Rosiglitazone preserves islet beta-cell function of adult-onset latent autoimmune diabetes in 3 years follow-up study.

The newly developed insulin sensitizer-thiazolidinediones have the potential to downregulate inflammation and autoimmune response. The objective of this study was to observe the beneficial effects on beta-cell function in the LADA patients treated with rosiglitazone. 54 LADA patients were assigned to oral hypoglycemic agents group (GAD-Ab<175 U/mL and FCP>0.

[Use of ABC typing to redefine subtypes of acute-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus: study of 308 patients].

Objective: To investigate the feasibility of ABC typing to redefine the subtypes of acute-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM).

Methods: Radioligand assay was used to detect glutamic acid decarboxylase-antibody (GAD-Ab) and tyrosine phosphatase autoantibody (IA-2A) in 308 patients with acute-onset type 1 DM. The patients were thus divided into 2 groups: pancreatic islet auto-antibody (demonstrated as A) positive group--positive in GAD-Ab or IA-2A--and pancreatic islet auto-antibody negative group.

[Diagnostic value of protein tyrosine phosphatase-2beta antibody (IA-2betaA) in type 1 diabetes].

Objective: To explore the prevalence and clinical features of protein tyrosine phosphatase-2beta antibody (IA-2betaA) in type 1 diabetes (T1DM).

Methods: Four hundred and one T1DM patients and 200 healthy controls were screened for glutamic acid carboxylase antibody (GADA), islet cell antigen-2 (IA-2A), IA-2betaA by radioligand assay. The clinical features of the patients positive in different antibodies were analyzed.

Metabolic syndrome in adult-onset latent autoimmune diabetes.

Background. Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) is characterized by islet beta-cell loss and absolute insulin deficiency, however, studies in recent years have shown some extent of insulin resistance in LADA patients. In view of insulin resistance being the central pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome (MS), we hypothesized that MS could be found in LADA patients.

[Construction and identification of 2 secreted human GAD65 fragment DNA vaccines].

Objective: To construct and identify 2 secreted human GAD65 fragment DNA vaccines.

Methods: The GAD(190-315), GAD(490-570) cDNA and hIL-2 signal peptide cDNA were linked through overlapping PCR, respectively. The fusion gene was cloned into eukaryotic expression vector pBudCE4.

[Relationship between autoantibodies and HLA-DQ genotypes in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus].

Objective: To explore the relationship between the 3 islet autoantibodies, i.e., glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody (GADA), protein-tyrosine-phosphatase-2 autoantibody (IA-2A), and insulin autoantibody (IAA), and human leukocyte HLA-DQ genotypes in the patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).

[Detection of GAD65 reactive T cells in some Chinese subjects initially diagnosed as with idiopathic type 1 diabetes].

Objective: To demonstrate the existence of islet-associated antigen-specific T cells in some of type 1B patients.

Methods: Peripheral blood samples were obtained from 23 classical type 1 diabetes (Type 1A) patients, 29 type 1B patients, and 16 healthy control subjects. Islet-associated autoantibodies were determined by radioligand assay.

Building a structured monitoring and evaluating system of postmarketing drug use in Shanghai.

In order to understand a drug's full profile in the post-marketing environment, information is needed regarding utilization patterns, beneficial effects, ADRs and economic value. China, the most populated country in the world, has the largest number of people who are taking medications. To begin to appreciate the impact of these medications, a multifunctional evaluation and surveillance system was developed, the Shanghai Drug Monitoring and Evaluative System (SDMES).

[Cross-sectional study of the relation between carboxypeptidase-H antibody and islet beta cell function in patients with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults].

Objective: To explore the relation between carboxypeptidase-H antibody (CPH-Ab) and islet beta cell function in patients with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) and to further confirm the diagnostic value of CPH-Ab for LADA.

Methods: Five hundred and forty-five patients who were initially diagnosed as Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were tested with CPH-Ab and GAD-Ab by radioligand assay (RLA). T2DM patients, according to CPH-Ab and GAD-Ab status, were divided into CPH-Ab(+) group, GAD-Ab(+) group, and Ab(-) group to compare their islet beta cell function [represented by fasting C-peptide (FCP) and 2h postprandial C-peptide (2hCP)].

