A sensitive period for the development of episodic-like memory in mice.

Episodic-like memory is a later-developing cognitive function supported by the hippocampus. In mice, the formation of extracellular perineuronal nets in subfield CA1 of the dorsal hippocampus controls the emergence of episodic-like memory during the fourth postnatal week (Ramsaran et al., 2023).

Digoxin and its Na/K-ATPase-targeted actions on cardiovascular diseases and cancer.

Na/K-ATPase (NKA) is a plasma membrane ion-transporting protein involved in the generation and maintenance of Na and K gradients across the cell membrane, which can produce a driving force for the secondary transport of metabolic substrates. NKA also regulates intracellular calcium that is responsible for modulating numerous cellular processes, while it interacts with many other proteins and functions as a signal transducer, with several signaling pathways being involved. Thus, NKA has become an important target for the treatment of human diseases.

Transdiagnostic Neurobiology of Social Cognition and Individual Variability as Measured by Fractional Amplitude of Low-Frequency Fluctuation in Schizophrenia and Autism Spectrum Disorders.

Fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) is a validated measure of resting-state spontaneous brain activity. Previous fALFF findings in autism and schizophrenia spectrum disorders (ASDs and SSDs) have been highly heterogeneous. We aimed to use fALFF in a large sample of typically developing control (TDC), ASD and SSD participants to explore group differences and relationships with inter-individual variability of fALFF maps and social cognition.

Development of Potential Therapeutic Agents from Black Elderberries (the Fruits of L.).

Elderberry ( L.) is a widespread deciduous shrub, of which the fruits (elderberries) are used in the food industry to produce different types of dietary supplement products. These berries have been found to show multiple bioactivities, including antidiabetic, anti-infective, antineoplastic, anti-obesity, and antioxidant activities.

Heterogeneity in functional connectivity: Dimensional predictors of individual variability during rest and task fMRI in psychosis.

Background: Individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) often demonstrate cognitive impairments, associated with poor functional outcomes. While neurobiological heterogeneity has posed challenges when examining social cognition in SSD, it provides a unique opportunity to explore brain-behavior relationships. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between individual variability in functional connectivity during resting state and the performance of a social task and social and non-social cognition in a large sample of controls and individuals diagnosed with SSD.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging in schizophrenia: current evidence, methodological advances, limitations and future directions.

Functional neuroimaging emerged with great promise and has provided fundamental insights into the neurobiology of schizophrenia. However, it has faced challenges and criticisms, most notably a lack of clinical translation. This paper provides a comprehensive review and critical summary of the literature on functional neuroimaging, in particular functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), in schizophrenia.

Vincamine, from an antioxidant and a cerebral vasodilator to its anticancer potential.

Vincamine is a naturally occurring indole alkaloid showing antioxidant activity and has been used clinically for the prevention and treatment of cerebrovascular disorders and insufficiencies. It has been well documented that antioxidants may contribute to cancer treatment, and thus, vincamine has been investigated recently for its potential antitumor activity. Vincamine was found to show cancer cell cytotoxicity and to modulate several important proteins involved in tumor growth, including acetylcholinesterase (AChE), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and T-box 3 (TBX3).

Longer illness duration is associated with greater individual variability in functional brain activity in Schizophrenia, but not bipolar disorder.

Background: Individuals with schizophrenia exhibit greater inter-patient variability in functional brain activity during neurocognitive task performance. Some studies have shown associations of age and illness duration with brain function; however, the association of these variables with variability in brain function activity is not known. In order to better understand the progressive effects of age and illness duration across disorders, we examined the relationship with individual variability in brain activity.

Greater individual variability in functional brain activity during working memory performance in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (SSD).

Heterogeneity has been a persistent challenge in understanding Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (SSD). Traditional case-control comparisons often show variable results, and may not map well onto individuals. To better understand heterogeneity and group differences in SSD compared to typically developing controls (TDC), we examined variability in functional brain activity during a working memory (WM) task with known deficits in SSD.

