Detection of Costal Cartilage Fractures on CT Images With Computer-aided Detection System for Rib Fractures.

Background/aim: Costal cartilage fractures are associated with poor prognosis in patients with blunt chest trauma. A Computer-Aided Detection (CAD) system for detecting rib fractures has been used in practice, but it is unclear whether this system recognizes costal cartilage fractures. This study investigated whether the CAD system for rib fracture can detect costal cartilage fractures.

Chest Compression-Associated Internal Thoracic Artery Injury During Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: Incidence, Injury Patterns and Efficacy of Transcatheter Arterial Embolization.

Purpose: To investigate the incidence and patterns of chest compression-associated internal thoracic artery injury (CAI) during cardiopulmonary resuscitation and identify the embolization techniques used to treat hemorrhage.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in the patients who underwent transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) for life-threatening hemorrhage caused by CAI at two tertiary care centers between May 2013 and December 2019. Data on background characteristics, imaging findings, embolization and outcomes were collected from the medical records.

Natural History of Unruptured Visceral Artery Aneurysms Due to Segmental Arterial Mediolysis and Efficacy of Transcatheter Arterial Embolization: A Retrospective Multiinstitutional Study in Japan.

The purpose of this study was to clarify the natural history of unruptured visceral artery aneurysms due to segmental arterial mediolysis and the efficacy of transcatheter arterial embolization. Patients with a pathologic or clinical diagnosis of visceral artery aneurysms due to segmental arterial mediolysis between 2005 and 2015 were enrolled. For patients with clinical diagnoses, images were collected and assessed by central radiologic review.

Risk factors of recurrence after postoperative electron beam radiation therapy for keloid: Comparison of long-term local control rate.

Aim: To investigate the new risk factors for keloid recurrence after postoperative electron beam radiotherapy (RT) and evaluate the effectiveness of tranilast in combination with electron beam RT by comparing the local control rate.

Background: Identifying patients at high risk of recurrence after postoperative RT for keloids remains a challenge. Besides, no study examined the effectiveness of tranilast in combination with RT after surgery for the prevention of keloids recurrence.

Stanford type IV venous collateral blood flow following complete chronic occlusion of the superior vena cava in a patient with lung cancer.

In superior vena cava occlusion, multiple collateral pathways develop to maintain venous drainage. Major patterns and pathways of venous collateral blood flow are well described, but rarely in complete chronic superior vena cava occlusion secondary to malignancy. A 59-year-old man with facial and upper extremity edema had a severely compressed superior vena cava at the initial diagnosis of stage IV mediastinal lung adenocarcinoma.

Analyses of size and computed tomography densitometry parameters for prediction of keloid recurrence after postoperative electron beam radiation therapy.

Background: The lesion size is a risk factor for keloid recurrence after postoperative radiotherapy. However, it remains unclear whether the major axis diameter is the most appropriate parameter to evaluate lesion size, because keloids are often irregular in shape. Additionally, no previous study has investigated computed tomography (CT) densitometry parameters of keloids as potential predictors for recurrence after postoperative radiotherapy.

Radiation-induced dermatitis after administration of mogamulizumab for adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma: a multi-institutional retrospective study.

Background: Cutaneous adverse reactions are frequently induced by mogamulizumab. Cases of Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis and severe photosensitivity related to mogamulizumab have been reported. This study investigated whether severe radiation-induced dermatitis occurred in patients undergoing radiotherapy after the administration of mogamulizumab for adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma.

Multiple Re-entry Closures After TEVAR for Ruptured Chronic Post-dissection Thoraco-abdominal Aortic Aneurysm.

Introduction: Although thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) has become a promising treatment for complicated acute type B dissection, its role in treating chronic post-dissection thoraco-abdominal aortic aneurysm (TAA) is still limited owing to persistent retrograde flow into the false lumen (FL) through abdominal or iliac re-entry tears.

Report: A case of chronic post-dissection TAA treatment, in which a dilated descending FL ruptured into the left thorax, is described. The primary entry tear was closed by emergency TEVAR and multiple abdominal re-entries were closed by EVAR.

Local Stent-Based Release of Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Limits Arterial In-Stent Restenosis.

The long-term success of intra-arterial stenting remains limited by in-stent restenosis (ISR). Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) can inhibit smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation and migration and convert SMCs into extracellular matrix (ECM)-synthesizing cells. Here, we evaluate the effects of stent-based delivery of TGF-β1 on ISR in a rabbit model.

Phase I/II multicenter study of transarterial chemoembolization with a cisplatin fine powder and porous gelatin particles for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: Japan Interventional Radiology in Oncology Study Group Study 0401.

Purpose: A multicenter phase I/II study of transarterial chemoembolization with a fine cisplatin powder and gelatin particles (GPs) for multifocal hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was conducted. Primary endpoints were dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) and recommended dose (RD). Secondary endpoints were the incidence and severity of adverse events and tumor response.

[Transcatheter arterial embolization of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: does selective treatment improve outcome?].

Purpose: To evaluate whether selective transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) contributes to preservation of liver function and improves local control and survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Materials And Methods: One hundred patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent single or multiple TAE were retrospectively analyzed. The incidence of deterioration of liver function caused by TAE was compared between patients with Child class A disease and those having Child B/C disease.

Efficient inhibition of in-stent restenosis by controlled stent-based inhibition of elastase: a pilot study.

