Implementing a General Practice-Based Link Worker Intervention for People with Multimorbidity During the Covid-19 Pandemic- a Mixed Methods Process Evaluation of the LinkMM RCT.

Background: Social prescribing link workers support patients to connect with community resources to improve their health and well-being. These roles are prominent in policy, but there is limited evidence on what support is provided by link workers and what factors influence implementation of link worker interventions.

Methods: A convergent, mixed methods process evaluation of an exploratory randomised trial of a one-month general practice-based link worker intervention targeting adults with multimorbidity in deprived areas.

Training Service Users in the Use of Telehealth: Scoping Review.

Background: The use of telehealth has rapidly increased, yet some populations may be disproportionally excluded from accessing and using this modality of care. Training service users in telehealth may increase accessibility for certain groups. The extent and nature of these training activities have not been explored.

An exploratory randomised trial investigating feasibility, potential impact and cost effectiveness of link workers for people living with multimorbidity attending general practices in deprived urban communities.

Background: Social prescribing link workers are non-health or social care professionals who connect people with psychosocial needs to non-clinical community supports. They are being implemented widely, but there is limited evidence for appropriate target populations or cost effectiveness. This study aimed to explore the feasibility, potential impact on health outcomes and cost effectiveness of practice-based link workers for people with multimorbidity living in deprived urban communities.

Drivers and facilitators of weight stigma among preconception, pregnant, and postpartum women: A systematic review.

Women in the preconception, pregnant, or postpartum period are susceptible to weight stigma, particularly due to the risk of excess weight gain during the reproductive life period and the negative effects of stigma on the health of both the mother and the child. Identifying the drivers and facilitators of weight stigma will help guide focused weight stigma prevention interventions. This systematic review aimed to identify the drivers and facilitators of weight stigma among preconception, pregnant, and postpartum women.

The alarms should no longer be ignored: survey of the demand, capacity and provision of adult community eating disorder services in England and Scotland before COVID-19.

Aims/method: This national pre-pandemic survey compared demand and capacity of adult community eating disorder services (ACEDS) with NHS England (NHSE) commissioning guidance.

Results: Thirteen services in England and Scotland responded (covering 10.7 million population).

Stakeholder perspectives and experiences of the implementation of remote mental health consultations during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study.

Background: Remote mental health consultations were swiftly implemented across mental health services during the COVID-19 pandemic. Research has begun to inform future design and delivery of telemental health services. Exploring the in-depth experiences of those involved is important to understand the complex, multi-level factors that influence the implementation of remote mental health consultations.

A rapid review of implementation frameworks underpinning Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children's health and social care programs.

Objective: This rapid review aimed to identify (1) key frameworks and components underpinning the effective implementation of Health and Social Care (HSC) programs for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children; and (2) participatory and co-design frameworks guiding the implementation.

Methods: Four databases were searched for peer-reviewed English-language articles published between 2015 and 2021. The focus was on HSC models, frameworks, projects or services with an implementation focus for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children aged 0-12 years.

A Systematic Review on Long-Term Postsurgical Pain Outcomes; What Is the Effect of Upper Extremity Regional Anesthesia?

Background: Chronic pain is a recognized complication of surgery, and it has been hypothesized that regional anesthesia might reduce the risk of development of chronic pain after upper extremity surgery.

Methods: A systematic literature review was performed to assess whether in patients undergoing elective upper extremity surgery (P), regional anesthesia (I), compared to general anesthesia (C), would result in lower long-term (>3 months) postoperative pain intensity (O). We included randomized and nonrandomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Incidence of Chronic Postsurgical Pain after Upper Extremity Surgery and its Correlation with Preoperative Pain.

Unlabelled: The incidence of chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) after upper extremity surgery is not known. The goal was to study CPSP at 5 years postoperative and to investigate patient, surgical, and anesthetic risk factors.

Methods: Patients scheduled for elective upper extremity surgery were included, and numeric rating scale (NRS) score for pain was obtained preoperatively and at 5 years postoperatively.

Patient and provider perspectives of the implementation of remote consultations for community-dwelling people with mental health conditions: A systematic mixed studies review.

Remote, or tele-, consultations became a necessary form of mental healthcare provision during the COVID-19 pandemic. As the prevalence of mental health problems rises, they may have a role in future mental health services. We aimed to review the literature on patient and provider perspectives on factors influencing the implementation of remote consultations for community-dwelling people with mental health conditions.

Implementation of telemedicine consultations for people with mental health conditions in the community: a protocol for a systematic review.

The COVID-19 pandemic response has led to an exponential increase in the use and spread of telemedicine internationally. In community mental health care settings, telemedicine services were implemented within a few weeks, with little time for rigorous planning. Despite the reported acceptability of telemedicine by patients and clinicians, barriers to its implementation have come to light.

Residential Out-of-Home Care Staff Perceptions of Implementing a Trauma-Informed Approach: The Sanctuary Model.