Incidence of Injury for Professional Soccer Players in the United States: A 6-Year Prospective Study of Major League Soccer.

Background: Despite an abundance of injury research focusing on European professional soccer athletes, there are limited injury data on professional soccer players in the United States.

Purpose: To describe the epidemiology of injury across multiple years in Major League Soccer (MLS) players.

Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study.

Panchromatic dirhodium photocatalysts for dihydrogen generation with red light.

A series of three dirhodium complexes -[Rh(DPhB)(bncn)](BF) (, DPhB = diphenylbenzamidine; bncn = benzocinnoline), -[Rh(DPhTA)(bncn)](BF) (, DPhTA = diphenyltriazenide), and -[Rh(DPhF)(bncn)](BF) (, DPhF = ,'-diphenylformamidinate) shown to act as single-molecule photocatalysts for H production was evaluated. Complexes are able to generate H in the absence of any other catalyst in homogenous acidic solution upon irradiation with red light in the presence of the sacrificial electron donor BNAH (1-benzyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide). The excited state of each complex is reductively quenched by BNAH, producing the corresponding one-electron reduced complex.

Full Visible Spectrum and White Light Emission with a Single, Input-Tunable Organic Fluorophore.

The blue emission of M2biQ can be tuned to specific wavelengths throughout the visible region by changing the identity of the cation it interacts with. These optical properties are observed in MeCN solution and the solid state. White light is obtained in MeCN by using either the proper ratio of zinc ions or acid.

Novel bacterial topoisomerase inhibitors derived from isomannide.

A series of Novel Bacterial Topoisomerase Inhibitors (NBTIs) employing a linker derived from isomannide were synthesized and evaluated. Reduced hERG inhibition was observed compared to structure-matched analogues with different linkers, and compound 6 showed minimal proarrhythmic potential using an in vitro panel of cardiac ion channels. Compound 6 also displayed excellent activity against fluoroquinolone-resistant MRSA (MIC = 2 μg/mL) and other Gram-positive pathogens.

Single-chromophore single-molecule photocatalyst for the production of dihydrogen using low-energy light.

Single-chromophore single-molecule photocatalysts for the conversion and storage of solar energy into chemical bonds are rare, inefficient and do not use significant portions of the visible spectrum. Here we show a new, air-stable bimetallic scaffold that acts as a single-chromophore photocatalyst for hydrogen-gas generation and operates with irradiation wavelengths that span the ultraviolet to the red/near-infrared. Irradiation in acidic solutions that contain an electron donor results in the catalytic production of hydrogen with 170 ± 5 turnovers in 24 hours and an initial rate of 28 turnovers per hour.

α-Pyrone and Sterol Constituents of , a Fungal Associate of the Lichen .

Four new metabolites, 4--citreoviridin (), auransterol (), and two analogues ( and ) of paxisterol (), together with two known metabolites (15*,20*)-dihydroxyepisterol () and (), were isolated from cultures of the fungal associate, , of the lichen , endemic to California and Baja California. The structures of all compounds were determined by comprehensive spectroscopic and spectrometric methods, as well as single-crystal X-ray diffraction for the determination of the absolute configuration of . Compound showed selective cytotoxicity toward MCF-7 breast and A2780 ovarian cells with IC values of 4.

Multivalent C-H⋅⋅⋅Cl/Br-C Interactions Directing the Resolution of Dynamic and Twisted Capsules.

In this work, we report a mechanism by which stereoisomeric and twisted capsules P/M-1 direct their dynamic chirality in the presence of haloalkane guests. The capsule comprises a static, but twisted, cage that is linked to a dynamic tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (TPA) lid at its top. From the results of experimental (NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography) and computational (DFT) studies, the TPA lid was shown to assume clockwise (+) and counterclockwise (-) folds with diastereomeric (but racemic) capsules M-1(+) and M-1(-) interconverting at a rapid rate (ΔG =9.

