Sensation seeking, impulsivity, and aggression moderate sex effects on adolescent laboratory binging.

Sex, comprising biological and gender-related distinctions, is a known risk factor for alcohol use disorders. Moreover, sensation seeking, impulsivity, and aggression have been found to predict binge drinking and to reflect behavioral disinhibition. We tested effects of these disinhibited traits on binging during intravenous alcohol self-administration (ivASA), a method that eliminates sex differences in the pharmacokinetics of alcohol.

Extranodal site of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and the risk of R-CHOP chemotherapy resistance and early relapse.

Background: About 20%-30% of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients experience early disease progression despite R-CHOP chemotherapy treatment. Revised international prognostic index (R-IPI) score could risk stratify DLBCL patients but does not identify exactly which patient will be resistant to R-CHOP therapy or experience early relapse.

Aims Of The Study: To analyse pre-treatment clinical features of DLBCL patients that are predictive of R-CHOP therapy resistance and early disease relapse after R-CHOP therapy treatment.

[Treatment of displaced midshaft clavicle fracture with convolution method].

Objective: To explore the clinical effects of convolution method in treating displaced midshaft clavicle fracture.

Methods: From January 2018 to July 2019, 32 patients (21 males and 11 females) with displaced midshaft clavicle fracture were treated, ranging in age from 18 to 65 years old, with a median age of 41.5 years old.

Drivers of hospitalization in atrial fibrillation: A contemporary review.

Atrial fibrillation (AF)-related hospitalization has risen over the last 2 decades and is the most influential determinant of total disease-related expenditure. In this review article, we describe several identified drivers of hospitalization from several registries and large-scale clinical trials, including key cardiovascular and non-traditional risk factors. We also discuss available assessment tools for discerning overall risk of hospitalization, including AF symptom scores, thrombosis and bleeding disposition, and non-invasive cardiac structural assessment.

Left Ventricular Sphericity Index is a reproducible bedside echocardiographic measure of geometric change between acute phase Takotsubo's syndrome and acute anterior myocardial infarction.

•TS and AMI are separate cardiac conditions with similar clinical presentations.•TS have a higher LVSI than AMI, indicating a more spherical left ventricle.•LVSI may be utilised acutely to assist differentiation of acute phase TS and AMI.

IMpower, CASPIAN, and more: exploring the optimal first-line immunotherapy for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer.

The life expectancy of extensive-stage small cell lung (ES-SCLC) cancer patients has not improved in the last 2-3 decades until two recent trials (CASPIAN and IMpower133) showing the addition of anti-programmed death ligand (PD-L1) therapy to chemotherapy has survival benefit over chemotherapy alone. However, such benefit is relatively small and was not even observed in some other trials using immunotherapy, raising the question of optimal chemoimmunotherapy combination in the 1st-line setting for ES-SCLC. Here, we discussed several thought-provoking questions with the focus on IMpower133 and CASPIAN trials.

Predicting salvage laryngectomy in patients treated with primary nonsurgical therapy for laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma using machine learning.

Background: Machine learning (ML) algorithms may predict patients who will require salvage total laryngectomy (STL) after primary radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy for laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

Methods: Patients treated for T1-T3a laryngeal SCC were identified from the National Cancer Database. Multiple ML algorithms were trained to predict which patients would go on to require STL after primary nonsurgical treatment.

Design, Development, and Validation of a High-Fidelity "Ganglion Cyst" Model for Cadaveric Hand Surgery Training.

 This study presents a design and developmental model with prospective validation. This study was aimed to design, develop, and validate a cadaveric model simulator of a ganglion cyst to train surgeons in its surgical excision.  A novel "ganglion cyst" was designed using a latex powder-free glove and water-based, water-soluble lubricant (K-Y jelly).

(-)-Syringaresinol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside from Cortex Albizziae inhibits corticosterone-induced PC12 cell apoptosis and relieves the associated dysfunction.

The neuroprotective effects and potential mechanisms of (-)-Syringaresinol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (SRG), a natural lignan glycoside extracted from Cortex Albizziae, were investigated using corticosterone (CORT)-induced PC12 cells as an in vitro anxiety model. PC12 cells were treated with 100 μM CORT and 5, 10, or 20 μM SRG for 48 h. Cell viability and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage were measured.

Seizure-induced neuroinflammation contributes to ectopic neurogenesis and aggressive behavior in pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus mice.

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder often associated with recurrent seizures. A growing body of evidence suggests that seizures cause structural and functional alterations of the brain. It is reported that behavioral abnormalities frequently occur in patients with epilepsy and experimental epilepsy models.

Clinic-Based Pediatric Disclosure Intervention Trial Improves Pediatric HIV Status Disclosure in Ghana.

Background: Disclosing HIV status to HIV-positive children is a major challenge facing families and health care providers. Despite recommendations for disclosure, rates remain low. We tested whether a pediatric HIV disclosure intervention delivered as an integral component of routine HIV health care in Ghana would improve disclosure to children.

The development and electronic delivery of case-based learning using a fast healthcare interoperability resource system.

HL7 International's Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) standard provides a common format for sharing health data (eg, FHIR resources) and a RESTful Application Programming Interface (eg, FHIR API) for accessing those resources via a FHIR server connected to an electronic health record system or any other system storing clinical data. Substitutable Medical Applications and Reusable Technologies (SMART) leverages FHIR to create an electronic health record (EHR) agnostic app platform. It utilizes the OAuth standard to provide for authorization and authentication.

Framework and algorithms for identifying honest blocks in blockchain.

Blockchain technology gains more and more attention in the past decades and has been applied in many areas. The main bottleneck for the development and application of blockchain is its limited scalability. Blockchain with directed acyclic graph structure (BlockDAG) is proposed in order to alleviate the scalability problem.

