Time-restricted feeding reduces cardiovascular disease risk in obese mice.

Disrupted feeding and fasting cycles as well as chronic high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity are associated with cardiovascular disease risk factors. We designed studies that determined whether two weeks of time-restricted feeding (TRF) intervention in mice fed a chronic HFD would reduce cardiovascular disease risk factors. Mice were fed a normal diet (ND; 10% fat) ad libitum or HFD (45% fat) for 18 weeks ad libitum to establish diet-induced obesity.

Cefepime Versus Piperacillin-Tazobactam for the Treatment of Intra-Abdominal Infections Secondary to Potential AmpC Beta-Lactamase-Producing Organisms.

Recent studies have established cefepime as an effective treatment option for AmpC beta-lactamase (AmpC) Enterobacterales; however, the efficacy of beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitors is unclear. The objective of this study was to determine if piperacillintazobactamis an appropriate alternative to cefepime for the treatment of intra-abdominal infections (IAIs) secondary to AmpC-producing organisms. This multicenter, retrospective cohort study was conducted in hospitalized adults with an IAI caused by an AmpC-producing organism and received either cefepime or piperacillin-tazobactam for definitive treatment after a source control procedure.

Novel, nurse-led early postdischarge clinic is associated with fewer readmissions and lower mortality following hospitalisation with decompensated cirrhosis.

Objective: Patients hospitalised with decompensated cirrhosis have high rates of early unplanned readmission. Many readmissions are avoidable with secondary preventative strategies, but patients are often readmitted prior to outpatient review. To address this, we established a novel, nurse-led early postdischarge (EPD) clinic delivering goal-directed care for cirrhosis complications and evaluated the impact.

PROSPECTIVE POSTMORTEM ASSESSMENT OF THE INCIDENCE OF MAMMARY NEOPLASIA IN CHIMPANZEES ().

When evaluating the last 25 yr of morbidity and mortality from adult chimpanzees managed within the Association of Zoo and Aquarium Chimpanzee Species Survival Plan® for North American zoos, only two female chimpanzees were diagnosed with mammary neoplasia: one incidentally antemortem and one with a terminal metastatic neoplasia. When comparing this observation of prevalence of mammary neoplasia to humans, a substantial disparity is apparent. Mammary neoplasia is the second most common cancer in adult female humans, with a lifetime risk of 1:8 in the United States.

PHARMACOKINETICS OF ORAL FLUNIXIN MEGLUMINE, MELOXICAM, OR GABAPENTIN IN THREE BLACK RHINOCEROS ().

Pharmacokinetics of single, separate doses of IV flunixin meglumine (1 mg/kg), IV meloxicam (0.5 mg/kg), oral flunixin meglumine (1 mg/kg), oral meloxicam (1 mg/kg), and oral gabapentin (15 mg/kg) in three adult black rhinoceroses () were determined from serial blood collection made over 72 h. The concentration versus time profiles were analyzed for each drug and route in each individual rhinoceros, and individual pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated for each medication administered.

Circadian regulation of dentate gyrus excitability mediated by G-protein signaling.

The central circadian regulator within the suprachiasmatic nucleus transmits time of day information by a diurnal spiking rhythm driven by molecular clock genes controlling membrane excitability. Most brain regions, including the hippocampus, harbor similar intrinsic circadian transcriptional machinery, but whether these molecular programs generate oscillations of membrane properties is unclear. Here, we show that intrinsic excitability of mouse dentate granule neurons exhibits a 24-h oscillation that controls spiking probability.

Toward Precision Medicine: Circadian Rhythm of Blood Pressure and Chronotherapy for Hypertension - 2021 NHLBI Workshop Report.

Healthy individuals exhibit blood pressure variation over a 24-hour period with higher blood pressure during wakefulness and lower blood pressure during sleep. Loss or disruption of the blood pressure circadian rhythm has been linked to adverse health outcomes, for example, cardiovascular disease, dementia, and chronic kidney disease. However, the current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches lack sufficient attention to the circadian rhythmicity of blood pressure.

Canadian critical care nurses experiences on the front lines of the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative descriptive study.

Background: Recent pandemics have provided important lessons to inform planning for public health emergencies. Despite these lessons, gaps in implementation during the COVID-19 pandemic are evident. Additionally, research to inform interventions to support the needs of front-line nurses during a prolonged pandemic are lacking.

Examination of Diurnal Variation and Sex Differences in Hippocampal Neurophysiology and Spatial Memory.

Circadian rhythms are biological processes that cycle across 24 h and regulate many facets of neurophysiology, including learning and memory. Circadian variation in spatial memory task performance is well documented; however, the effect of sex across circadian time (CT) remains unclear. Additionally, little is known regarding the impact of time-of-day on hippocampal neuronal physiology.

