International multicenter validation of AI-driven ultrasound detection of ovarian cancer.

Ovarian lesions are common and often incidentally detected. A critical shortage of expert ultrasound examiners has raised concerns of unnecessary interventions and delayed cancer diagnoses. Deep learning has shown promising results in the detection of ovarian cancer in ultrasound images; however, external validation is lacking.

A vein bypass first versus a best endovascular treatment first revascularisation strategy for patients with chronic limb threatening ischaemia who required an infra-popliteal, with or without an additional more proximal infra-inguinal revascularisation procedure to restore limb perfusion (BASIL-2): an open-label, randomised, multicentre, phase 3 trial.

Background: Chronic limb-threatening ischaemia is the severest manifestation of peripheral arterial disease and presents with ischaemic pain at rest or tissue loss (ulceration, gangrene, or both), or both. We compared the effectiveness of a vein bypass first with a best endovascular treatment first revascularisation strategy in terms of preventing major amputation and death in patients with chronic limb threatening ischaemia who required an infra-popliteal, with or without an additional more proximal infra-inguinal, revascularisation procedure to restore limb perfusion.

Methods: Bypass versus Angioplasty for Severe Ischaemia of the Leg (BASIL)-2 was an open-label, pragmatic, multicentre, phase 3, randomised trial done at 41 vascular surgery units in the UK (n=39), Sweden (n=1), and Denmark (n=1).

Late endovascular coil migration following traumatic pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm embolization: case report.

Background: Percutaneous vascular interventions are performed for the treatment of haemoptysis and involve embolization of bronchial arteries, pulmonary arteries and pulmonary arteriovenous malformations. There are isolated reports of embolization of pseudoaneurysms forming in the pulmonary vasculature. The migration of components of the coils used in the embolization of vascular pulmonary pathologies is rare.

Generalizable Data-Free Objective for Crafting Universal Adversarial Perturbations.

Machine learning models are susceptible to adversarial perturbations: small changes to input that can cause large changes in output. It is also demonstrated that there exist input-agnostic perturbations, called universal adversarial perturbations, which can change the inference of target model on most of the data samples. However, existing methods to craft universal perturbations are (i) task specific, (ii) require samples from the training data distribution, and (iii) perform complex optimizations.

Development and Administration of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media Questionnaire-12 (COMQ-12) and Chronic Otitis Media Outcome Test-15 (COMOT-15) in Kannada.

 It is essential to determine the quality of life among individuals with chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM). However, there is limited literature on health-related quality of life measurements in Kannada-speaking individuals with CSOM.  The present study attempted to translate and validate Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media Questionnaire-12 (COMQ-12) and Chronic Otitis Media Outcome Test-15 (COMOT-15) in Kannada.

Renal denervation using carbon dioxide renal angiography in patients with uncontrolled hypertension and moderate to severe chronic kidney disease.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the most common cause of secondary hypertension. More than half of the patients have uncontrolled hypertension (≥140/90 mmHg on three or more antihypertensive agents at optimum doses). Renal sympathetic denervation (RSDN) has been shown to reduce blood pressure (BP) in patients with resistant hypertension.

The use of carbon dioxide angiography for renal sympathetic denervation: a technical report.

Objective: Hypertension is the leading attributable cause of cardiovascular mortality worldwide. Patients with hypertension have multiple comorbidities including high rates of concomitant renal disease. Current pharmacological approaches are inadequate in the treatment of resistant hypertension.

In vitro and In vivo Antioxidant Activity of Flavonoid Extracted from Mulberry Fruit (Morus alba L.).

Background: Many plants possess antioxidants that exhibit additive or synergistic activities.

Objective: In this study, an ethanol-extracted flavonoid extracted from mulberry fruit (FEM) was evaluated for the antioxidant activity in vitro and the hemolysis in red blood cell (RBC) and lipid peroxidation in liver in vivo.

Materials And Methods: Antioxidant activities in vitro were measured by quantifying its 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity, reducing power, and Fe(2+)-chelating ability.

The prevalence and significance of thoracic findings in patients undergoing extended coverage computed tomography for assessment of abdominal aortic aneurysms.

Objective: Many major vascular centres, including ours, incorporate coverage of the thoracic aorta in CT scans evaluating abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) (extended coverage contrast-enhanced CT (EC-CECT) scan]. We sought to determine the prevalence of thoracic pathology in a large consecutive series of patients with AAA undergoing EC-CECT.

Methods: All patients who underwent EC-CECT for AAA between April 2013 and 2014 were identified from our radiology information system.

Pyloro-duodenal hernia with formation of enterocutaneous fistula in a buffalo calf following a dog attack.

A body wall hernia entrapping abomasum and concurrent duodenal fistula in a buffalo calf aged about 8 months, secondary to a dog bite was successfully treated by closure of fistulous orifice and ventro lateral herniorrhaphy.

