Changes in the incidence of Candida-related central line-associated bloodstream infections in pediatric intensive care unit: Could central line bundle have a role?

Objective: Candida species are among the most prevalent microorganisms in pediatric critical care units that cause central line-associated bloodstream infections. The goal of this study was to assess the therapeutic benefit of central line bundle for the prevention of Candida species-related bloodstream infections in pediatric intensive care units.

Design: The study covered the period from January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2019.

Ultrasonographic evaluation of the children with candiduria for the fungal ball: Is It necessary?

Introduction: Imaging of the urinary tract by ultrasonography (USG) or computerized tomography scanning is recommended for detecting structural abnormalities, hydronephrosis, abscesses, emphysematous pyelonephritis, or fungus ball formation. Limited studies on the epidemiology and the imaging results of candiduria were present in the children.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the results of renal ultrasonography imaging in hospitalized pediatric patients with candiduria.

Distribution of spreading viruses during COVID-19 pandemic: Effect of mitigation strategies.

Background: The study aimed to evaluate the distribution of circulating respiratory viral pathogens other than severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) during the first year of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic with especially focusing on the effects of the national-based mitigation strategies.

Methods: This single-center study was conducted between March 11, 2020-March 11, 2021. All children who were tested by polymerase chain reaction on nasopharyngeal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 and other common respiratory viral pathogens were included in the study.

Upward trend in the frequency of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus as a cause of pediatric skin and soft tissue infections over five years: a cross-sectional study.

Background: The increasing prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and its resistance to multiple antibiotics has become a serious challenge since the early 2000s. Especially, community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA) infections that appear mainly as skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) tend to increase worldwide. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the trends in the frequency of SSTIs due to community-acquired S.

Usefulness of screening tests for diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection in children.

Background: The aim of this study is to provide a basis for the development of appropriate screening strategies and evaluate the indications of the interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) in Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-vaccinated children.

Methods: Children who were examined with both IGRA (QuantiFERON®-TB Gold Plus) and tuberculin skin test (TST) for tuberculosis infection were included in the study. Underlying medical conditions of the patients were recorded.

Colonization and infection with a rare microorganism in a neonatal intensive care unit: three preterm infants with Elizabethkingia meningoseptica.

Elizabethkingia meningoseptica is a widespread gram-negative bacillus in the environment, but a rarely reported human pathogen presenting mostly as nosocomial infections. Advances in neonatal intensive care facilities and usage of sophisticated medical devices strengthen the invasive infectious potential of the microorganism. Clinical manifestations usually include primary bacteremia, meningitis, nosocomial pneumoniae, intravascular catheter-related bacteremia and gastrointestinal and biliary tract infections.

Prevalence of respiratory pathogens during two consecutive respiratory syncytial virus seasons at a tertiary medical care center.

Aim: To determine the etiological profiles of lower respiratory tract infection (LRI) in neonates during respiratory syncytial virus(RSV) season, and to define the clinical features of RSV-related infection and others.

Methods: The retrospective study included newborn infants who were hospitalized for LRI during the two consecutive RSV seasons, and then tested for possible etiological agent by multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction. All relevant data were reviewed, and the clinical characteristics of RSV-related infection were compared to those of others.

Non-typhoidal bacteraemia in paediatric leukaemia patients.

Non-typhoidal (NTS) is an important pathogen that causes gastroenteritis, bacteraemia, and focal infections. Herein, we present our experience with bloodstream infections caused by in paediatric leukaemia patients, which has been reported for the first time in both Europe and the US. According to our research, NTS might be a cause of serious infections in paediatric haematology-oncology patients.

The Frequency of Infective Endocarditis in Candida Bloodstream Infections: a Retrospective Study in a Child Hospital.

Introduction: Fungal endocarditis is reported less frequently than bacterial endocarditis, with an incidence of 0-12% of the total pediatric infective endocarditis.

Objective: In this study, the incidence of infective endocarditis in Candida bloodstream infections in a tertiary hospital during the periods of 2007 and 2016 was reviewed.

Methods: Patients with positive blood or catheter cultures in terms of Candida spp.

Risk factors for recurrent central line-associated bloodstream infections in a pediatric intensive care unit.

Background/aim: It is recommended that a central venous catheter (CVC) be removed if central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) has been diagnosed. The objective of this retrospective study was to evaluate the risk factors for recurrent CLABSI in reinserted catheters in a pediatric intensive care unit. Materials and methods: Patients with recurrent and nonrecurrent CLABSI were compared in terms of the catheter exchange interval, the interval between negative blood culture and reinsertion of the CVC, and the pre-/reinsertion treatment duration.

Outcome of Candida Parapsilosis Complex Infections Treated with Caspofungin in Children.

