Achieving mainstream nitrogen removal by partial nitrification and anammox in the carriers-coupled membrane aerated biofilm reactor.

The integration of partial nitrification-anammox (PN/A) into membrane-aerated biofilm reactor (MABR) is a promisingly energy-efficient and high-efficiency technology for nitrogen removal. The inhibition of nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) remains as the most significant challenge for its development. In our investigation, we proposed a novel process to integrate carriers to MABR (CMABR), which combined the carriers enriched with anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB) and partial nitrifying MABR system.

China-made robot-assisted unicompartmental knee arthroplasty can enhance the precision of prosthesis placement and yield better short-term efficacy.

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess whether China-made robot-assisted medial UKA can improve prosthesis placement accuracy and yield superior short-term outcomes compared with conventional UKA.

Methods: 50 patients who underwent initial medial UKA were included in this single-center, prospective, parallel, randomized, controlled trial. Preoperatively, patients were randomly categorized the robot-assisted UKA group and conventional UKA group.

Safety and Efficiency of Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Inhibitors in Patients with Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: To investigate the safety and efficiency of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors in patients with diabetic kidney disease.

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature search across multiple databases, including Embase, PubMed, CNKI, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, from inception to January 2024. The search focused on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that directly compared DPP-4 inhibitors with placebos or other glucose-lowering therapies.

Reparative homing of bone mesenchymal stem cells induced by iMSCs via the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis for articular cartilage defect restoration.

Background: The intrinsic healing ability of articular cartilage is poor after injury or illness, and untreated injury could lead to cartilage degeneration and ultimately osteoarthritis. iMSCs are derived from embryonic induced pluripotent stem cells and have strong therapeutic capabilities in the repair of cartilage defects, while the mechanism of action is unclear. The aim of this study is to clarify the repair mode of iMSCs on cartilage defects in rat knee joints, elucidate the chemotactic effect of iMSCs on autologous BMSCs in rats, and provide a basis for the treatment of cartilage defects and endogenous regeneration with iMSCs.

A Plantar Pressure Detection and Gait Analysis System Based on Flexible Triboelectric Pressure Sensor Array and Deep Learning.

Gait detection is essential for the assessment of human health status and early diagnosis of diseases. The current gait analysis systems are bulky, limited in the scope of use, and cause interference with the movement of the measured person. Hence, it is necessary to develop a wearable gait detection system that is soft, breathable, lightweight, and self-powered.

The role of short-chain fatty acids in cancer prevention and cancer treatment.

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are microbial metabolites in the gut that may play a role in cancer prevention and treatment. They affect the metabolism of both normal and cancer cells, regulating various cellular energetic processes. SCFAs also inhibit histone deacetylases, which are targets for cancer therapy.

Deferoxamine alleviates ferroptosis in seawater immersion combined with traumatic brain injury.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability worldwide, with its severity potentially exacerbated by seawater immersion. Ferroptosis, a form of regulated cell death driven by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, has been implicated in TBI pathogenesis. However, the specific occurrence and underlying mechanisms of ferroptosis in the context of TBI compounded by seawater immersion remain unclear.

Composite Polysaccharide Hydrogel Loaded with Extract for Diabetic Wound Treatment.

Diabetic wounds present significant burdens to both patients and the healthcare system due to their prolonged inflammatory phase and adverse microenvironment. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), particularly extract (SE), has shown promise in wound healing. Herein, sesbania gum (SG) was oxidized and formed hydrogel with carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) through the imine bond.

High performance filtering and high-sensitivity concentration retrieval of methane in photoacoustic spectroscopy utilizing deep learning residual networks.

A novel method is introduced to improve the detection performance of photoacoustic spectroscopy for trace gas detection. For effectively suppressing various types of noise, this method integrates photoacoustic spectroscopy with residual networks model which encompasses a total of 40 weighted layers. Firstly, this approach was employed to accurately retrieve methane concentrations at various levels.

Research on Spatiotemporal Continuous Information Perception of Overburden Compression-Tensile Strain Transition Zone during Mining and Integrated Safety Guarantee System.

The mining of deep underground coal seams induces the movement, failure, and collapse of the overlying rock-soil body, and the development of this damaging effect on the surface causes ground fissures and ground subsidence on the surface. To ensure safety throughout the life cycle of the mine, fully distributed, real-time, and continuous sensing and early warning is essential. However, due to mining being a dynamic process with time and space, the overburden movement and collapse induced by mining activities often have a time lag effect.

Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Amino Acids Enabled by Quaternized Pyridinium Salt MALDI Probe.

The distribution of small biomolecules, particularly amino acids (AAs), differs between normal cells and cancer cells. Imaging this distribution is crucial for gaining a deeper understanding of their physiological and pathological significance. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI MSI) provides accurate visualization information.

Pancreatitis and Pancreatic Cancer Risk Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Receiving Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors: An Updated Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Purpose: This meta-analysis sought to assess the relationship between dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4) and the risk of pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer by synthesizing data from randomized, controlled trials, in light of the conflicting findings from observational studies and previous meta-analyses.

Methods: Cochrane, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov, and PubMed databases that compared the use of DPP-4 inhibitors and that reported pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer events in patients with diabetes mellitus Type 2 (T2DM) were searched using specific terms.

Advances in the selection and timing of postoperative radioiodine treatment in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is the most common endocrine malignancy. Patients who receive systematic care typically have a better prognosis. RAI treatment plays a key role in eradicating any remaining thyroid lesions in DTC patients, hence decreasing the risk of distant metastases and cancer recurrence.

CRABP2 promotes cell migration and invasion by activating PI3K/AKT and MAPK signalling pathways via upregulating LAMB3 in prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer (PCa) has become a worldwide health burden among men. Previous studies have suggested that cellular retinoic acid binding protein 2 (CRABP2) significantly affects the regulation of cell proliferation, motility and apoptosis in multiple cancers; however, the effect of CRABP2 on PCa is poorly reported. CRABP2 expression in different PCa cell lines and its effect on different cellular functions varied.

Fighting against biofilm: The antifouling and antimicrobial material.

Biofilms are groups of microorganisms protected by self-secreted extracellular substances. Biofilm formation on the surface of biomaterial or engineering materials becomes a severe challenge. It has caused significant health, environmental, and societal concerns.

Drug-eluting contact lenses: Progress, challenges, and prospects.

Topical ophthalmic solutions (eye drops) are becoming increasingly popular in treating and preventing ocular diseases for their safety, noninvasiveness, and ease of handling. However, the static and dynamic barriers of eyes cause the extremely low bioavailability (<5%) of eye drops, making ocular therapy challenging. Thus, drug-eluting corneal contact lenses (DECLs) have been intensively investigated as a drug delivery device for their attractive properties, such as sustained drug release and improved bioavailability.