Impairment of left atrial function and cryptogenic stroke: Potential insights in the pathophysiology of stroke in the young.

Background: Stroke is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality with a significant percentage classified as cryptogenic. Left atrial (LA) remodelling, a substrate for atrial fibrillation (AF) and stroke development, may play a role in identification of the aetiology of cryptogenic stroke. We aimed to examine LA function to gain mechanistic insights into the pathophysiology of cryptogenic stroke in young patients otherwise at low risk for cardiovascular disease.

CLDN4 silencing promotes proliferation and reduces chemotherapy sensitivity of gastric cancer cells through activation of the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway.

New Findings: What is the central question of this study? What is the influence of the interaction between the matrix protein CLDN4 and the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway on tumour progression and chemotherapy sensitivity in gastric cancer? What is the main finding and its importance? Silencing of CLDN4 can promote the growth and proliferation of gastric cancer cells by activating the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway, and thus reduce the sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to chemotherapy.

Abstract: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide and has a high mortality rate, accompanied by metastasis. Claudins (CLDNs) are major tight-junction proteins that mediate cellular polarity and differentiation.

Deconvoluting the diversity of within-host pathogen strains in a multi-locus sequence typing framework.

Background: Bacterial pathogens exhibit an impressive amount of genomic diversity. This diversity can be informative of evolutionary adaptations, host-pathogen interactions, and disease transmission patterns. However, capturing this diversity directly from biological samples is challenging.

The feeling of anger: From brain networks to linguistic expressions.

This review of the neuroscience of anger is part of The Human Affectome Project, where we attempt to map anger and its components (i.e., physiological, cognitive, experiential) to the neuroscience literature (i.

Oxygen and nitrogen co-doped ordered mesoporous carbon materials enhanced the electrochemical selectivity of O reduction to HO.

Electrochemical hydrogen peroxide production from two-electron oxygen reduction reaction, a cost-effective, sustainable and reliable method compared with the traditional anthraquinone process, is attracting growing attention. However, it is challenged by the selectivity of electrocatalysts. In this context, nitrogen and oxygen co-doped ordered mesoporous carbon materials have been successfully fabricated.

Clinical significance of aberrant microRNAs expression in predicting disease relapse/refractoriness to treatment in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: A meta-analysis.

The clinical significance of aberrantly expressed microRNAs in predicting treatment response to chemotherapy in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients (DLBCL) remains uncertain. Feasibility of microRNA testing to predict treatment outcome was evaluated. Twenty-two types of aberrantly expressed microRNAs were associated with poor treatment response; pooled hazard ratio (HR) was 2.

Comparing quality of life and treatment satisfaction between patients on warfarin and direct oral anticoagulants: a cross-sectional study.

Introduction And Aim: Patient quality of life (QOL) while on long-term oral anticoagulant therapy has been receiving greater attention in recent years due to the increase in life expectancy brought about by advances in medical care. This study aimed to compare the QOL, treatment satisfaction, hospitalization and bleeding rate in patients on long-term warfarin versus direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC).

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) or venous thromboembolism (VTE) on long-term anticoagulant therapy attending the cardiology clinic and anticoagulation clinic of the University Malaya Medical Centre from July 1, 2016, to June 30, 2018.

Cyclosporine A Plus Ischemic Postconditioning Improves Neurological Function in Rats After Cardiac Resuscitation.

Background And Objective: Attenuation of neuronal apoptosis helps maintain neurological function in patients after cardiac arrest. After ischemia-reperfusion, both cyclosporin A (CsA) and ischemic postconditioning independently protect mitochondria and thus reduce nerve injury. This study employed a rat model to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of combining ischemic postconditioning with CsA after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).

Correlation between Biological Effective Dose and Radiation-induced Liver Disease from Hypofractionated Radiotherapy.

Background: The prevention of radiation-induced liver disease (RILD) is very significant in ensuring a safe radiation treatment and high quality of life.

Aims And Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the correlation of physical and biological effective dose (BED) metrics with liver toxicity from hypo-fractionated liver radiotherapy.

Materials And Methods: 41 hypo-fractionated patients in 2 groups were evaluated for classic radiation-induced liver disease (RILD) and chronic RILD, respectively.

MAOA-VNTR genotype affects structural and functional connectivity in distributed brain networks.

Previous studies have linked the low expression variant of a variable number of tandem repeat polymorphism in the monoamine oxidase A gene (MAOA-L) to the risk for impulsivity and aggression, brain developmental abnormalities, altered cortico-limbic circuit function, and an exaggerated neural serotonergic tone. However, the neurobiological effects of this variant on human brain network architecture are incompletely understood. We studied healthy individuals and used multimodal neuroimaging (sample size range: 219-284 across modalities) and network-based statistics (NBS) to probe the specificity of MAOA-L-related connectomic alterations to cortical-limbic circuits and the emotion processing domain.

MAPKAPK2 (MK2) inhibition mediates radiation-induced inflammatory cytokine production and tumor growth in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Radiation therapy (RT) is a cornerstone of treatment in the management of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), yet treatment failure and disease recurrence are common. The p38/MK2 pathway is activated in response to cellular stressors, including radiation, and promotes tumor inflammation in a variety of cancers. We investigated MK2 pathway activation in HNSCC and the interaction of MK2 and RT in vitro and in vivo.

Clinical and prognostic significance of combined plasma fibrinogen concentrations and the monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio in patients with ovarian cancer.

Background: Fibrinogen concentrations and the monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (FC-MLR) are associated with progression and outcomes of many malignancies. This study aimed to assess the clinical and prognostic significance of the combination of plasma FC-MLR in patients with ovarian cancer.

Methods: A total of 155 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and 102 patients with benign gynecological disease were retrospectively reviewed.