[Decrease of FOXP3 mRNA in CD4+ T cells in latent autoimmune diabetes in adult].

Objective: To study the percentage of peripheral blood CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells and the expression of FOXP3 mRNA in the patients with latent autoimmune diabetes in adult (LADA).

Methods: Fresh peripheral blood samples were obtained from 60 patients with LADA, 30 patients with type 2 diabetes and 30 age- and sex-matched matched healthy nondiabetic control subjects without diabetic family history. Two-color staining (anti-CD4, anti-CD25, anti-CD3, and anti-CD8) flow cytometric analysis was employed to measure the CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells.

The CD4(+) regulatory T-cells is decreased in adults with latent autoimmune diabetes.

The latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) is a subgroup of type 1 diabetes, which procession of autoimmune destruction of beta-cells was slower than classic type 1 diabetes. To investigate the pathogenesis of LADA, we examined the lymphocyte subsets including the CD4(+)CD25(+) T-cells in 60 LADA patients and 30 patients of type 2 diabetes and 30 healthy individuals by FACS. And we compared the expression of FOXP3 mRNA in CD4(+) T-cell between 10 patients of LADA and 10 matched healthy individuals by real time PCR.

[Changes in serum and urine ceruloplasmin concentrations in type 2 diabetes].

Objective: To determine the changes in serum and urine ceruloplasmin (Cp) concentrations in type 2 diabetes, and to explore its clinical significance.

Methods: Cp concentrations of 57 serum samples were measured by radioimmunoassay and ratenephelometry. In the meantime, the serum and urine Cp concentrations in 110 healthy individuals and 104 type 2 diabetic patients were determined by ratenephelometry.

[Islet beta cell function in latent autoimmune diabetes in adults with islet cell antibodies].

Objective: To explore the predictive value and influence of islet cell antibody (ICA) and glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody (GAD-Ab) for beta cell function in latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) patients.

Methods: Fifty-six patients with initially diagnosed type 2 diabetes (including 10 cases of GAD-Ab-positive alone, 14 ICA-positive alone, 7 GAD-Ab and ICA-positive and 25 GAD-Ab and ICA negative) were followed up every 6 months (except the 2nd year) until the 5th year. Their fasting and postprandial C-peptide and glycemic control were measured.

[Replacement of insulin by fasting C-peptide in modified homeostasis model assessment to evaluate insulin resistance and islet beta cell function].

Objective: To investigate the possibility of using C-peptide to replace insulin in homeostasis model assessment (Homa) to evaluate insulin resistance and islet beta cell function.

Methods: Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed in 21 normal subjects, whose venous blood was drawn before taking glucose and 30, 60, 120 minutes after taking glucose. Insulin and C-peptide were determined with radioimmune assay.

[Improved radioligand assay of insulin autoantibody].

Objective: To establish an improved radioligand assay of insulin autoantibody (IAA) and to investigate the diagnostic role of IAA in type 1 diabetes (T1DM).

Methods: 125I-insulin antigens were mixed with sera samples in the Eppendorf tubes. The immunocomplexes were precipitated with protein A-agarose, then washed with TBST buffer and counted the cpm value using liquid scintillation counter.

[Clinical and immunological characteristics in rapid-onset type 1 diabetes with hyperamylasemia].

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics and different status of islet autoantibodies of rapid-onset type 1 diabetes in China with elevated serum pancreatic enzymes.

Methods: In accordance with the criteria Imagawa reported, 40 cases of acute-onset type 1 diabetics with ketosis or ketoacidosis were selected and 4 fell into the criteria of rapid-onset type 1 diabetes. Compared the clinical characteristics between fulminant (group F, n = 4) and nonfulminant (group NF, n = 36) type 1 diabetics.

Six-year follow-up of pancreatic beta cell function in adults with latent autoimmune diabetes.

Aim: To investigate the characteristics of the progression of islet beta cell function in Chinese latent autoimmune diabetes in adult (LADA) patients with glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody (GAD-Ab) positivity, and to explore the prognostic factors for beta cell function.

Methods: Forty-five LADA patients with GAD-Ab positivity screened from phenotypic type 2 diabetic (T2DM) patients and 45 T2DM patients without GAD-Ab matched as controls were followed-up every 6 mo. Sixteen patients in LADA1 and T2DM1 groups respectively have been followed-up for 6 years, while 29 patients in LADA2 and T2DM2 groups respectively for only 1.

