Cervical Cancer Classification From Pap Smear Images Using Deep Convolutional Neural Network Models.

As one of the most common female cancers, cervical cancer often develops years after a prolonged and reversible pre-cancerous stage. Traditional classification algorithms used for detection of cervical cancer often require cell segmentation and feature extraction techniques, while convolutional neural network (CNN) models demand a large dataset to mitigate over-fitting and poor generalization problems. To this end, this study aims to develop deep learning models for automated cervical cancer detection that do not rely on segmentation methods or custom features.

Einstein exponential operation laws of spherical fuzzy sets and aggregation operators in decision making.

The spherical fuzzy set (SFS) model is one of the newly developed extensions of fuzzy sets (FS) for the purpose of dealing with uncertainty or vagueness in decision making. The aim of this paper is to define new exponential and Einstein exponential operational laws for spherical fuzzy sets and their corresponding aggregation operators. We introduce the operational laws for exponential and Einstein exponential SFSs in which the base values are crisp numbers and the exponents (weights) are spherical fuzzy numbers.

VIKOR and TOPSIS framework with a truthful-distance measure for the (, )-regulated interval-valued neutrosophic soft set.

This article introduces the structure of the -regulated interval-valued neutrosophic soft set (abbr. -INSS). The structure of -INSS is shown to be capable of handling the sheer heterogeneity and complexity of real-life situations, i.

Generalized Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered model and its contributing factors for analysing the death and recovery rates of the COVID-19 pandemic.

COVID-19 is a highly contagious disease that has infected over 136 million people worldwide with over 2.9 million deaths as of 11 April 2021. In March 2020, the WHO declared COVID-19 as a pandemic and countries began to implement measures to control the spread of the virus.

Developments in the detection of diabetic retinopathy: a state-of-the-art review of computer-aided diagnosis and machine learning methods.

Unlabelled: The exponential increase in the number of diabetics around the world has led to an equally large increase in the number of diabetic retinopathy (DR) cases which is one of the major complications caused by diabetes. Left unattended, DR worsens the vision and would lead to partial or complete blindness. As the number of diabetics continue to increase exponentially in the coming years, the number of qualified ophthalmologists need to increase in tandem in order to meet the demand for screening of the growing number of diabetic patients.

Vague Entropy Measure for Complex Vague Soft Sets.

The complex vague soft set (CVSS) model is a hybrid of complex fuzzy sets and soft sets that have the ability to accurately represent and model two-dimensional information for real-life phenomena that are periodic in nature. In the existing studies of fuzzy and its extensions, the uncertainties which are present in the data are handled with the help of membership degree which is the subset of real numbers. However, in the present work, this condition has been relaxed with the degrees whose ranges are a subset of the complex subset with unit disc and hence handle the information in a better way.

Algebraic Hyperstructures of Vague Soft Sets Associated with Hyperrings and Hyperideals.

We apply the classical theory of hyperrings to vague soft sets to derive the concepts of vague soft hyperrings, vague soft hyperideals, and vague soft hyperring homomorphism. The properties and structural characteristics of these concepts are also studied and discussed. Furthermore, the relationship between the concepts introduced here and the corresponding concepts in classical hyperring theory and soft hyperring theory is studied and investigated.