Cationic Co(I)-Intermediates for Hydrofunctionalization Reactions: Regio- and Enantioselective Cobalt-Catalyzed 1,2-Hydroboration of 1,3-Dienes.

Much of the recent work on catalytic hydroboration of alkenes has focused on simple alkenes and styrene derivatives with few examples of reactions of 1,3-dienes, which have been reported to undergo mostly 1,4-additions to give allylic boronates. We find that reduced cobalt catalysts generated from 1,n- bis-diphenylphosphinoalkane complexes [PhP-(CH) -PPh]CoX; n = 1-5) or from (2-oxazolinyl)phenyldiarylphosphine complexes [(G-PHOX)CoX] (G = 4-substituent on oxazoline ring) effect selective 1,2-, 1,4-, or 4,3-additions of pinacolborane (HBPin) to a variety of 1,3-dienes depending on the ligands chosen. Conditions have been found to optimize the 1,2-additions.

Stackable molecular chairs.

We describe the design, preparation and assembly of chair-shaped molecules, comprising a tris-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane hub that extends into three phthalimides carrying amino acids or short peptides.

Stereo- and Regioselective Synthesis of Molecular Baskets.

We describe a stereoselective method for obtaining multigram quantities of molecular basket 1 in overall 11% yield, using inexpensive cyclopentadiene and diethyl fumarate as starting materials. First, an asymmetric synthesis of enantioenriched bromo(trimethylstannyl)alkene (-)-8 was accomplished by the stereoselective bromination of dibromonorbornene (+)-4 guided by anchimeric assistance and subsequent syn- exo-elimination of tetrabromonorbornane (-)-5a as the key steps. Subsequent Cu(I)-catalyzed cyclotrimerization of (-)-8 was optimized to give 1 in 85% yield and 1:1 ratio of diastereomers.

A Stimuli-Responsive Molecular Capsule with Switchable Dynamics, Chirality, and Encapsulation Characteristics.

In this study, we report the preparation, conformational dynamics, and recognition characteristics of novel molecular capsule 1 comprising a bowl-shaped framework conjugated to a tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (TPA) lid. With the assistance of experiment (H NMR spectroscopy) and theory (MM and DFT) we found that C symmetric 1 is poorly preorganized with three pyridines at the rim adopting a propeller-like orientation and undergoing P-to- M (or vice versa) stereoisomerization (Δ G < 8 kcal/mol, VT H NMR). Capsule 1 binds CH, CHCl, CHCl, CHCl, and CCl with K < 7 M.

Crystal Structures and Human Leukemia Cell Apoptosis Inducible Activities of Parthenolide Analogues Isolated from Piptocoma rufescens.

The molecular structures of three parthenolide analogues, (-)-goyazensolide (1), (-)-15-deoxygoyazensolide (2), and (-)-ereglomerulide (3), isolated from the leaves of Piptocoma rufescens in a previous study were determined by X-ray analysis, and the absolute configuration of (-)-goyazensolide (1) was confirmed crystallographically using Cu Kα radiation at low temperature. Compounds 1-3, (+)-rufesolide A (4), and commercial parthenolide were found to be growth inhibitory toward MOLM-13 and EOL-1 human acute myeloid leukemia cells using PKC412 (midostaurin) as the positive control, with 1-3 being more active than parthenolide. Also, compounds 1-4 exhibited synergistic effects when tested with PKC412, but parthenolide did not show this type of activity.

Catalytic Enantioselective Hetero-dimerization of Acrylates and 1,3-Dienes.

1,3-Dienes are ubiquitous and easily synthesized starting materials for organic synthesis, and alkyl acrylates are among the most abundant and cheapest feedstock carbon sources. A practical, highly enantioselective union of these two readily available precursors giving valuable, enantio-pure skipped 1,4-diene esters (with two configurationally defined double bonds) is reported. The process uses commercially available cobalt salts and chiral ligands.