Limits to sustained energy intake XXIV: impact of suckling behaviour on the body temperatures of lactating female mice.

The objective of this study was to investigate the potential causes of high body temperature (Tb) during lactation in mice as a putative limit on energy intake. In particular we explored whether or not offspring contributed to heat retention in mothers while suckling. Tb and physical activity were monitored in 26 female MF1 mice using intraperitoneally implanted transmitters.

Limits to sustained energy intake. XXII. Reproductive performance of two selected mouse lines with different thermal conductance.

Maximal sustained energy intake (SusEI) appears limited, but the factors imposing the limit are disputed. We studied reproductive performance in two lines of mice selected for high and low food intake (MH and ML, respectively), and known to have large differences in thermal conductance (29% higher in the MH line at 21°C). When these mice raised their natural litters, their metabolisable energy intake significantly increased over the first 13 days of lactation and then reached a plateau.

Limits to sustained energy intake. XX. Body temperatures and physical activity of female mice during lactation.

Lactating animals consume greater amounts of food than non-reproductive animals, but energy intake appears to be limited in late lactation. The heat dissipation limit theory suggests that the food intake of lactating mice is limited by the capacity of the mother to dissipate heat. Lactating mice should therefore have high body temperatures (Tb), and changes in energy intake during lactation should be reflected by variation in Tb.

Limits to sustained energy intake. XVI. Body temperature and physical activity of female mice during pregnancy.

Lactation is the most energy-demanding phase of mammalian reproduction, and lactation performance may be affected by events during pregnancy. For example, food intake may be limited in late pregnancy by competition for space in the abdomen between the alimentary tract and fetuses. Hence, females may need to compensate their energy budgets during pregnancy by reducing activity and lowering body temperature.

Limits to sustained energy intake. XV. Effects of wheel running on the energy budget during lactation.

The capacity of animals to dissipate heat may constrain sustained energy intake during lactation. We examined these constraints at peak lactation in MF1 mice that had ad libitum access to food, or that had to run a pre-set target on running wheels to obtain ad libitum access to food. The voluntary distance run decreased sharply during pregnancy and peak lactation.

Effects of chronic oral rimonabant administration on energy budgets of diet-induced obese C57BL/6 mice.

The endocannabinoids have been recognized as an important system involved in the regulation of energy balance. Rimonabant (SR141716), a selective inverse agonist of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1), has been shown to cause weight loss. However, its suppressive impact on food intake is transient, indicating a likely additional effect on energy expenditure.

Discrepancy between clinical course and drug-induced lymphocyte stimulation tests in a case of saireito-induced liver injury accompanied by Sjögren syndrome.

Background: Saireito consists of components of shosaikoto and goreisan. There are several reports of liver injury caused by shosaikoto and saireito, whereas cases caused by goreisan are rarely seen.

Patient: A 70-year-old woman suffered from sicca of the eyes and oral cavity that arose in 2003.

Limits to sustained energy intake XII: is the poor relation between resting metabolic rate and reproductive performance because resting metabolism is not a repeatable trait?

Many studies have investigated the consequences of individual variation in resting metabolic rate at thermoneutrality (RMRt) on reproductive performance. Despite strong theoretical reasons for expecting such an association, results have generally been disappointing. A fundamental assumption of these studies is that RMRt is a repeatable trait.

I.c.v. administration of orexin-A induces an antidepressive-like effect through hippocampal cell proliferation.

A decrease in orexin-A (OX-A) levels has been reported to be associated with depression. It is also well known that stress and depression can disrupt neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus; however, it is unclear how OX-A is involved in depression and/or neurogenesis. In the present study, we investigated the effect of i.

Rosmarinic acid from Perillae Herba produces an antidepressant-like effect in mice through cell proliferation in the hippocampus.

Rosmarinic acid (RA) is one of major polyphenolic ingredients of Perillae Herba (a leaf of Perilla frutescens), and has an antidepressant-like property in animal models of depression. However, the mechanism(s) underlying this activity are unknown. Recent studies have reported that regulation of hippocampal neurogenesis is associated with the pathogenesis of depression.

Screening-level risk assessment of Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate for aquatic organisms using monitoring data in Japan.

Screening-level ecological risk assessments of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) for aquatic organisms in Japan were conducted using estimated statistical values based on surface water and sediment monitoring data and effect threshold values based on a large aquatic toxicity database. An alternative method is proposed to handle monitoring data that contain nondetects including multiple detection limits and to determine the statistical values of DEHP concentrations in Japanese surface waters. The No-Observed-Effect-Concentration (NOEC(water)) of DEHP for aquatic life of 77 micro g/L was determined giving equal importance to both physical effects probably caused by undissolved DEHP and to the intrinsic toxicity potentially caused by DEHP.