New Alpha-Amylase Inhibitory Metabolites from Pericarps of .

Two new benzophenones: garcimangophenones A () and B () and five formerly reported metabolites were purified from the pericarps EtOAc fraction of ((GM) Clusiaceae). Their structures were characterized by various spectral techniques and by comparing with the literature. The α-amylase inhibitory (AAI) potential of the isolated metabolites was assessed.

Fusaroxazin, a novel cytotoxic and antimicrobial xanthone derivative from .

Oxazines and their derivatives are an uncommon natural heterocyclic compounds, which contain oxygen and nitrogen atoms and possess various bioactivities. A novel 1,4-oxazine-xanthone derivative, fusarioxazin () and three known sterols () were separated from EtOAc extract associated with L. (broad bean, Fabaceae) roots.

Anti-inflammatory ergosterol derivatives from the endophytic fungus .

Two new ergosterol derivatives namely, chlamydosterols A [(22,24)-ergosta-7,22-diene-3β,5α,6β-triol 6-decanoate] () and B [5α,6β,25-trihydroxy-(22,24)-ergosta-7,22-dien-3-one] ( and three known ergosterols: ergosta-7,22-dien-3β-ol (), ergosta-5,7,22-triene-3β-ol (), and ergosta-7,22-diene-3,5α,6β-triol ( were separated from the EtOAc extract of the endophytic fungus isolated from (Asteraceae) leaves growing in Saudi Arabia. Their structural assignment was accomplished by various spectroscopic analyses, as well as comparing with the published data. The 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) inhibitory potential of the isolated metabolites was assessed.

Naturally Occurring Isocoumarins Derivatives from Endophytic Fungi: Sources, Isolation, Structural Characterization, Biosynthesis, and Biological Activities.

Recently, the metabolites separated from endophytes have attracted significant attention, as many of them have a unique structure and appealing pharmacological and biological potentials. Isocoumarins represent one of the most interesting classes of metabolites, which are coumarins isomers with a reversed lactone moiety. They are produced by plants, microbes, marine organisms, bacteria, insects, liverworts, and fungi and possessed a wide array of bioactivities.

Vitex agnus-castus safeguards the lung against lipopolysaccharide-induced toxicity in mice.

Vitex agnus-castus (VAC, Verbenaceae) is widely used in Chinese traditional medicine as an antiinflammatory agent. This study aimed to explore the efficacy of the VAC extract to protect against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury. The results have shown that VAC had a potent protective activity against LPS-induced acute lung damage.

α-Amylase inhibition of xanthones from Garcinia mangostana pericarps and their possible use for the treatment of diabetes with molecular docking studies.

Chromatographic separation of the methanol extract of Garcinia mangostana (mangosteen, Guttiferae) dried pericarps led to the isolation and structural characterization of a new xanthone, namely garcimangostin A (5), together with garcixanthone A (1), gartanin (2), normangostin (3), and garcinone C (4). Their structural characterization was achieved using various NMR spectroscopic tools as well as HRMS. Their α-amylase inhibitory (AAI) potential was assessed.

Anti-inflammatory terpenoids from Cyperus rotundus rhizomes.

Phytochemical investigation of the methanolic extract of Cyperus rotundus L. (Cyperaceae) rhizomes afforded a new norterpenoid with an unprecedented carbon skeleton, namely cyperalin A (1) and sugetriol triacetate (2). Their structures were identified by using advanced spectroscopic technique such as UV, IR, 1D (1H and 13C), 2D (1H-1HCOSY, HSQC, HMBC, and NOESY) NMR, and HRESIMS as well as comparison with literature data.

Cucumol B, a new triterpene benzoate from seeds with cytotoxic effect toward ovarian and human breast adenocarcinoma.

Phytochemical investigation of the methanolic extract of L. (Cucurbitaceae) seeds furnished a new triterpene benzoate derivative: cucumol B () and four known flavonoids: quercetin-3---D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)--L-rhamnopyranoside (), quercetin-3---D-glucopyranoside (), quercetin (), and luteolin (). Their structures were identified by UV, IR, 1D (C and H), 2D (HSQC, H-H COSY, HMBC, and NOESY) NMR, and HRESIMS spectral as well as comparing with literature data.

Protective effect of quercetin against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.

Gentamicin (GM) is an antibiotic widely used in treating severe gram-negative infections. However, its clinical use is limited by its nephrotoxicity. Several lines of evidence indicate that free radicals are important mediators of gentamicin nephrotoxicity.