Background: We aimed to evaluate the correlation of caspofungin E-tests with the prognosis and response to caspofungin therapy of Candida parapsilosis complex bloodstream infections in children hospitalized in a pediatric intensive care unit.

Methods: All children who had C. parapsilosis complex bloodstream infections and who were treated with caspofungin were included in this retrospective study.

Burn-associated bloodstream infections in pediatric burn patients: Time distribution of etiologic agents.

Background: Infections are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with burns in burn units. Bloodstream infections (BSIs) in patients with burns may result from burn wound infection, use of invasive devices such as central venous catheters, and translocation of the gastrointestinal flora.

Objective: In this study, we investigated the distribution and antimicrobial drug resistance of causative pathogens in children with burns and the durational changes of microorganisms in the distribution of BSIs in children.

New parameters for childhood ventilator associated pneumonia diagnosis.

Purpose: Our aim is to determine whether the presence of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (s-TREM-1) of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), serum procalcitonin levels (PCT), and Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score (CPIS) have diagnostic value in children with VAP.

Methods: All children followed in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) who were mechanically ventilated at least for 48 hr between January 2014 and December 2015 were enrolled into our study. BALF sample was obtained via non-bronchoscopic method from the children with VAP suspicion (case group) and s-TREM-1 levels were measured.

Clinical impact and cost-effectiveness of a central line bundle including split-septum and single-use prefilled flushing devices on central line-associated bloodstream infection rates in a pediatric intensive care unit.

Background: Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) are among the most frequent health care-associated infections. Central line bundle (CLB) programs are useful for reducing CLABSIs.

Methods: A retrospective study was designed to compare 2 periods: the prebundle and bundle periods.

A 7-year study of the distribution of nosocomial candidemia in children with cancer.

Candidemia is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer patients. The incidence of candidemia has been reported to have shifted toward nonalbicans species. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of Candida species resulting in bloodstream infections or catheter-related blood stream infections (CRBSIs) in pediatric hematology-oncology (PHO) patients over a 7-year-period.

Comparison of the BD GeneOhm VanR assay and a chromogenic agar-based culture method in screening for vancomycin-resistant enterococci in rectal specimens of pediatric hematology-oncology patients.

VRE species are an increasingly important and universal problem in intensive care units and hematology-oncology departments due to the spread of glycopeptide resistance. Rapid and accurate identification of VRE is therefore crucial. The intent of this study was to compare the diagnostic performance of a real-time PCR test, the BD GeneOhm VanR assay (GeneXpert vanA/ vanB, Cepheid, USA), with conventional cultures for screening hospitalized immunocompromised hematology-oncology patients for VRE.

Risk of vancomycin-resistant enterococci bloodstream infection among patients colonized with vancomycin-resistant enterococci.

Background: Vancomycin-resistant enterococci colonization has been reported to increase the risk of developing infections, including bloodstream infections.

Aim: In this study, we aimed to share our experience with the vancomycin-resistant enterococci bloodstream infections following gastrointestinal vancomycin-resistant enterococci colonization in pediatric population during a period of 18 months.

Method: A retrospective cohort of children admitted to a 400-bed tertiary teaching hospital in Izmir, Turkey whose vancomycin-resistant enterococci colonization was newly detected during routine surveillances for gastrointestinal vancomycin-resistant enterococci colonization during the period of January 2009 and December 2012 were included in this study.

Differences between pediatric extra-pulmonary and pulmonary tuberculosis: a warning sign for the future.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health problem. The childhood tuberculosis has some unique features different which makes the diagnosis more complicated. Here we described the epidemiologic, clinical and microbiologic features of children with extra pulmonary and pulmonary TB.

Risk factors for candidemia in pediatric intensive care unit patients.

Objective: To determine the risk factors for developing candida infections in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).

Methods: The present study was conducted as a case-control study and included the population of patients who were admitted to PICU during the period of March 2010-March 2011.

Results: During the study period, a total of 57 patients in PICU had candidemia, 4 cases were excluded due to their PICU stay less than 48 h and one due to the insufficient data.

Secondary bacteremia in rotavirus gastroenteritis.

The aim of the study was to determine the frequency of secondary bacteremia in children with rotavirus gastroenteritis and persistence or reemergence of fever. We identified 376 children with a mean of age of 14.2 ± 10.

A single center's experience with Candida parapsilosis related long-term central venous access device infections: the port removal decision and its outcomes.

Pediatric cancer patients have an increased risk of potentially life-threatening fungal infections such as Candida parapsilosis, associated with long-term CVADs. The Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) guidelines on Candida catheter-related bloodstream infections recommend systemic antifungal therapy and catheter removal. In this study, we focused on our experience with antifungal failure due to totally implanted catheter-associated C.