The aim of this study was to explore and better understand the enablers and barriers of implementation and how these impact on the organisational successes and challenges of adopting The Sanctuary Model, as perceived by residential care staff. Following ethics approval, three semi-structured interviews and six focus groups were conducted with residential care staff between February and July, 2020. Participants identified a number of enablers, presented in the subthemes: (a) social support systems and resources; (b) shared trauma-informed knowledge and understanding; and (c) leadership and champions.

Doctors' attitudes to maintenance of professional competence: A scoping review.

Context: Recent decades have seen the international implementation of programmes aimed at assuring the continuing competence of doctors. Maintenance of Professional Competence (MPC) programmes aim to encourage doctors' lifelong learning and ensure high-quality, safe patient care; however, programme requirements can be perceived as bureaucratic and irrelevant to practice, leading to disengagement. Doctors' attitudes and beliefs about MPC are critical to translating regulatory requirements into committed and effective lifelong learning.

Prevalence and predictors of medication non-adherence among people living with multimorbidity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: This systematic review aimed to describe medication non-adherence among people living with multimorbidity according to the current literature, and synthesise predictors of non-adherence in this population.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses. PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL and PsycINFO were searched for relevant articles published in English language between January 2009 and April 2019.

Correction to: Systematic Review of School-Wide Trauma-Informed Approaches.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s40653-020-00321-1.].

Systematic Review of School-Wide Trauma-Informed Approaches.

Extensive research on traumatic life experiences reveals how healthy development can be derailed and brain architecture altered by excessive or prolonged activation of the body's stress response, impacting health, mental health, learning, behavior and relationships. Schools offer a unique environment to prevent and counter the impacts of childhood trauma. This study aimed to investigate empirical evidence for school-wide trauma-informed approaches that met at least two of the three essential elements of trauma-informed systems defined by SAMSHA (2014).

Doctors' maintenance of professional competence: a qualitative study informed by the theory of planned behaviour.

Background: Medical regulators worldwide have implemented programmes of maintenance of professional competence (MPC) to ensure that doctors, throughout their careers, are up to date and fit to practice. The introduction of MPC required doctors to adopt a range of new behaviours. Despite high enrolment rates on these programmes, it remains uncertain whether doctors engage in the process because they perceive benefits like improvements in their practice and professional development or if they solely meet the requirements to retain medical registration.

Protocol for a mixed methods process evaluation of the LinkMM randomised controlled trial "Use of link workers to provide social prescribing and health and social care coordination for people with complex multimorbidity in socially deprived areas".

  Multimorbidity, defined as two or more chronic conditions is increasing in prevalence and is associated with increased health care use, fragmented care and poorer health outcomes. Link workers are non-health or social care professionals who support people to connect with resources in their community to improve their well-being, a process commonly referred to as social prescribing. The use of link workers in primary care may be an effective intervention in helping those with long-term conditions manage their illness and improve health and well-being, but the evidence base in limited.

Maintenance of professional competence in Ireland: a national survey of doctors' attitudes and experiences.

Objectives: Programmes to ensure doctors' maintenance of professional competence (MPC) have been established in many countries. Since 2011, doctors in Ireland have been legally required to participate in MPC. A significant minority has been slow to engage with MPC, mirroring the contested nature of such programmes internationally.

Ultra-processed foods and binge eating: A retrospective observational study.

Objectives: There is increasing evidence of the impact of ultra-processed foods on multiple metabolic and neurobiological pathways, including those involved in eating behaviors, both in animals and in humans. In this study we aimed to explore ultra-processed foods and their link with disordered eating in a clinical sample.

Methods: This was a single site, retrospective observational study in a specialist eating disorder service using self-report on the electronic health records.

Growth and Break-Up of Methanogenic Granules Suggests Mechanisms for Biofilm and Community Development.

Methanogenic sludge granules are densely packed, small, spherical biofilms found in anaerobic digesters used to treat industrial wastewaters, where they underpin efficient organic waste conversion and biogas production. Each granule theoretically houses representative microorganisms from all of the trophic groups implicated in the successive and interdependent reactions of the anaerobic digestion (AD) process. Information on exactly how methanogenic granules develop, and their eventual fate will be important for precision management of environmental biotechnologies.

Is It the Surgery or the Block? Incidence, Risk Factors, and Outcome of Nerve Injury following Upper Extremity Surgery.

Unlabelled: Although numerous studies have addressed the topic of postoperative nerve injury, debate continues to exist on its exact incidence, risk factors, etiology, and functional outcome. The aim of this study is to investigate the incidence of nerve injury and to identify patient, anesthetic, and surgical factors pertaining to perioperative nerve injury. Also, long-term nerve injury outcomes were assessed in terms of functionality.

Interventions and practice models for improving health and psychosocial outcomes of children and young people in out-of-home care: protocol for a systematic review.

Introduction: Children and young people placed in out-of-home care (OoHC) are often affected by a history of trauma and adverse childhood experiences. Trauma in early childhood can impact on children's health and psychosocial development, whereas early interventions can improve children's development and placement stability. Although several interventions and practice models have been developed to improve health and psychosocial outcomes for children and young people in OoHC, there remains a lack of rigorous research examining the impact of these interventions in OoHC settings, as there are no systematic reviews examining the impact these interventions and practice models have on the children and young people they serve.