[Diagnostic role of SOX13 antibody in latent autoimmune diabetes of adults].

Objective: To explore the diagnostic role of SOX13 antibody in latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA).

Methods: Sera of 328 patients with slow-onset diabetes and 120 sex and age-matched healthy controls underwent radiochemical test to detect the positive rates of SOX13-Ab, glutamic acid decarboxylace antibody (GAD-Ab) and carboxypeptidase H antibody (CPH-Ab). According to the GAD-Ab and CPH-Ab status the patients were divided into autoimmune (GAD-Ab and/or CPH-Ab positive, n = 130) and non-autoimmune (GAD-Ab and CPH-Ab negative, n = 198) diabetic subgroups.

[Quality control of radioligand assay for glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody].

Objective: To supply the quality control for glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody (GAD-Ab) measurement using radioligand assay.

Methods: The quality control of GAD-Ab determined with radioligand assay in 83 batches was analyzed.

Results: The intra-assay coefficient of variation (CV) was 4.

Diagnostic value of carboxypeptidase-H autoantibodies in detecting latent autoimmune diabetes in adults.

Objective: To investigate the diagnostic value of carboxypeptidase-H (CPH) autoantibodies in Chinese patients with the latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA).

Methods: One hundred and fifty-four Type 1 diabetes, 104 Type 2 diabetes, and 144 healthy people were enrolled. Recombinant human CPH (54 kD) was labeled by in vitro translation with 35S-methionine and used to evaluate autoantibodies to CPH (CPH-Ab).

[Etiological dissection in common anti-islet autoantibody-negative patients with type 1 diabetes].

Objective: To explore the immunological and genetic factors of common anti-islet autoantibody-negative patients with type 1 diabetes.

Methods: Specimens of peripheral blood were collected from 33 common autoantibody (GAD-Ab, IA2-Ab, IAA, TGA and TPO-Ab) negative diabetic patients with new-onset of unprovoked ketosis (or ketoacidosis), and genome DNA was extracted. The antibodies to carboxypeptide-H (CPH) and SOX13 (ICA12) were detected by radioligand assay.

Rosiglitazone combined with insulin preserves islet beta cell function in adult-onset latent autoimmune diabetes (LADA).

Background: LADA is thought to result from the chronic autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells. In addition to antidiabetic effects, the newly developed insulin sensitizer-thiazolidinediones have the potential to increase the insulin content of islet cells by downregulating local inflammation and autoimmune response. Therefore, we hypothesized that LADA patients might benefit from thiazolidinediones treatment.

[Adult-onset latent autoimmune diabetes and autoimmune thyroid disease].

Objective: To investigate the relationship between latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) and thyroid autoimmunity.

Methods: The frequency of thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab) and thyroglobulin antibody (TG-Ab) was determined with radioimmunoassay in 394 subjects, including 90 LADA, 104 classic type 1 diabetics (T1DM), 100 type 2 diabetics (T2DM) and 100 controls. Glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody (GAD-Ab) was measured with radioligand immunoassay.

[Subclassification of seronegative type 1 diabetic subjects with HLA-DQ genotypes].

Objective: To reveal the relationship between disease phenotype and HLA-DQ genotype in autoantibody-negative type 1 diabetics and to explore whether HLA-DQ genotypes can reclassify seronegative type 1 diabetic patients.

Methods: Sixty-one diabetics with unprovoked ketosis or ketoacidosis at presentation were tested for glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody (GAD-Ab), tyrosine phosphatase antibody (IA2-Ab), thyroglobulin antibody (TGA), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab) and HLA-DQ genotype. GAD-Ab and IA2-Ab were measured with radioligand assay.

[Metabolic syndrome and latent autoimmune diabetes in adults].

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) and to study the positivity of glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibody (GADA) in diabetic patients with MS.

Methods: Sera of 598 patients with an initial diagnosis of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) were screened for GADA with radioligand assay. These patients were divided into LADA and T2DM groups according to the titers of GADA to compare the prevalence of MS; the proportions of LADA in diabetic patients with and without MS were studied.