Cancer and Vascular Comorbidity Effects on Dementia Risk and Neuropathology in the Oldest-Old.

Background: Dementia, vascular disease, and cancer increase with age, enabling complex comorbid interactions. Understanding vascular and cancer contributions to dementia risk and neuropathology in oldest-old may improve risk modification and outcomes.

Objective: Investigate the contributions of vascular factors and cancer to dementia and neuropathology.

Empathy as a Concept from Bench to Bedside: A Translational Challenge.

Empathy is a multidimensional paradigm, and there currently is a lack of scientific consensus in its definition. In this paper, we review the possibility of compromising data during behavioral neuroscience experiments, including but not limited to those who study empathy. The experimental protocols can affect, and be affected by, empathy and related processes at multiple levels.

Acetaminophen (paracetamol) affects empathy-like behavior in rats: Dose-response relationship.

Empathy is the ability to recognize, process and respond to another's emotional state and empathic functions have been linked with a multitude of cognitive and affective processes. Impaired empathy has been linked to aggression and criminal behavior in society. Acetaminophen (paracetamol) is among the most common nonprescription (over the counter) analgesics in the world and has been already linked to reducing empathic behavior in humans.

The effects of acute foot shock stress on empathy levels in rats.

Empathy defined as the ability to understand and the share the feelings, thoughts, and attitudes of another, is an important skill in survival and reproduction. Among many factors that affect empathy include psychological stress, anxiety states. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of acute psychological stress on empathic behavior and its association with oxytocin and vasopressin levels in amygdala and prefrontal cortex.

Increased prevalence of autoimmune disease within C9 and FTD/MND cohorts: Completing the picture.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of autoimmune disease in symptomatic (C9) mutation carriers and frontotemporal dementia with motor neuron disease (FTD/MND) cohorts.

Methods: In this case-control study, we reviewed the clinical histories of 66 patients with FTD/MND and 57 symptomatic C9 carriers (24 overlapping cases), a total of 99 charts, for history of autoimmune disease. The prevalence of autoimmune disease in C9 and FTD/MND cohorts was determined by χ and Fisher exact comparisons between the combined C9 and FTD/MND group with normal control, Alzheimer disease, and progressive supranuclear palsy cohorts, as well as comparisons within C9 and FTD/MND cohorts.

Case Studies Illustrating Focal Alzheimer's, Fluent Aphasia, Late-Onset Memory Loss, and Rapid Dementia.

Many dementia subtypes have more shared signs and symptoms than defining ones. We review 8 cases with 4 overlapping syndromes and demonstrate how to distinguish the cases. These include focal cortical presentations of Alzheimer's disease (AD; posterior cortical atrophy and corticobasal syndrome [CBS]), fluent aphasia (semantic dementia and logopenic aphasia), late-onset slowly progressive dementia (hippocampal sclerosis and limbic predominant AD) and rapidly progressive dementia (Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and limbic encephalitis).

Evaluating pathogenic dementia variants in posterior cortical atrophy.

Posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) is an understudied visual impairment syndrome most often due to "posterior Alzheimer's disease (AD)" pathology. Case studies detected mutations in PSEN1, PSEN2, GRN, MAPT, and PRNP in subjects with clinical PCA. To detect the frequency and spectrum of mutations in known dementia genes in PCA, we screened 124 European-American subjects with clinical PCA (n = 67) or posterior AD neuropathology (n = 57) for variants in genes implicated in AD, frontotemporal dementia, and prion disease using NeuroX, a customized exome array.

Tactile, olfactory, and gustatory hallucinations in psychotic disorders: a descriptive study.

Introduction: Hallucinations are a common feature of psychotic illness and occur across diagnoses. While auditory and visual hallucinations are known to represent common features of psychosis, tactile, olfactory, and gustatory hallucinations (TOGHs) are often believed to be rare in primary psychotic illness. The present study examined hallucinations across sensory modalities in patients with primary psychotic disorders by diagnosis and in association with mood and psychotic symptoms.