Purpose: It is proposed that local elastase inhibition could suppress the extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation and subsequent smooth muscle cell migration and limit subsequent in-stent restenosis. This study evaluated the effect of stent-based controlled elastase inhibition on restenosis after stent implantation in a rabbit model.

Materials And Methods: Biodegradable microspheres containing the potent elastase inhibitor alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) were prepared.

Stent-based controlled release of intravascular angiostatin to limit plaque progression and in-stent restenosis.

Purpose: To evaluate the importance of angiogenesis in plaque progression after stent placement, this study examines stent-based controlled delivery of the antiangiogenic agent, angiostatin, in a rabbit model.

Materials And Methods: Controlled release biodegradable microspheres delivering angiostatin or polymer-only microspheres (polylactic-co-glycolic-acid-polyethylene glycol; PLGA/PEG) were loaded in channeled stents, anchored, and deployed in the aorta of adult New Zealand white rabbits (n = 6 animals per group, three each per time point). The stented aortas were harvested at 7 days and 28 days and evaluated for neovascularization, local inflammation, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, and in-stent plaque progression.

In-stent restenosis limitation with stent-based controlled-release nitric oxide: initial results in rabbits.

Purpose: To evaluate effect of controlled stent-based release of an NO donor to limit in-stent restenosis in rabbits.

Materials And Methods: Bioerodable microspheres containing NO donor or biodegradable polymer (polylactide-co-glycolide-polyethylene glycol) were prepared and loaded in channeled stents. Daily concentrations of NO release from NO-containing microspheres were assayed in vitro.

Continuous arterial infusion strategies using implanted ports.

Surgically implanted ports have been used in continuous or repetitive intra-arterial (IA) chemotherapeutic infusions for patients with multiple liver metastases from colorectal cancer. Recently, a percutaneous implantation procedure was developed, facilitating safe and less invasive IA infusions in the treatment of various disease conditions. This article focuses on the interventional techniques for percutaneous implantation of a vascular access device, consisting of an indwelling catheter and an implantable port, to perform IA infusions.

Development of a platform to evaluate and limit in-stent restenosis.

The objective of this work was to develop a platform to evaluate and deliver putative therapeutic agents for in-stent restenosis. Arterial stenting is applied in more than 60% of balloon angioplasties for treating cardiovascular disease. However, stented arteries encounter accelerated rates of restenosis.

Prognosis of aortic intramural hematoma with and without penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer: a clinical and radiological analysis.

Background: Advances in imaging techniques have increased the recognition of aortic intramural hematomas (IMHs) and penetrating atherosclerotic ulcers (PAUs); however, distinction between IMH and PAU remains unclear. We intended to clarify differences between IMH coexisting with PAU and IMH not associated with PAU by comparisons of clinical features, imaging findings, and patient outcome to derive the optimal therapeutic approach.

Methods And Results: We performed a retrospective analysis of 65 symptomatic patients with aortic IMH.

Intraarterial low-dose cisplatin via an indwelling port and concurrent radiotherapy for invasive bladder cancer.

Thirteen patients with invasive bladder cancer who had residual tumor after transurethral resections, were treated with consecutive intraarterial (IA) cisplatin (15 mg/d; total, 150 mg) and concurrent radiation (1.8 Gy/d; total, 30.6 Gy).

Vascular access system for continuous arterial infusion of a protease inhibitor in acute necrotizing pancreatitis.

We used a vascular access system (VAS) for continuous arterial infusion (CAI) of a protease inhibitor in two patients with acute necrotizing pancreatitis. The infusion catheter was placed into the dorsal pancreatic artery in the first patient and into the gastroduodenal artery in the second, via a femoral artery approach. An implantable port was then connected to the catheter and was secured in a subcutaneous pocket prepared in the right lower abdomen.

Transvenous Doppler guidewire sonographic monitoring during treatment of a complex vertebral arteriovenous fistula associated with neurofibromatosis type 1.

A Doppler sonographic guidewire was used to monitor incremental changes in draining vein (DV) flow during endovascular occlusion of a complex vertebral arteriovenous fistula (AVF) in a patient with neurofibromatosis type 1. Transvenous monitoring of average peak velocity (APV) and the maximum-minus-minimum peak velocity (MxPV-MnPV) demonstrated a progression from a highly pulsatile, fast flow before embolization to a nonpulsatile, slow flow indicating a successful occlusion of the AVF (hemodynamic endpoint of treatment). Prior to this, apparent angiographic occlusion of the AVF was thought to signify a successful endpoint; however, persistently elevated values for APV and MxPV-MnPV in the DV signalled the presence of an additional contralateral arterial contribution.

[Usefulness of CO2 US angiography in treating hepatocellular carcinoma].

We evaluated the usefulness of CO2 US angiography in the detectability of and the effectiveness of TAE and/or PEIT for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Twenty-three patients with HCC underwent CO2 angiography during the interventional procedure to treat HCC after examination of CT and conventional US. CO2 US angiography was observed on the US monitor by injecting CO2 microbubbles through a catheter placed in the hepatic artery.

Transvenous hemodynamic assessment of arteriovenous malformations and fistulas. Preliminary clinical experience in Doppler guidewire monitoring of embolotherapy.

Background And Purpose: Transvenous monitoring of blood flow through intracranial vascular malformations was performed with an intravascular Doppler guidewire to assess hemodynamic changes during endovascular embolotherapy.

Methods: Flow velocity was assessed in the intracranial venous sinuses of two patients with arteriovenous malformations and seven patients with dural arteriovenous fistulas. In all cases, the Doppler guidewire was positioned in the dural sinuses coaxially through a 2.