Multi-detector CT assessment in pulmonary hypertension: techniques, systematic approach to interpretation and key findings.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) may be suspected based on the clinical history, physical examination and electrocardiogram findings but imaging is usually central to confirming the diagnosis, establishing a cause and guiding therapy. The diagnostic pathway of PAH involves a variety of complimentary investigations of which computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) has established a central role both in helping identify an underlying cause for PAH and assessing resulting functional compromise. In particular CTPA is considered as the gold standard technique for the diagnosis of thromboembolic disease.

MRI assessment of cardiac tumours: part 2, spectrum of appearances of histologically malignant lesions and tumour mimics.

Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the reference standard technique for assessment and characterization of a suspected cardiac tumour. It provides an unrestricted field of view, high temporal resolution and non-invasive tissue characterization based on multi-parametric assessment of the chemical micro-environment. Sarcomas account for around 95% of all primary malignant cardiac tumours with lymphoma, and primary pericardial mesothelioma making up most of the remainder of cases.

MRI assessment of cardiac tumours: part 1, multiparametric imaging protocols and spectrum of appearances of histologically benign lesions.

Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the reference standard technique for assessment and characterization of a suspected cardiac tumour. It provides an unrestricted field of view, high temporal resolution and non-invasive tissue characterization based on multi-parametric assessment of the chemical micro-environment. MRI exploits differences in hydrogen proton density in conjunction with T1 and T2 relaxation properties of different tissues to help differentiation normal from abnormal and benign from malignant lesions.

The role of magnetic resonance imaging in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common inheritable cardiac disorder, with an estimated prevalence of 1:500 in the general population. Most cases of HCM are phenotypically expressed in adolescence or early adulthood but age-related penetrance with certain phenotypes is increasingly recognized. Clinical manifestations of HCM are usually the result of systolic and/or diastolic dysfunction, left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction, arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death (SCD).

A comparative analysis of ECG-gated steady state free precession magnetic resonance imaging versus transthoracic echocardiography for evaluation of aortic root dimensions.

Purpose: Accurate and reproducible measurement of aortic root dimensions is essential to inform clinical decision making. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is the first line test for assessment of the aortic root but has potential limitations due to its limited field of view and restricted acoustic windows. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is considered the "gold standard" technique for assessment of cardiac morphology and recently MRI reference ranges for aortic root dimensions have been published.

Multi-detector CT angiography of the aortic valve-Part 2: disease specific findings.

The aortic valve and adjacent structures should be routinely evaluated on all thoracic cross-sectional imaging studies. Echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are the main imaging techniques used for assessment of the aortic valve and related pathology but multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) can offer valuable complimentary information in some clinical scenarios. MDCT is the definite means of assessing aortic valvular calcification, acute aortic syndrome and for non-invasive assessment of the coronary arteries.

Multi-detector CT angiography of the aortic valve-Part 1: anatomy, technique and systematic approach to interpretation.

The aortic valve and adjacent structures should be routinely evaluated on all thoracic cross-sectional imaging studies. Echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are the main imaging techniques used for assessment of the aortic valve and related pathology but multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) can offer valuable complimentary information in some clinical scenarios. Radiologists should be familiar with the indications, advantages and limitations of MDCT for assessment of the aortic valve.

The emerging role of cardiovascular MRI for risk stratification in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common inheritable cardiovascular disorder. Although many HCM patients remain asymptomatic, sudden death (SD) can occur as the initial manifestation of the disease. It has been hypothesized that myocardial architectural disorganization and scarring represent an unstable electrophysiological substrate that creates susceptibility to malignant ventricular arrhythmias.

Endovascular embolization: review of currently available embolization agents.

Percutaneous vascular embolization is one of the major applications of interventional radiology. A wide variety of embolization agents are currently available for clinical use. The interventional radiologist needs to be up to date with the newer and different types of embolic agents available along with their biopharmaceutical characteristics, strengths, and weaknesses that have been reviewed.

Assessment of right heart dilatation with magnetic resonance imaging and multidetector computed tomography angiography: spectrum of disease findings.

Right heart chamber enlargement can be caused by a diverse and heterogeneous group of conditions with highly varied clinical symptoms and signs. An appreciation of the pathophysiology, causes, and imaging features of right heart enlargement is paramount in recognizing and potentially ameliorating the development of right heart dysfunction or adverse cardiac events. Chest x-ray and transthoracic echocardiography have traditionally been, and still are, the mainstay in initial evaluation of right heart dilatation; however, recent advances in both multidetector computed tomography and cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging now permit a comprehensive assessment of the causes and consequences of right heart dilatation.

Imaging of the aortic valve with MRI and CT angiography.

The aortic valve may be affected by a wide range of congenital and acquired diseases. Echocardiography is the main non-invasive imaging technique for assessing patho-anatomical alterations of the aortic valve and adjacent structures and in many cases is sufficient to establish a diagnosis and/or guide treatment decisions. Recent technological advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) have enabled these techniques to play a complimentary role in certain clinical scenarios and as such can be useful problem-solving tools.