAK1 in the vasculature remains largely unknown, emerging evidence suggests its potential involvement in both physiological and pathological processes.

Field physical model tests on the mechanism of river blocking by debris flow in the middle reaches of the Dadu River, Southwest China.

Debris flow is a typical natural disaster in the middle reaches of the Dadu River, Southwest China. Field physical model tests were conducted to reveal the mechanism of river blocking by debris flow in the middle reaches of the Dadu River. The dynamic processes of riHver blocking by debris flows were revealed, and based on which three typical river-blocking modes of debris flow are observed, i.