Discrimination and insomnia: Examining depressive symptoms and nicotine withdrawal through a serial mediation model in a sample of smokers.

Insomnia is a common sleep disorder associated with poor health outcomes. Individuals from racially underrepresented groups as well as women tend to report more severe insomnia symptoms, and frequent experiences of discrimination have been found to drive such disparities. Smokers commonly experience sleep problems since nicotine can alter the sleep-wake cycle.

A 25-Year Retrospective Review of Mortality in Chimpanzees () in Accredited U.S. Zoos from a Management and Welfare Perspective.

Understanding causes of death allows adjustment of health management strategies for animals in managed care. From 224 documented chimpanzee deaths occurring from 1995 to 2019 in 42 accredited U.S.

Supratherapeutic Tacrolimus Concentrations With Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients Requiring Hospitalization: A Case Series Using Rifampin for Reversal.

Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir was recently granted emergency use authorization for mild to moderate coronavirus disease 2019. Drug-drug interactions between ritonavir and tacrolimus are underappreciated by nontransplant providers. We describe 2 solid organ transplant recipients prescribed nirmatrelvir/ritonavir for outpatient use who developed tacrolimus toxicity requiring hospitalization and were managed with rifampin for toxicity reversal.

Effect of a tailored sepsis treatment protocol on patient outcomes in the Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia: results of an interrupted time series analysis.

Background: Despite improvement, sepsis mortality rates remain high, with an estimated 11 million sepsis-related deaths globally in 2017 (Rudd et. al, Lancet 395:200-211, 2020). Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are estimated to account for 85% of global sepsis mortality; however, evidence for improved sepsis mortality in LMICs is lacking.

Nightshift Work and Nighttime Eating Are Associated With Higher Insulin and Leptin Levels in Hospital Nurses.

Background: Circadian misalignment between behaviors such as feeding and endogenous circadian rhythms, particularly in the context of shiftwork, is associated with poorer cardiometabolic health. We examined whether insulin and leptin levels differ between dayshift versus nightshift nurses, as well as explored whether the timing of food intake modulates these effects in nightshift workers.

Methods: Female nurses (N=18; 8 dayshift and 10 nightshift) completed daily diet records for 8 consecutive days.

Hidden Fluids in Plain Sight: Identifying Intravenous Medication Classes as Contributors to Intensive Care Unit Fluid Intake.

Fluid stewardship targets optimal fluid management to improve patient outcomes. Intravenous (IV) medications, flushes, and blood products, collectively referred to as hidden fluids, contribute to fluid intake in the intensive care unit (ICU). The impact of specific IV medications on fluid intake is unknown.

Circadian disruption of hippocampus in an early senescence male mouse model.

Age-related cognitive decline and disruptions in circadian rhythms are growing problems as the average human life span increases. Multiple strains of the senescence-accelerated mouse (SAM) show reduced life span, and the SAMP8 strain in particular has been well documented to show cognitive deficits in behavior as well as a bimodal pattern of circadian locomotor activity. However, little is known about circadian regulation within the hippocampus of these strains of mice.

HYPOCOAGULABILITY EFFECT OF ADEQUAN IN DOMESTIC CHICKENS () AND CHILEAN FLAMINGOS ().

Effective management of articular injuries in avian species is a known and frequent challenge. Potential treatments include many domestic animal therapeutics, such as Adequan®, which is used widely in dogs and horses. However, clinical reports have described hemorrhagic diatheses in a variety of avian species treated with varying doses and administration frequency of Adequan.

Short-term daytime restricted feeding in rats with high salt impairs diurnal variation of Na excretion.

Night shift work increases risk of cardiovascular disease associated with an irregular eating schedule. Elevating this risk is the high level of salt intake observed in the typical Western diet. Renal Na excretion has a distinct diurnal pattern, independent of time of intake, yet the interactions between the time of intake and the amount of salt ingested are not clear.

Intravenous to oral antibiotics versus intravenous antibiotics: a step-up or a step-down for extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing urinary tract infections without concomitant bacteraemia?

The Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) recommends numerous antibiotics for the treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria. The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical outcomes of oral step-down antibiotics compared with continued intravenous therapy in UTIs without bacteraemia. This multicentre, retrospective, cohort study was conducted in hospitalised patients with ESBL-producing UTIs between July 2016 and March 2020.

Too much or too little information: how unknown uncertainty fuels time inconsistency.

Unlabelled: Under uncertainty, there is considerable heterogeneity in expectations of results, and the outcome of each choice is a reflection of those expectations. This study aims to understand the role of subjective probabilistic inference in updating information for decision-making procedures under uncertainty. We show that adding uncertainty of trade-offs in decision-making criteria induces more inconsistent present preferences.